VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISCEASES TABLE 1. VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISCEASES VitaminDeficiency diseaseSourceFunctionsW a t e r S o l u b l e V i t a m i n s Thiamine (B x )Loss of musclc tone ; general fatigue. Damage to nerves and heart ultimately leads to Beriberi. Yeast, meat unpolished cereals egg yolk, nuts pulses Coenzyme in cellular respiration ; nutrition of nerve cells. Riboflavin (B,)Cracked lips inflammation ofthe tongue. Damage to the eyes. General weakness.Lever, eggs, cheese, milk, green vegetables.Prosthetic group of flavopro-tein enzymes used in electron transport pathway s in cellular res piration and also for growth. Nicotinic acid (Niacin)Prolonged deficiency cause Pellagra (dermatitis). Damage to the skin, lining of intestine and nerves.Meat, yeast, milk, fish pulses whole meal cereals.Converted into nicontinamide, a precursor of NAD and NADP These are the two important coenzymes forredox reactions in the cell Folic acidAnemiaKidney, eggs, liver, green leafy vegetables synthesised by intestinal bacteria Used in the synthesis of coenzymes of nucleic acid metabolism. Also forthe formation of RBCs. Cyanocobalamii (B12)Pernicious anemia, degeneration of nerve fibers ofthe spinal cord.Liver, egg. milk, moulds, fermenting liquors.Coenzyme B| 2 used in shifting hydrogen atoms. Each molecule contains one atom of cobalt, important for the maturation ofRBCs. Ascorbic acid (C)Scurvy, characterised by hemorrhages into the tissues under the skin and from-the gums.Citrus, fruits, berries, tomatoes green peppers and green vegetables, liver, kidney. Coenzyme in synthesis of collagen, formation of intercellular matrix, maturation of RBCs*F a t s S o l u b l e V i t a m i n s Retinol (A)Stunted growth Night blindness Xerophthalmia Dry skin and hairMilk, butter, oils, fish liveroil, carrots and green vegetables Precursor in the systhesis of the 1'ght absorbing pigments of the eye. Stored irrthe* liver. Toxic in large doses. Maintains healthy epithelial tissues.Cholicalciferol and calciferol (D)Sun-ray-vitamin, Osteomalacia and Rickets, abnormal Ca ++ and P04 metabolism resulting in abnormal bone and tooth development Fish liver oil, butter, cheese milk, eggs, steroid, containing foods irradiated ' with U V. light. Synthesised in the human skin upon exposure to ultraviolet light. Toxic in large doses. Essential for healthy bones and teeth Important in calcium and phosphorus me tabolism. Tocopherol (E)SterilityEgg yolk, milk, butter, salad, green vegetables, oils nuts.Maintains healthy muscular system.Naphthoquino ne (K)Muscular dystrophy Slow clotting of bloodSpinach and other green leafy vegetables. Synthesis- ed by intestinal bacteria, fish, liver, fruits. Necessary for the synthe sis ofprothrombin, an es sential agent in the clotting of blood.
