Vocabulary 12

�1. acting [ˈæktɪŋ]adjective

[interim] en funciones

acting [ˈæktɪŋ]

noun

actuación f

I like acting me gusta actuar

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acting noun [U] uk /ˈæk.tɪŋ/ us /ˈæk.tɪŋ/

› the �job of �performing in �films or �plays: He �wants to get into acting.acting adjective uk /ˈæk.tɪŋ/ us /ˈæk.tɪŋ/

acting chairman, manager, etc. › someone who does a �job for a �short �time while the �person who usually does that �job is not there: He'll be the acting �director until they can �appoint a �permanent one.__________________________________________________________

2. applaud [əˈplɔ:d]

transitive verb & intransitive verb Conjugaison

(lit & fig) Conjugaison aplaudir

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applaud verb uk /əˈplɔːd/ us /əˈplɑːd/

applaud verb (CLAP)

C1 [I or T] to show �enjoyment or �approval of something such as a �performance or �speech by �clapping the �hands �repeatedly to make a �noise: You should have �heard the �audience applaud - the �noise was �fantastic. She was applauded for a �full five �minutes after her �speech.__________________________________________________________

3. as (unstressed [əz], , stressed [æz])

conjunction

1. [referring to time - while] mientras

[ - when] cuando

she told it to me as we walked along me lo contó mientras paseábamos

as time goes by a medida que pasa el tiempo

she rang (just) as I was leaving llamó justo cuando iba a salir

2. [referring to manner, way] como

leave it as it is déjalo como está

do as I say haz lo que te digo

3. [introducing a statement] como

as you see, ... como puedes ver, ...

as you know, ... como (ya) sabes, ...

4. [because] como, ya que

as it is (ya) de por sí

things are bad enough as it is las cosas ya están mal de por sí

as it turns out ... resulta que ...

as things stand tal como están las cosas

as (unstressed [əz], , stressed [æz])

preposition

como

I'm speaking as a friend te hablo como amigo

she works as a nurse trabaja de or como enfermera

as a boy, I lived in Spain de niño vivía en España

she treats it as a game se lo toma como un juego

it came as a shock fue una gran sorpresa

as (unstressed [əz], , stressed [æz])

adverb

(in comparisons)

as ... as tan ... como

as tall as I am tan alto como yo

I've lived as long as she has he vivido durante tanto tiempo como ella

twice as big el doble de grande

it's just as fast es igual de rápido

as much as tanto como

as many as tantos ( f tantas) como

as much wine as you like tanto vino como quieras

as it were

adverb

por así decirlo

as for, as to

preposition

en cuanto a, por lo que se refiere a

as from, as of

preposition

a partir de

as if, as though

conjunction

como si

as to

preposition

(UK) con respecto a

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as adverb uk strong /æz/ weak /əz/ us /æz/ /əz/

A2 used in �comparisons to refer to the �degree of something: She'll �soon be as �tall as her �mother. I can't �run as �fast as you. �skin as �soft as a baby's It's not as good as it used to be.

as preposition uk strong /æz/ /əz/ us /æz/ /əz/

A1 used to �describe the �purpose or �quality of someone or something: She �works as a �waitress. It could be used as �evidence against him. The �news came as �quite a �shock to us. I �meant it as a �joke.

as conjunction uk strong /æz/ /əz/ us /æz/ /əz/

as conjunction (BECAUSE)

A2 because: As it was getting late, I �decided to �book into a �hotel. You can go first as you're the �oldest. as conjunction (WHILE)

B1 during the �time that: I �saw him as I was coming into the �building. He gets more �attractive as he gets �older.

as conjunction (LIKE)

B1 in the same way: He got �divorced, (just) as his �parents had done �years before. This �year, as in �previous �years, �tickets �sold very �quickly. As with his �earlier �movies,he �special �effects in his �latest �film are �brilliant. As is often the �case with �children, Amy was �completely �better by the �time the �doctor �arrived. As I was just saying, I �think the �proposal �needs �further �consideration. Knowing him as I do, I can't �believe he would do such a thing.

as conjunction (ALTHOUGH)

› �although: Angry as he was, he couldn't �help �smiling._______________________________________________________________________

