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VISUAL ELEMENTS OF
AN IMAGE
do you want to prepare a delicious meal
well, you're going to need a few things ...
the ingredients
and what shall we do with them?
we have to combine them following certain instructions :
the recipe
and what happens if you want to create an image
It doesn´t matter what it is
a painting
a drawing
a photograph
an illustration
A poster
A logo
you will need
the basic elements
the dot
the line
a plane
form
the
volumetric shape
the texture
the colour the colour the colour the colour the colour the colour the colour
and then
you
will
have
to that
place organize
them the
according images
to
some
laws
the laws of
composition
????? How about we look for those elements in a
couple of images?
plane shape volumetric
shape
line
dot colour
texture
plane shape
line
dot colour
texture
volumetric
shape
It is the smallest and the simplest element of art expression.
It´s first finality is to indicate a position.
It can be represented by different shapes depending on it´s
function.
If the dot is bigger than other shapes around, it´s considered a plane.
Definition:
The dot is not always round.
Expressive Capacity
Dots are very close to each other
Dots are very far from each other
Expressive Capacity
Placing dots together or
further apart we get
volume effects and
shadows in the different
shapes.
Tridimensional capacity of the dot:
We can create a sensation of tridimensional space and volume through:
Superposition
Smaller sizes
Colour difference
Shadows
Colour Intensity
Texture
He invented the pointillism technique,
that means to create solid shapes applying a
big amount of small, pure coloured dots over a
white background.
French artist from the
end of the XIXth century.
One of the most
representative artists of
the Neoimpresionism
THE LINE:
Geometric: The line is formed by the intersection of two planes.
It´s represented in a thin,
thick, continuous, discontinuous way.
Artistic: The brand that makes a point to slip on a surface.
DEFINITION:
It adopts a variety of shapes, colours and textures.
EXPRESSIVE CAPACITY:
It depends on the route of it´s layout, color, thickness, the
sharpness of its edges and uniformity.
A uniform and objective line is
used when you´re looking for
clear information
A modulated and subjective
line has infinite expressive
possibilities
COMPOSITIVE CAPACITY:
When we draw a line on a surface , a visual movement emerges.
VERTICAL LINES
Balance and elevation sensation
HORIZONTAL LINES
Quiet, calm and rest sensation.
OBLIQUE AND
CURVED
Instability and dynamism sensation
Ascending lines gives strength and vitality sensation.
Descending lines create visual effects
of depression and decadence
A spiral radiation gives a rolling motion effect.
A radiation of a dot produces an unit and expansion sensation
2.3.A LINE DEFININING FORMS:
In nature the line is suggested, and through our observation, we can isolate and represent it.
It´s used to
structure the
object’s shapes or changes in
plains.
2.4.LINE AND IT´S RESOURCES
1. Volumetric effects: making groups, combining weave… (through concentration and dispersion)
Using oblique lines to create a sensation of depth.
2. Dynamic effects :
With curved and wavy lines
Juxtaposing and intertwining
Kinetic lines
3. O encaixado???Boxing: It´s the basic
geometric figure drawing closer to its shape.
Line constructive possibilities
• The line, in fine art, is a great versatile instrument and it escapes the standards: takes a wide variety of shapes, colours and textures, its outline can be in infinite ways.
It gives shape to the matter: defines the outline of things
Allows for graphics: ideas, thoughts and feelings
It divides spaces and surfaces
Gives structure to the compositions: ( drafts, sketches...)
Establishes visual trajectories: (attraction to the center of interest)
Produces and creates textures
Produces and creates
tonal gradations
Classes of lines: Straight
• A composition in which straight lines,
are predominant gives a sense of direction and length.
Classes of lines: Curved
• A composition in which curved lines,
are predominant express the sense of movement, grace, softness, and voluptuosity.
Classes of lines: Broken
• A composition in which broken lines,
are predominant express the sense of rupture, and eternity.
