Visualizing Technology Chapter 7 – The Internet Become our fan at Facebook Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Visualizing

Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Visualizing Technology

Visualizing Technology Chapter 7 – The Internet

Become our fan at Facebook


CHAPTER 7

1. Recognize the importance of the Internet.2. Compare types of Internet connections.3. Compare popular Web browsers.4. Demonstrate how to navigate the Web.5. Discuss how to evaluate the credibility of

information found on the Web.6. Identify the certifications and careers related to the

Internet.


CHAPTER 7 – RUNNING PROJECT

•Look for project instructions as you complete each article.•In most chapters, there are a series of questions for you to research.•At the end of each chapter, submit your responses to these questions.


Article 1 – Al Gore Invented the Internet

Objective 1 – Recognize the importance of the Internet.

•Al Gore didn’t actually invent the Internet, but he promoted its development through legislation.

•Al Gore received a Webby Lifetime Achievement Award for his contributions.

•Al Gore was one of the first politicians to promote the potential of the Internet.


How it all got started

•In 1958, President Eisenhower created the Advanced Projects Research Agency (ARPA).

•An early ARPA project was to create a Galactic Network that would connect smaller networks around the world.

•The Internet was developed in the 1960’s as a communications system so that information could travel so that losing one part of the system wouldn’t cripple the whole thing.

•It took about 10 years to develop this original system, called ARPANET.

•The four nodes were located in:•UCLA• Stanford Research Institute•University of Utah•US Santa Barbara


How it all got started, cont.

•In 1979, the National Science Foundation created CSNET to connect the computer science departments at universities using the ARPANET technology.

•In the mid 1802’s, NSF created NSFNET which connected smaller networks and supercomputing centers together.

•In 1995, the first 5 large Network Access Points (NAPs) were established.

•Today, the backbone of the Internet is composed of Internet Exchange points around the world.


World Wide Web

•The Internet is the physical entity, a network of computer networks.

•The Web is one way for information to move across the Internet.

•In 1995, the first 5 large Network Access Points (NAPs) were established.

•Today, the backbone of the Internet is composed of Internet Exchange points around the world.


World Wide Web… cont.

•In 1991, Tim Bernes-Lee and CERN released the Hypertext system known as the World Wide Web.

•Hypertext allows you to navigate by using links (hyperlinks).

•When Windows 95 was released, AOL and Compuserve began offering Internet access.

•Personal computers began to drop in price, and Internet use increased greatly.


Internet2 (I2)

•The Internet is now dominated by commercial and social use.

•Internet2 (I2) is a second Internet designed for education and research.

•The Very High Speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) has evolved into the Internet2 project.

•The backbone of I2 is fiber optics, which allows faster data transfer and less corruption.

•Membership in I2 is limited to educational institutions, museums, libraries, and hospitals.


Key Terms•ARPANET•Hyperlink•Hypertext•Internet•Internet2•Internet backbone•Internet exchange points•World Wide Web

Three things you need to know

1. ARPANET was the original Internet.2. Hypertext is used to navigate the World Wide Web

by using hyperlinks.3. Internet2 is a second Internet designed for

education, research, and collaboration.

Running Project

•Does your school participate in the I2 project? – Ask your instructor.

•If yes, what features does your school use?


Article 2 – Get ConnectedObjective 2 – Compare types of Internet connections

•There are different ways to access the Internet.

•Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are companies that offer different plans to access the Internet.

So, how do you get connected?

•You can research various services that ISPs provide you.

•Internet speed is the data transfer rate measured in kilobits or megabits per second.

•The higher the number, the faster the connection.

•ISPs will charge higher prices for a faster data connection.


Broadband

•The FCC defines broadband as speed in excess of 200 kbps.

•Cable Internet access uses the same wire to carry both TV and Internet signals.

•Cable access can be slowed by neighbors using the Internet at the same time.

Dial-up

•Dial-up access uses a standard phone line to access the Internet.

•Dial-up access is inexpensive, but very slow (56 kbps)


Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

•DSL uses regular phone lines to carry digital signals.

•DSL is slightly slower than a cable connection, but it’s also less expensive.

•The further away you are from the DSL hub, the slower your connection will be.

Fiber Optic Service (FiOS)

•FiOS is the fastest of the 3 broadband services, but it can be very expensive.

•Can carry TV, Internet, and phone access to your home over fiber optic cables.

•FiOS has a top speed up to 50 Mbps.


Wireless Options

WiMAX Mobile

•3G and 4G networks that connect to the internet using cellular networks.•Signals are transmitted by towers, so coverage isn’t universal.•WiMAX is portable, and can be used almost anywhere.