4. atmosphere [ˈætmə�sfɪəɼ]noun

1. [of planet] atmósfera f

2. [air in room, mood of place] ambiente m

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atmosphere noun us /ˈæt·mə�sfɪər/

atmosphere noun (AIR)

› earth science [C usually sing] the �mixture of �gases that �surrounds some �planets, such as the �earth; the �air

atmosphere noun (MEASUREMENT)

› science [C] a �unit for �measuring �pressure

atmosphere noun (CHARACTER)

› [U] the �character or �mood of a �place or �situation: The �club �provided a �relaxed and �fdly atmosphere for �its �members.› literature [U] Atmosphere is also the �mood or �feeling �produced by a �work of �literature.___________________________________________________________________________

5. backstage [�bækˈsteɪdʒ]adverb

entre bastidores (1. loc. adv. Teatro. Fuera de la representación que el público v

e en el escenario. Esperó entre bastidores hasta que acabó la obra.

2. loc. adv. Reservadamente, entre algunas personas y de modo que no trascienda

a los demás. U. t. c. loc. adj. No son más que conversaciones entre bastidores.)

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backstage adjective, adverb uk /bækˈsteɪdʒ/ us /bækˈsteɪdʒ/

› in the �area behind the �stage in a �theatre, �especially the �rooms in which �actors �changheir �clothes or where �equipment is �kept: We went backstage after the show to �meet the �actors. backstage �workers› If something �happens backstage, it is not �generally �known about: The �organizers say it's a �fair �contest but who �knows what goes on backstage?_______________________________________________________________________

6. bowling alley

noun

1. [building] bolera f

2. [alley] calle f

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bowling alley noun [C] uk /ˈbə�.lɪŋ �æl.i/ us /ˈbo�.lɪŋ �æl.i/› a �building in which you can go �bowling, or the �narrow �track along which �balls are �rolled during a �game of �bowling______________________________________________________________________

7. costume [ˈkɒstju:m]

noun

1. [generally] traje m

2. [swimming costume] traje m de baño

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costume noun uk /ˈkɒs.tʃuːm/ us /ˈkɑː.stuːm/

B2 [C or U] the set of �clothes �typical of a �particular �country or �period of �history, or �suitable for a �particular �activity: Singers �performing Mozart's �operas often �dress in/�wear �historical costume. The �dancers �leading the �procession were in �colourful and �elaborate costumes.UK The �shop has a good �selection of �bikinis and �bathing/�swimming costumes.B2 [C] (UK also fancy-dress costume) a set of �clothes �worn in �order to �look like someone or something �else, �especially for a �party or as �part of an �entertainment: O

ur �host was �wearing a �clown costume. The �children were �dressed in �Halloween costumes.________________________________________________________________________________

8. drama [ˈdrɑ:mə]

noun

1. [generally] drama m

2. [subject] teatro m

3. [excitement] dramatismo m

drama [ˈdrɑ:mə]

compound

de arte dramático

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drama noun us /ˈdrɑ·mə, ˈdræm·ə/

drama noun (THEATER)

› [C/U] a �play, esp. a �serious one, written to be �performed by �actors, the writing of �plays, or the �art of �showing �plays: [C] She’s been in several �television dramas. [U] Arthur Miller, a �master of drama, �wrote “�Death of a Salesman.”

drama noun (EXCITEMENT)

› [U] �excitement and �strong �interest �produced by an �unexpected or �surprising �event or �ation: Watching on �television was not the same as experiencing the drama of the �event in �person.________________________________________________________________________________

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9. drama club =

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10. entertainment [�entəˈteɪnmənt]noun

1. (uncountable noun) [amusement] diversión f, entretenimiento m, entretenc

ión f (Amér)

2. [show] espectáculo m

entertainment [�entəˈteɪnmənt]compound

del espectáculo

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entertainment noun [C or U] uk /en.təˈteɪn.mənt/ us /en.t�ɚˈteɪn.mənt/B1 �shows, �films, �television, or other �performances or �activities that �entertain �people, or a �performance of this �type: There's not much in the way of entertainment in this �town - just the �cinema and a �couple of �pubs.formal This season's entertainments �include five new �plays and several �concerts of �Chinese and �Indian �music.This �film is good �family entertainment ________________________________________________________________________________