Classes of lines: Mixed
• A composition in which mixed lines,
are predominant are formed with fragments of straight and curved lines.
• A composition in which perpendicular
lines, are predominant express the sense of balance, strength, and stability.
Classes of lines: Perpendicular
Classes of lines: Wavy
• A composition in which wavy lines,
are predominant express the sense of movement, rhythm, waves and restlessness.
Classes of lines: Convergent
• A composition in which convergent
lines, are predominant express the sense of distance and escape.
Classes of lines: Radial
• A composition in which radial lines,
are predominant expresses the feeling of explosion, blast and violence.
Characteristics of the line
• A single line may contain different visual information about applying pressure on the tool that performs it, so we`ll get lines with different intensity and thickness (value line).
Characteristics of the line For lines with different intensity and saturation,
you will need to have a pressure sensitive instrument, an instrument able to carry variations in strength or weight functions as it slides on the support.
Characteristics of the line
• Intensity:
It depends on the degree of pressure that we apply on the surface with the drawing tool (pencil graphite, charcoal, chalk, etc.).
Characteristics of the line
• Thickness:
The intensity of the resulting stroke is usually accompanied by a proportional thickness: a graphic gesture with more pressure on the support line, would be stronger and thicker.
THE PLANE:
DEFINITION: graphical representation of a
two dimensional surface.
When a line is closed on itself, it begins to
suggest the idea of a plane.
Geometric: it doesn´t
have thickness or limits.
To perceive them, we limit
them with perceptual lines
that originate a variety of
shapes (pentagons,
triangles) Artistic: different color,
size, shape, texture and
thickness as support of
our graphic-artistic
applications
A plane can be graphically described by several
resources:
Delimited by contour
lines
Colour Contrast
Different textures
EXPRESSIVE CAPACITY
AS SUPPORT:
It´s shape conditions our
work, just because it
produces different visual
messages on it´s own.
AS A GRAPHIC ELEMENT: giving color and texture,
size, transparencies, overlaps, we will create optical
illusions or tactile sensations:
We can create plane, volumetric, geometric,
organic, irregular, mixed, accidental
compositions
THE PLANE AND THE SENSATION
OF TRIDIMENSIONAL SPACE
Size difference
Size difference :
The increase or decrease of
the size of one plane to
another, simulates a spatial
distance between them.
It can suggest visual sensations of distance,
closeness and volume.
Colour difference Colour difference:
Warm colors tend to come
closer and cold colors seem
more distant in space.
It can suggest visual sensations of distance,
closeness and volume.
Texture difference:
The smooth and
homogeneous textures give
sense of distance and the
rougher give sense of
closeness.
It can suggest visual sensations of distance,
closeness and volume.
Superposition Superposition:
When a shape overlaps
partially to another it seems to
be forward.
It can suggest visual sensations of distance,
closeness and volume.
Curvatura o doblez Curvature or fold:
The ondulated contours or
folds with edges give a sense
of volume.
It can suggest visual sensations of distance,
closeness and volume.
Shading Shading:
The shading of surfaces
creates a feeling of
volume.
It can suggest visual sensations of distance,
closeness and volume.
COMPOSITIVE CAPACITY
Basic element to divide and compose
the space
If they are ordered in a
vertical and horizontal
direction they will produce a
feeling of quiet
The disposition and
the qualities of the
regular and closed flat
planes, generate a
sense of order and
quiet.
If they appear in diagonal
directions, the visual effect
is of movement.
The curved, overlapped,
irregular and shading
planes suggest an effect
of depth and dynamism.
Basic element to divide and compose
the space
PLANE IN THE SPACE:
SCULPTURE AND
ARCHITECTURE
In three-dimensional works we should consider
concepts such as fullness and emptiness, hollowness
and solid, concave and convex, the flat open and
closed ...
In architecture, the plane is
fundamentally involved in
creating indoor and
outdoor spaces.