Vitamins

ResourcesLecture: 2009, Dr. Sylvia Kehoe, UW—River Falls

Textbook: The Veterinary Technician’s Pocket Partner, Marisa BauerResources

Walter J. TaylorAgricultural Educator and Co-FFA Advisor

Plymouth Comprehensive High School

www.consumer-supply.com

Learning Targets

• Identify the functions of various water and fat soluble vitamins in animal nutrition.

• Describe the symptoms of an animal’s body given a toxicity or deficiency of a vitamin.

Vitamins

• Fat Soluble– A, D, E, K

• Water Soluble– C and B complex

• Abbreviations– Y = Young– C = Cattle– Ch = Chickens– H = Humans– S = Swine– Sh = Sheep– T = Turkeys– A = Adults

Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin A– Retinol– Figure is two retinol molecules combined– Deficiency Symptoms in animals

• Xeropthalmia (Y)• Night blindness or permanent blindness (Y)• Diarrhea (Y)• Convulsions (Y)• High cerebropsinal fluid pressures (Y)• Incoordination (C)• Reproductive failure in males (C)• Abortion or birth of weak or dead young (C)

Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin D– The sun shine vitamin– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Rickets in young (Y)• Osteomalacia in adults (Y)• Lameness and sore joints (Y)• Crooked legs (Y)• Spontaneous fractures of long bones (Y)• Negative mineral balance (A)• Low bone ash (A)

Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin E– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Nutritional muscular dystrophy (Y)• Fetal reabsorption (Ch, C, T)• Sterility (Ch, C, T)• Testicular atrophy (Ch, C, T)• Liver necrosis (YS)• Fragile red blood cells (YS and YSh)• Encephalomalacia (YCh)• Exudative diathesis (YCh)

Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin K– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Slow blood clotting• Subcutaneous hemorrhages

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Thiamin– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Beriberi (H)• Edema (H)• Heart failure (H)• Polynuritis (YCh)• Opistothonus (C)• Anorexia (C)• High blood pyruvic acid (C)• blindness (C)

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Riboflavin– Deficiency Symptoms in animals

• Facial dermatitis (H)• Insomnia (H)• Irritability (H)• Lesions of the eye (S)• Anorexia (S)• Vomiting (S)• Birth of weak or stillborn young (S)• Curled-toe paralysis (YCh)• Diarrhea (YC and YSh)• Loss of hair (YC and YSh)

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Niacin– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Pellegra (H)• Diarrhea (YCh)• Vomiting (YCh)• Dermatitis around the eye (YCh)• Poor growth (A)

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Pyridoidne– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Convulsions (YS)• Anorexia (YS)• Poor growth (YS)• Brown exudate around eyes (YS)• Abnormal feathering (YCh)

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Pantothenic acid– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Poor growth (A)• graying of hair in some species (A)• Dermatitis (YCh)• Embryonic death (YCh)• Loss of hair (YS)• Enteritis (YS)• Goose-stepping (YS)• Incoordination in walking (YS)

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Biotin– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Dermatitis (YCh, YT)• Perosis (YCh, YT)

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Choline– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Perosis (YCh, YT)• Fatty liver (YCh, YT)• Abnormal gait (S)• Reproductive failure in females (S)• Hemorrhagic kidneys (S)• Fatty liver (S)

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Folacin– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Anemia (H)• Gastrointestinal disturbances (H)• Impaired coordination (H)• Anemia in other species

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Cobalamin– Deficiency Symptoms in animals

• Anemia (YCh)• Poor feathering (YCh)• Perosis (YCh)• Low hatchability (Ch and T)• Fatty livers (Ch and T)• Enlarged hearts (Ch and T)• Rough hair coats (S)• Uncoordinated hind leg movements (S)• Anemia (S)• Abortion (S)• Other reproductive problems (S)

Water Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin C– Deficiency Symptoms in animals• Scurvy (H)• No other problems in domestic animals noticed