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11. give up

transitive verb separable Conjugaison

1. [stop] Conjugaison abandonar

to give up chocolate dejar de comer chocolate

2. [job] Conjugaison dejar

3. [surrender]

to give oneself up (to somebody) entregarse (a alguien)

give up

intransitive verb Conjugaison

Conjugaison rendirse, darse por vencido(da)

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give (sth) up

— phrasal verb with give uk /ɡɪv/ us /ɡɪv/ verb (gave, given)

B1 If you give up a �habit, such as �smoking, or something such as �alcohol, you �stop doing it or using it: [+ -ing verb] I gave up smoking two �years ago. Don't �offer him a �cigarette, he's �trying to give it up.

expend iconexpend iconMore examples

Chewing �gum can �help �people who are giving up �smoking. She's �agreed to give up �chocolate for �Lent. He gave up �drinking on the �advice of his �doctor. Even though she's given up �meat she still �eats �fish. I've �promised her a �holiday if she gives up �smoking by next �year.

expend iconexpend icon Thesaurus

give sth up

— phrasal verb with give uk /ɡɪv/ us /ɡɪv/ verb (gave, given)

B1 to �stop doing a �regular �activity or �job: [+ -ing verb] He's given up driving since his �illness. We're going to give up �our �sports �club �membership after this �year.give it up for sb › used to �ask �people to �clap �their �hands to show �their �enjoyment or �approof a �performance: Ladies and �gentlemen, will you give it up for Danny Jones.________________________________________________________________________________

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12. indoor [ˈɪndɔ:ɼ]

adjective

[generally] interior

[shoes] de andar por casa

[plant] de interior

[sports] en pista cubierta

indoor swimming pool piscina f cubierta

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indoor adjective [before noun] uk /�ɪnˈdɔːr/ us /�ɪnˈdɔːr/A2 �happening, used, or �existing inside a �building: indoor �sports/�activities an indoor �racetrack/�swimming �poolOpposite

outdoor

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13. outdoor [ˈa�tdɔ:ɼ]adjective

[life, swimming pool] al aire libre

[clothes] de calle

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outdoor adjective [before noun] uk /ˈa�t�dɔːr/ us /ˈa�t�dɔːr/B1 �existing, �happening, or done �outside, �rather than inside a �building: an outdoor �swimming �pool/�festival outdoor �clothes› �liking or �relating to outdoor �activities, such as �lking and �climbing: Sara's not really the outdoor �type.______________________________________________________________________

14. put on


1. [wear] Conjugaison ponerse

2. [show, play] Conjugaison representar

[exhibition] Conjugaison hacer

[transport] Conjugaison organizar

3. [gain]

to put on weight engordar

I've put on 10 kilos he engordado 10 kilos

4. [radio, light] Conjugaison poner, Conjugaison encender

to put on the brakes frenar

5. [record, tape] Conjugaison poner

6. [start cooking] empezar a hacer or cocinar

to put the kettle on poner el agua a hervir

7. [bet] apostar por

8. [add] Conjugaison añadir

9. [feign - air, accent] Conjugaison fingir

10. (US & inf) [tease]

to put somebody on tomar el pelo a alguien

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15. rehearse [rɪˈhɜ:s]

transitive verb Conjugaison

Conjugaison ensayar

rehearse [rɪˈhɜ:s]


to rehearse (for) ensayar (para)

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rehearse verb uk /rəˈhɜːs/ us /rəˈh�ːs/C1 [I or T] to �practise a �play, a �piece of �music, etc. in �order to �prepare it for �public �performance: The �musicians rehearsed (the �symphony) for the �concert.figurative On her way to her �interview she �silently rehearsed what she would say.› [T] formal When someone rehearses a �story or an �argument, they �repeat it with all the �details: These are �arguments that I've �heard rehearsed at �meetings many �times before._______________________________________________________________________

16. ride [raɪd]

noun

1. [generally] paseo m

to go for a ride [on horseback] darse un paseo a caballo

[on bike] darse un paseo en bicicleta

[in car] darse una vuelta en coche

to take somebody for a ride (inf & fig) embaucar a alguien

2. [journey] viaje m

it's a short car ride away está a poca distancia en coche

3. [at fair] atracción f

ride [raɪd] ( pt rode, pp ridden )