Satellite Internet

•Satellite speeds are similar to DSL, but plans can be very expensive.•Satellite is a good option if other services are not available where you live.

Municipal WiFi

•These WiFi hotspots can be free, or fee-based.•Available in many public locations like; airports, coffee shops, and libraries.


Connecting without a computer

•Most cell phones offer at least a limited ability to connect to the Internet.•Smaller devices generally have small screens and limited keyboards.•25% of the worlds population have a personal computer, but over 60% have cell phones.•According to the FCC, 65% of adults in the United States have home broadband access.•Smaller devices generally have small screens and limited keyboards.•25% of the worlds population have a personal computer, but over 60% have cell phones.


Key Terms•Broadband•Cable Internet Access•Dial-up•DSL•FiOS•Hotspot•Municipal WiFi•Satellite Internet Access•WiFi•WiMAX Mobile Internet


1. Dial-up is the slowest type of internet access.

2. Broadband Internet access includes cable, DSL, FiOS, and WiMAX.

3. The type of Internet access you choose largely depends on where you live.

Running Project

•Research 2 types of internet access available where you live.

•Compare the features of each.


Article 3 – Surf’s UpObjective 3 – Compare popular Web browsers.

However you use the Web, you need the right tools to access it and enjoy the content. In this article, we discuss the software you need.


Browsers

•Basic Web pages are written in hypertext markup language (HTML)

•HTML is the language that defines the structure of a Web page.

•Web browsers are programs that interpret HTML to display Web pages.

•Released in 1993, Mosaic was the first Web browser.

•Mosaic eventually became Netscape Navigator

Internet Explorer

•First released in 1995, Internet Explorer (IE) is the leading Web browser

•IE is included with PCs running Microsoft Windows


Features of Internet Explorer

•Navigation buttons

•Address bar

•Search box

•Favorites bar

•Tabbed browsing

•Command bar

The features above are common in most Web browsers.


Mozilla Firefox

•First released in 2004.

•By 2007, Firefox had 16% of the browser market share.

•Firefox is free and easy to install.

•By 2010, Firefox increased its marketshare to 24%


Google Chrome

•Released in 2008, Chrome currently has about a 6% share.

•The main focus of Chrome is speed.

•Chrome is not as full-featured as IE or Firefox.

Safari

•Safari is the most popular browser on Macs, and has about a 5% share.

•Safari comes bundled with Mac OS X, but is also available for Windows.

Mobile Browsers

•Small screen devices use mobile browsers, or microbrowsers.

•Most full size browsers have mobile versions available.


Configuring your Web browser

Setting the Home Page

•The home page appears when you first open your browser.

•You can set any page you want as yourhome page.

Setting the Search Providers

•You can modify your browser to use the search provider that you prefer.

•Choose Manage Search Providers from the menu.

•Popular search providers include; Google, Bing, Yahoo!, and Ask.com.


Add-ons, Plug-ins, and Toolbars

•These tools can extend the functionality of your browsers.

•The term “extension” can refer to all of these tools.

•A Plug-in is a third-party program.

•An Add-on is created for a specific browser to add additional features.

•Plug-in software is often necessary to view dynamic content, videos, games, and advertisements.

•Installing plug-ins is quick and free.


Add-ons, Plug-ins, and Toolbars

•Check to see which add-ons and plug-ins are installed on your PC in IE.

•Open the Tools menu, and click Manage Add-ons.

•Disable the add-ons that you no longer want.


Key Terms•Add-on•Home page•HTML (hypertext markup language•Mobile browser (microbrowser)•Plug-in•Web browser•Web page


1. The most popular Web browsers are: Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari.

2. You can customize the home page and other settings in most Web browsers.

3. Add-ons and plug-ins extend the functionality of Web browsers.

Running Project

•Research the version and market shares of the top 5 Web browsers.•How has this changed since the article was written?•Are any of the current top 5 not mentioned in this book?


1. Visit www.google.com and create a Google account.

How to…..create a custom home page using iGoogle

2. Go to www.iGoogle.com and login.•The Create your own homepage in under 30 seconds screen is displayed.•Check the boxes next to your interests, and fill out the location information.•Now you have an iGoogle page!

http://www.google.com/

http://www.igoogle.com/


3. You can arrange the various page elements by dragging and dropping.

4. New contend can be added by clicking Add Stuff, in the upper right hand corner.

5. The Gadget Gallery has many gadgets that canbe added to your page.

6. Once you’ve completed the customization, open a new document and explain the steps you took to create your page. Take a screenshot of your page and insert it into the document.


Article 4 – Navigating the Net.Objective 4 – Demonstrate how to navigate the Web.

