first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to ac-count for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and ob-jects. Gestalt psychologists argued that these principles exist because the mind has an innate disposition to perceive patterns in the stimulus based on certain rules.

principles of grouping

aka: Gestalt laws of grouping

6

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14 VV VV

VVV

VVVV

V

7

Figure/Ground

- Well defined objects stand out against a less distinct backround.

VV V

VVV

8

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14

9

Similarity- O

bjects that resemble one another are often percieved as a group.

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10

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14 S S

S

11

Proxim

ity- Elements in close range are identified as a set.

12

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14

13

Clo

sure- A

n incomplete object is identified as a w

hole when the view

er’s eye completes m

issing information.

UU

14

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14

AA

AAAAAA

AA

AAAA

AAAAAAA

AAA AA AA

AA

AAAA

A A

AAA A

AA

A A

AA

AAAAAA

AA

AAAA

AAAAAAA

AAA AA AA

AA

AAAA

A A

AAA A

AA

A A

AA

AAAAAA

AA

AAAA

AAAAAAA

AAA AA AA

AA

AAAA

A A

AAA A

AA

A A

15

Co

ntin

uance- Figures tend to be integrated into perceptual w

holes when in alignm

ent and implying a m

utual direction.

16

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14

first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as or-ganized patterns and objects. Gestalt psychologists argued that these principles exist because the mind has an innate disposition to perceive patterns in the stimulus based on certain rules.

symmetric operations

symmetry

18

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14

19

Translation- The figure is m

apped out into equal linear points of correspondence

LLL

L

LL

L

LLL

LLL

LLLL

LL L

LLLLL

LL

LL

LLL L

LL L

LL L

LL

LLL

LLL

LLL

LL

L LL

L L L L L

L L L L LL L L L L

20

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14

O OO OOO

OOO OO O

21

Rotation- T

he figure is turned on a predetermined point. A

ll elements are at a fixed distance from

the axis.

22

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14

23

Reflection- T

he figure is rotated on the plane 180 degrees. The result is a m

irrored image. RR RR

24

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14DD

25

Glide R

eflection- Figure is rotated from the plane 180 degrees, gliding into a new

position.

26

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14

27

Dilation- A

n element changes in size at regular intervals

eeeeeee

ee

eeeeeee e e e

eeee

e

eeee

e

eee

ee

eeee ee

ee

ee e

ee

ee

ee

eeeee

ee e

eeeeeee

eeeee

ee

ee

28

VIS

UA

L O

RD

ER

14