1. [horse] montar a

2. [bicycle, motorbike] montar en

he rode his bike to the station fue a la estación en bici

3. (US) [bus, train] ir en

[elevator] subir/bajar en

4. [distance] Conjugaison recorrer

ride [raɪd] ( pt rode, pp ridden )


1. [on horseback] montar a caballo

she rode over to see me vino a verme a caballo

2. [on bicycle] ir en bici

[on motorbike] ir en moto

3. [in car]

we rode to London in a jeep fuimos a Londres en jeep

ride out


Conjugaison aguantar

ride up


subirse

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ride verb uk /raɪd/ us /raɪd/ (rode, ridden)

A1 [I or T] to �sit on something such as a �bicycle, �motorbike, or �horse and �travel along on it �controlling �its �movements: I �learned to ride a �bike when I was six. I ride my �moped to �work. I ride to �work on my �moped. The �hunters came riding by/past on �their �horses.› [I] to ride a �horse: Can you ride? Their �daughter is �learning to ride. He rides well/�badly.A2 [I or T] to �travel in a �vehicle, such as a �car, �bus, or �train: He doesn't have a �car so he rides to �work on the �bus.mainly US We rode the �train from San Diego to Portland.› [T] US to �try to �control someone and �force them to �work: Your �boss is riding you much too hard at the �moment.


Can you ride a �bike? I've told you many a �time not to ride �your �bike on the �pavement. She won't have any �troubles �learning to ride a �horse - you can �see she's a �natural.

She �mounted her �horse and rode off. As a �young �girl, she �spent every �weekend riding her �pony.


Idioms

be riding for a fall

be riding high

let sth ride

More...

Phrasal verbs

ride on sth/sb

ride sth out

ride up

ridenoun [C] uk /raɪd/ us /raɪd/

B1 a �journey on a �horse or �bicycle, or in a �vehicle: It's a �short �bus ride to the �airport. I went for a (�horse) ride last �Saturday. Do you �want to come for a ride on my �bike?B1 mainly US (UK usually lift) a �free �journey in a �car to a �place where you �want to go: He �asked me for a ride into �town.› US a �person who gives you a ride in �their �car: Well, I have to go - my ride is here.› US informal someone's �car: Hey, �nice ride.B1 a �machine in an �amusement �park that �people �travel in or are �moved around by for �entertainment: We went on all the rides. My �favourite ride is the Ferris �wheel.



Idioms

a rough ride

take sb for a ride

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17. scenery [ˈsi:nərɪ]

noun (uncountable noun)

1. [of countryside] paisaje m

2. THEAT decorado m

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scenery noun [U] uk /ˈsiː.nər.i/ us /ˈsiː.nɚ.i/

scenery noun [U] (COUNTRYSIDE)

B1 the �general �appearance of the �natural �environment, �especially when it is �beautiful: �beautiful/�breathtaking/�spectacular scenery They �stopped at the �top of the �hill to �admire the scenery.


The scenery really was �beautiful. The �majestic Montana scenery will �leave you �breathless. This �postcard doesn't do �justice to the �wonderful scenery. This �area has some of the most �awesome scenery. You �drive through the most �incredible scenery to get there.

scenery noun [U] (THEATRE)

› the �large �painted �pictures used on a �theatre �stage to �represent the �place where the �on is

Idioms

blend into the scenery

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18. special [ˈspeʃl]

adjective

1. [generally] especial

2. [particular, individual] particular

special [ˈspeʃl]

noun

1. [on menu]

today's special plato m del día

2. [TV programme] programa m especial

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special adjective us /ˈspeʃ·əl/

special adjective (NOT USUAL)

› not �ordinary or �usual: a special �occasion special �attention/�treatment The �car has a �nber of special �safety �features. Is there anything special you’d like to do today? The �magazine �published a special �anniversary �issue.› Special can also �mean �unusually �greaor �important: You’re very special to me.

special adjective (PARTICULAR)

› [not gradable] having a �particular �purpose: Kevin goes to a special �school for the �blind. She’s a special �correspondent for �National Public Radio.specialnoun [C] us /ˈspeʃ·əl/

special noun [C] (THING NOT USUALLY AVAILABLE)