Web Addresses

•There are 2 ways to move around the Web• Type in the URL (uniform resource locator) of the site you want to visit.• Follow the embedded hyperlinks from one place to the next.

•A website consists of one or more Web pages that are all located in the same place.

•The home page of a website is the starting page of the site.


Parts of a URL

http://www.google.com

http – The protocol that tells your computer what type of page you’re looking at.

.com – Know as the top level domain (TLD) and represents the type of website you’re visiting.

google – The domain name. It precedes the TLD and is sometimes called the second level domain.

www – Represents the computer on the Google domain and is called the third level domain.


Parts of a URL

•Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), coordinates the Internet naming system.

•Computers are assigned unique Internet protocol (IP) addresses.

•IP addresses are composed of numbers.

•The Domain Name System (DNS) was developed to add friendly names that are tied to IP addresses.

•When you enter a URL in your browser, your computer requests the IP address of the computer.


Smart Searching

•Google – verb added dictionary in 2001.•Internet searching – crucial skill. •After performing a search, check the first few available links. If your intended result is not available, it’s time to take a different approach.•Add additional keywords to further narrow your search results.•Use the advanced search tool to filter the results.•Use Boolean operators to refine your search


Search Engines

•Huge databases•Send out spiders or bots•Accept submissions as a way to gather web information•Metasearch engines search other search engines.•It’s important to become familiar with multiple tools to search the web.


Key Terms•Domain name•Domain Name System (DNS)•Internet Protocol (IP) address•Search engine•Top level domain (TLD)•Uniform resource locator (URL)•website

Five things you need to know

1. A web address is also known as a URL.2. TLDs are .com, .edu, .gov, and so on.3. DNS allows us to use URLs instead of IP

addresses to access websites.4. Every node on the Internet has a unique IP

address.5. Search engines are databases that index the

Web.

Running Project

•Research various search engines.•Select 2 that look interesting and enter the name of your favorite sports team into each.•What were the results?•What were the features of each engine?


Article 5 – Would I lie to you?Objective 5 – Discuss how to evaluate the credibility of information

found on the Web.

How do you know what to believe?

You need to be able to evaluate the information that you find on the Web.


Who wrote it?

•Be a skeptic when evaluating information that you find on the Internet, there is a lot of user generated content.

•Study the URL.

•A restricted TLD such as .edu or .gov gives authority to a site, but even that’s not a guarantee that the author is credible.

•Stick to well known sources for your information, or research the authors credentials, if available.

What about the design?

•Study the design of the site

•A well designed site can still have bad information.

•Double-check the information by searching on other sites.


Key Term

•User generated content

Four things you need to know

1. User generated content means anybody can create content on the web.

2. Use the home page, contact information, and About pages of a website to look for credentials of the author or organization.

3. Restricted TLDs include .gov and .edu, and they add some credibility to the content.

4. Good website design doesn’t guarantee credible website content.

Running Project

•Use the guidelines in this article to compare and evaluate the 2 websites below.

www.mypyramid.govwww.foodpyramid.com

http://www.mypyramid.gov/

http://www.foodpyramid.com/


Article 6 – What can I do with knowledge about the Internet?

Objective 6 – Identify the certifications and careers related to the Internet.

Creating a website requires an employee with good technical skills.

Most people look for businesses by searching on the Internet, and a business with a poorly designed website is at a disadvantage.


Web Designer

•A Web designer needs to have a good understanding of Web capabilities to create interesting and interactive websites.

•Some Web designers are self-taught; others have degrees in graphic arts, computerscience, e-business, or marketing.

Web Developer

•A Web developer is a programmer or software engineer that specializes in creating Web applications.

•Technologies that a developer use include; JavaScript, PHP, and AJAX.

•This career generally requires a four-year degree.

•This field will grow rapidly over the 2008-2018 decade.


Telecommuting to Save•Millions of Americans telecommute at least part-time.

•If 50% of the people that could work from home did so 50% of the time, in the United States, we would:

• Save over $650 billion per year• Reduce greenhouse gasses by the equivalent of taking 9

million cars off the road.• Reduce oil imports by 37%

•Sun Microsystems has a telecommuting program that saves over 5,000 kilowatt hours per year for each person who works from home just 2 days per week.


Certified Internet Web Professional (CIW)

•This is a vendor-neutral program of certifications that can show a prospective employer the skills you have.



Chapter 7 Objectives Recap

1. Recognize the importance of the internet.2. Compare types of internet connections.3. Compare popular Web browsers.4. Demonstrate how to navigate the web.5. Discuss how to evaluate the credibility of information

found on the Web.6. Identify the certifications and careers related to the

Internet.


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photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

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Visualizing Technology Chapter 7 – The Internet Become our fan at Facebook Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Visualizing