VISUAL DISPLAYSVISUAL DISPLAYS

By: Kem OkonkwoBy: Kem Okonkwo

Regina LeaksRegina Leaks

DefinitionDefinition

Visual Display: Visualization is any Visual Display: Visualization is any technique for creating images, diagrams or technique for creating images, diagrams or animation to communicate a message.animation to communicate a message.

Visualization through visual imagery has Visualization through visual imagery has been an effect way to communicate both been an effect way to communicate both abstract and concrete ideas.abstract and concrete ideas.

HISTORYHISTORY

Early known European Early known European cave paintings date to cave paintings date to 32,000 years ago. 32,000 years ago. Purpose of cave painting Purpose of cave painting is not known.is not known.

Theories describe cave Theories describe cave painting as a way of painting as a way of transmitting information transmitting information and for religious and and for religious and ceremonial purposes.ceremonial purposes.

HIEROGLYPHSHIEROGLYPHS

Formal writing system Formal writing system used by the ancient used by the ancient Egyptians. They Egyptians. They contained a contained a combination of combination of logographic and logographic and alphabetic elements.alphabetic elements.Circa 3200 BC, Circa 3200 BC, earliest known earliest known hieroglyphic hieroglyphic inscription.inscription.

Examples of Visual Display TodayExamples of Visual Display Today

Examples include screens on ATMs, ticket Examples include screens on ATMs, ticket vending machines and information kiosks, vending machines and information kiosks, and information displays in stations and and information displays in stations and airports. airports.

Others include: Plasma, LCD, digital Others include: Plasma, LCD, digital camera, traffic lights and much more.camera, traffic lights and much more.

Imagine Graphics (UK) Airport Flight Imagine Graphics (UK) Airport Flight Status BoardStatus Board

Air Traffic Control Tower DisplayAir Traffic Control Tower Display

Features of LCD TVFeatures of LCD TV

1366 x 768 resolution.1366 x 768 resolution.

16:9 widescreen16:9 widescreen

1000:1 contrast ratio1000:1 contrast ratio

HDMI, Component video and VGA inputs.HDMI, Component video and VGA inputs.

Some come with 2 or more built in Some come with 2 or more built in speakers.speakers.

Advantage of LCD Advantage of LCD

No burn-in of static images.No burn-in of static images.

Cooler running temperature.Cooler running temperature.

Increased image brightness.Increased image brightness.

Longer display life (60,000 hrs)Longer display life (60,000 hrs)

Lighter weight.Lighter weight.

Disadvantage of LCDDisadvantage of LCD

Lower contrast ratio.Lower contrast ratio.

Not as good at tracking motion.Not as good at tracking motion.

More expensive.More expensive.

Not as common in larger screen sizes Not as common in larger screen sizes above 42”.above 42”.

Plasma Television: The very first prototype Plasma Television: The very first prototype for a plasma display monitor was invented for a plasma display monitor was invented in 1964 by Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, in 1964 by Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, and Robert Willson. and Robert Willson. 

Features of a Plasma TV.Features of a Plasma TV.

1365 x 768 resolution.1365 x 768 resolution.

16:9 widescreen.16:9 widescreen.

8000:1 contrast ratio.8000:1 contrast ratio.

1000 cd/m2 brightness.1000 cd/m2 brightness.

Advantages of a Plasma TVAdvantages of a Plasma TV

Larger screen size availability.Larger screen size availability.

Better contrast ratio.Better contrast ratio.

Better color accuracy.Better color accuracy.

Better motion tracking.Better motion tracking.

Disadvantage of a Plasma TVDisadvantage of a Plasma TV

More susceptible to burn-in if static More susceptible to burn-in if static images.images.

Generate more heat.Generate more heat.

Do not perform as well at higher altitude .Do not perform as well at higher altitude .

Shorter display life span (30,000 hrs)Shorter display life span (30,000 hrs)

The very first The very first traffic lighttraffic light was a revolving was a revolving gas lantern with red and green lights gas lantern with red and green lights installed in a London intersection in 1868. installed in a London intersection in 1868. A later version of the traffic light based on A later version of the traffic light based on railroad signals was installed in Detroit, railroad signals was installed in Detroit, Michigan, in 1920. Michigan, in 1920. Garrett Augustus MorganGarrett Augustus Morgan to thank for the to thank for the modern version and first patent of this modern version and first patent of this traffic-stopping invention. traffic-stopping invention.

Format of Display TextFormat of Display Text

Legibility: Text should be displayed using high Legibility: Text should be displayed using high contrast color combinations. contrast color combinations.

Blocks: showing blocks of text on an information Blocks: showing blocks of text on an information board for a few second is much easier to readboard for a few second is much easier to read

Size: Adjustment of size is necessary, with good Size: Adjustment of size is necessary, with good proportion with clear character shape.proportion with clear character shape.

No Flicker: Add-on assistive devices shouldn’t No Flicker: Add-on assistive devices shouldn’t cause screen to flicker with a frequency > than 2 cause screen to flicker with a frequency > than 2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz.Hz and lower than 55 Hz.

Navigating the MachineNavigating the Machine

Visual instructions on the screen are the Visual instructions on the screen are the main guide for the user.main guide for the user.Choice of pictograms and icons should be Choice of pictograms and icons should be considered carefully.considered carefully.The moving components should be The moving components should be compatible with the direction of movement compatible with the direction of movement that occurs naturally e.g. 'up' results in an that occurs naturally e.g. 'up' results in an upward movement and increase in upward movement and increase in numerical value. numerical value.

Use of ColorUse of Color

Often used to highlight or code Often used to highlight or code information. No more than five colors information. No more than five colors should be used in any display.should be used in any display. Bright colors can produce glare, which Bright colors can produce glare, which might distract the user and cause the eyes might distract the user and cause the eyes to become tired. to become tired. Color Blindness is more common in males Color Blindness is more common in males than in females. Therefore excessive use than in females. Therefore excessive use of color can also be distracting.of color can also be distracting.