› something that is not usually �available: There’s a two-hour special (= a �television �program that is not �regularly �shown) on the �Olympics �tonight. Our restaurant’s specials today are �pasta primavera, �baked �chicken with �rice, and �shrimp scampi (= these �foods are not always �sold).› A special is also the �sale of �goods at a �reduced �price: The �store had a special on �lawn �furniture this �week.________________________________________________________________________________

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19. special effects

plural noun

efectos mpl especiales

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special effects plural noun /ˈspeʃ·əl ɪ·fekts/

› �artificial �images, esp. in a �film, that �appear �real but are �created by �artists and �tical �experts: The �movie �won several �awards for �its special effects.----------------------------------------------------------------------------

special effect noun [C usually plural] uk /�speʃ.əl ɪˈfekt/ us /�speʃ.əl ɪˈfekt/B1 an �unusual �piece of �action in a �film, or an �entertainment on a �stage, �created by using �particular �equipment: The movie's �special �effects are �amazing.________________________________________________________________________

20. stage [steɪdʒ]

noun

1. [part of process, phase] etapa f

to do something in stages hacer algo por etapas

2. [in theatre, hall] escenario m, escena f

on stage en escena

to set the stage for preparar el terreno para

3. [acting profession]

the stage el teatro

stage [steɪdʒ]


1. THEAT Conjugaison representar

2. [event, strike] Conjugaison organizar

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stage noun us /steɪdʒ/

stage noun (PART)

› [C] a �part of an �activity, or a �period of �development: The �software is in the early stages of �development. At that stage of my �life, I was �married but didn’t have any �children.in stages › If you do something in stages, you �divide the �activity into �parts and �complete each �part �separately: We’re �repairing the �house in stages – first the �roof anhimney, then the �windows.

stage noun (THEATER)

› [C/U] the �area in a �theater, often �raised above �ground �level, on which �actors or �enteainers �perform: [C] When you’re �sitting in the �balcony, you �see more of the �ceiling than the stage. [U] Berlin’s most �successful stage �musical was "Annie Get �Your Gun." [U] She was a �popular �star of the �musical stage (= of this �type of �theater). As a �child, he �appeared on stage (= �performing in �theaters).› [C/U] A stage is also a �particular �area of �public �life: [C] His �novel �includes such �actors on the �world stage as Fidel Castro and the Pope.

stageverb [T] us /steɪdʒ/

stage verb [T] (THEATER)

› to �arrange the �performance of a �play or other �entertainment: Bejart was �staging his own �ballets.› If you stage an �event, you �organize it: Bus �drivers are �planning to stage a 24-hour �strike.__________________________________________________________________________

21. success [səkˈses]

noun

1. [generally] éxito m

to be a success tener éxito

2. [in career, life] triunfo m

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success noun [C/U] us /səkˈses/

› the �achieving of �desired �results, or someone or something that �achieves �positive �results: [U] We’ve �tried to �contact him, but so �far without success. [C] The �dinner �party wa

s a �great success._________________________________________________________

22. theme park

noun

parque de atracciones que gira alrededor de un tema

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theme park noun [C] uk /ˈθiːm �pɑːk/ us /ˈθiːm �pɑːrk/ ( also amusement park)› a �large �permanent �area for �public �entertainment, with �entertaining �activities and �bihines to �ride on or �play �games on, �restaurants, etc., sometimes all �connected with a �single �subject_____________________________________________________________________

23. wait [weɪt]

noun

espera f

to lie in wait for somebody estar al acecho de alguien

wait [weɪt]


to wait (for something/somebody) esperar (algo/a alguien)

I can't wait for the holidays/to see her estoy impaciente por comenzar las va

caciones/verla

(just) you wait! ¡me las pagarás!

to wait and see esperar y ver lo que pasa

wait a minute or second or moment! [interrupting somebody] ¡espera un minuto or

segundo or momento!

[interrupting o.s.] ¡espera!

keys cut while you wait se hacen llaves en el acto

wait [weɪt]


(US) [delay] Conjugaison retrasar

wait about

intransitive verb Conjugaison ,

wait around

intransitive verb

Conjugaison esperar

wait for

transitive verb inseparable Conjugaison

Conjugaison esperar

wait on

transitive verb inseparable Conjugaison

[serve food to] Conjugaison servir

wait up


1. quedarse despierto ( f despierta) esperando

2. (US)

wait up! ¡un momento!

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wait verb [I] uk /weɪt/ us /weɪt/

A1 to �allow �time to go by, �especially while �staying in one �place without doing very much, until someone comes, until something that you are �expecting �happens or until you can do something: I waited for her �outside while she went in to �see the �doctor. The �dentist �kept me waiting for �ages. [+ to infinitive] There were a lot of �people waiting to use the �phone.› to be done or to �happen at a �later �time: The �meeting will have to wait until �tomorrow, because I'm too �busy now. The �paperwork can't wait until �tomorrow (= is �urgent and must be done now).

no waiting UK (US no standing) › used on �signs to �mean �vehicles are not �allowed to �park, �even for �short �periods of �time: The �sign by the �side of the �road said "no waiting!"

wait noun [S] uk /weɪt/ us /weɪt/

B2 a �period of �time when you �stay in one �place until someone comes, or something �happens, or until you can do something: We had a three-hour wait before we could �see the �doctor. The �long wait for the �doctor/to �see the �doctor really made me �anxious._______________________________________________________________

24. line [laɪn]

noun

1. [generally, MIL ] línea f

2. [row] fila f

in a line en fila

3. (esp US) [queue] cola f

to stand or wait in line hacer cola

4. [course - direction] línea f

[ - of action] camino m

to walk in a straight line andar en línea recta

what's his line of business? ¿a qué negocios se dedica?

to follow the party line seguir las directrices del partido

along the same lines por el estilo

5. [length - of rope, for washing] cuerda f

[ - for fishing] sedal m

[ - of wire] hilo m, cable m

6. TELEC

(telephone) line línea f (telefónica)

hold the line, please no cuelgue, por favor

the line is busy está comunicando

it's a bad line hay interferencias

your wife is on the line for you su mujer al teléfono

7. [on page] línea f, renglón m

[of poem, song] verso m

[letter]

to drop somebody a line (inf) mandar unas letras a alguien

8. [system of transport]

(railway) line [track] vía f (férrea)

[route] línea f (férrea)

shipping line [company] compañía f naviera

[route] ruta f marítima

9. [wrinkle] arruga f

10. [alignment]

in line alineado ( f alineada)

to be in line for promotion estar camino de un ascenso

11. [succession of kings etc] línea f

a long line of mistakes una larga serie de errores

12. [borderline] límite m, frontera f

13. COMM línea f

line of credit línea f de crédito

to be on the right lines estar en el buen camino

along similar lines de manera parecida

to draw the line at something no pasar por algo, negarse a algo

to read between the lines leer entre líneas

to step out of line saltarse las reglas

line [laɪn]


1. [form rows along] alinearse a lo largo de

crowds lined the street la gente se apiñaba a los lados de la calle

2. [coat, curtains] Conjugaison forrar

[drawer] cubrir el interior de

lines

plural noun

1. SCH castigo consistente en escribir la misma frase gran número de veces

2. THEAT papel m

on the line

adverb

to be on the line estar en juego

out of line

adverb

to be out of line estar fuera de lugar

line up


1. [make into a row or queue] Conjugaison alinear

2. [arrange] Conjugaison programar, Conjugaison organizar

line up


[form a queue] Conjugaison alinearse, ponerse en fila

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linenoun us /lɑɪn/

line noun (LONG MARK)

› [C] a �long, �thin �mark on the �surface of something: Draw a �straight line. You shouldn’t rive �across the �double �yellow lines. As I �grow �older, lines and �wrinkles show on my �face.› geometry [C] A line is a �row of �points that �continues in both �directions and is usually �represented by a �long �thin �mark.

line noun (EDGE)

› [C] a �real or �imaginary �mark that �forms the �edge, �border, or �limit of something: The ice �caught him before he crossed the �state line.› [C] A line is also a �mark on a �sports �field which �shows where things can or cannot �happen, or which �measures the �field: the �foul line the 50-yard line the free-throw line

line noun (STRING)

› [C] a �length of �string, �rope, or �wire that is used to �support something: �fishing line Would you �help me �hang the �wash out on the line?

line noun (ROW)

› [C] a �row of �people or things: There was a �long line at the �movie �theater. Just get in/on line and �wait �your �turn.› [C] In �football, the lines are the two �front �rows of �opping �players who �face one another at the �start of a �play: the �offensive/�defensive line

line noun (SERIES)

› [C usually sing] a �series of �people, esp. �members of the same �family, �following one another in �time: He comes from a �long line of �doctors.

line noun (MILITARY)

› [C] a �row of �military �positions, �particularly the �ones �closest to �enemy �positions: tont line behind �enemy lines

line noun (WIRE/CONNECTION)

› [C] an �electrical or �telephone �wire or �connection: Power lines were down after the �storm. That line is �busy – may I take a �message?

line noun (PIPE)

› [C] a �system of �pipes: a �water/�gas line

line noun (RAILROAD)

› [C] a �train �route, or a �railroad �track: �rail/�commuter lines

line noun (COMPANY)

› [C] a �company that has an �organized �system of �transport by �ship, �truck, �aircraft, or : a �shipping line

line noun (WORDS)

› [C] a �row of words that �form �part of a �text: Limericks are �humorous five-line �poems.› ] A line is also a �short written �message: Drop me a line when you get a �chance.› [C] A line is also a �remark that is �intended to �amuse, �persuade, or �deceive: He gave me some line about how his �father is the �mayor.› [C] Lines are also the words that �actors �speak when �performing.

line noun (DIRECTION)

› [C usually sing] a �direction or �path: Fortunately, the �pedestrian wasn’t in the line of �fire.

line noun (WAY OF DEALING)

› [C] a way of �dealing with or �thinking about something or someone: I couldn’t �follow his line of �reasoning.

line noun (JOB)

› [C] a �job, �interest, or �activity: "What line of �work are you in?" "I’m a �teacher."

line noun (GOODS)

› [C] a �type of �goods: Our new swimwear line will be in �stores �shortly.Idioms

a fine line

in line for something

in line with something

More...

lineverb [T] us /lɑɪn/

line verb [T] (COVER)

› to �cover the inside �surface of an �object with another �material: I lined the �kitchen �cabinets with �shelf �paper.Idioms

line your pocket(s)

Phrasal verbs

line someone/something up

line up (someone/something)

___________________________________________________________________

25. so [sə�]adverb

1. [to such a degree] tan

so difficult (that) tan difícil (que)

don't be so stupid! ¡no seas bobo!

I wish he wouldn't talk so much ojalá no hablara tanto

I've never seen so much money/many cars en mi vida he visto tanto dinero/tant

os coches

thank you so much muchísimas gracias

he's not so stupid as he looks no es tan bobo como parece

we're so glad you could come estamos tan contentos de que pudieras venir

it's about so high es así de alto

2. [in referring back to previous statement, event etc]

so what's the point then? entonces ¿qué sentido tiene?

so you knew already? ¿así que ya lo sabías?

I don't think so no creo, me parece que no

I'm afraid so me temo que sí

if so si es así, de ser así

is that so? ¿es cierto?, ¿es así?

3. [also] también

so can I y yo (también puedo)

so do I y yo (también)

she speaks French and so does her husband ella habla francés y su marido también

as with children so with adults igual que con los niños, también con los adultos

just as some people like family holidays so others prefer to holiday alone ig

ual que hay gente a la que le gustan las vacaciones familiares, otros las prefie

ren pasar solos

4. [in such a way]

(like) so así, de esta forma

it was so arranged as to look impressive estaba dispuesto de tal manera que p

areciera impresionante

5. [in expressing agreement]

so there is! ¡pues (sí que) es verdad!, ¡sí que lo hay, sí!

so I see ya lo veo

6. [unspecified amount, limit]

they pay us so much a week nos pagan tanto a la semana

it's not so much the money as the time involved no es tanto el dinero como el

tiempo que conlleva

they didn't so much as say thank you ni siquiera dieron las gracias

or so o así

a year/week or so ago hace un año/una semana o así

so [sə�]conjunction

1. [with the result that, therefore] así que, por lo tanto

he said yes and so we got married dijo que sí, así que nos casamos

2. [to introduce a statement] (bueno) pues

so what have you been up to? bueno, ¿y qué has estado haciendo?

so that's who she is! ¡anda! ¡o sea que ella!

so what? (inf) ¿y qué?

so there (inf) ¡(y si no te gusta) te chinchas!

and so on, and so forth

adverb

y cosas por el estilo

so as

conjunction

para

we didn't knock so as not to disturb them no llamamos para no molestarlos

so far

conjunction

[up to now] hasta ahora

so far, so good por ahora todo bien

so that

conjunction

para que

he lied so that she would go free mintió para que ella saliera en libertad

________________________________________________________________________

26. neither [ ˈnaɪδəɼ, ˈni:δəɼ]

adverb

I don't drink - me neither no bebo - yo tampoco

the food was neither good nor bad la comida no era ni buena ni mala

to be neither here nor there no tener nada que ver

neither [ ˈnaɪδəɼ, ˈni:δəɼ]

pronoun

ninguno ( f ninguna)

neither of us/them ninguno de nosotros/ellos


adjective

neither cup is blue ninguna de las dos tazas es azul


conjunction

neither ... nor ... ni ... ni ...

she could neither eat nor sleep no podía ni comer ni dormir

_______________________________________________________________

27. too [tu:]

adverb

1. [also] también

me too yo también

2. [excessively] demasiado

too much demasiado

too many things demasiadas cosas

it finished all or only too soon terminó demasiado pronto

I'd be only too happy to help me encantaría ayudarte

not too ... no muy ...

________________________________________________________________

28. either [ ˈaɪδəɼ, ˈi:δəɼ]

adjective

1. [one or the other] cualquiera de los dos

she couldn't find either jumper no podía encontrar ninguno de los dos jerseys

you can do it either way lo puedes hacer como quieras

I don't care either way me da igual

2. [each] cada

on either side a ambos lados

either [ ˈaɪδəɼ, ˈi:δəɼ]

pronoun

either (of them) cualquiera de ellos ( f ellas)

I don't like either (of them) no me gusta ninguno de ellos ( f ninguna de ell

as)


adverb

(in negatives) tampoco

she can't and I can't either ella no puede y yo tampoco


conjunction

either... or o... o

either you or me o tú o yo

I don't like either him or his wife no me gusta ni él ni su mujer

_______________________________________________________________________

29.by [baɪ]

preposition

1. [indicating cause, agent] por

caused/written by causado/escrito por

a book by Joyce un libro de Joyce

2. [indicating means, method, manner]

to travel by bus/train/plane/ship viajar en autobús/tren/avión/barco

to pay by cheque pagar con cheque

to take somebody by the hand coger a alguien de la mano

by candlelight a la luz de las velas

he got rich by buying land se hizo rico comprando terrenos

by nature por naturaleza

by profession/trade de profesión/oficio

3. [beside, close to] junto a

by the sea junto al mar

4. [past] por delante de

to walk by somebody/something pasear por delante de alguien/algo

we drove by the castle pasamos por el castillo (conduciendo)

5. [via, through] por

we entered by the back door entramos por la puerta trasera

6. [with time - at or before, during] para

I'll be there by eight estaré allí para las ocho

by 1916 it was all over en 1916 ya todo estaba decidido

by now ya

by day/night por el día/la noche, de día/noche

7. [according to] según

by law/my standards según la ley/mis criterios

8. [in division] entre

[in multiplication, measurements] por

to divide 20 by 2 dividir 20 entre 2

to multiply 20 by 2 multiplicar 20 por 2

twelve feet by ten doce pies por diez

9. [in quantities, amounts] por

by the thousand or thousands por miles

by the metre por metros

by the day/hour por día/horas

prices were cut by 50% los precios fueron rebajados (en) un 50%

10. [indicating gradual change]

day by day día a día

one by one uno a uno

11. [to explain a word or expression] con, por

what do you mean by `all right'? ¿qué quieres decir con `bien'?

what do you understand by the word `subsidiarity'? ¿qué entiendes por `subsidiari

edad'?

(all) by oneself solo ( f sola)

did you do it all by yourself? ¿lo hiciste tú solo?

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Vocabulary 12