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Visual Communication: PowerPoint Elements of Design ( Part I ) Russ Wills PowerPoint is often used in the corporate world to present graphs and charts during business meetings. These visual aids can certainly aid a presentation. In education, however, PowerPoint can be used far more effectively. To communicate to students through images, faculty and staff of a college must learn at least the basics of visual communication. This essay will provide an introduction to visual communication. Consider the following two PowerPoint slides. Which slide would be more likely to set a powerful tone for a psychology class lecture on the emotional effects of music? Slide 1: Introduction to Psychology of Music

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Page 1: Visual Communication: PowerPoint - Home New - … Visual Communication-PowerPoint Part II Created Date 1/23/2014 3:38:38 AM

Visual Communication: PowerPoint Elements of Design ( Part I ) Russ  Wills  

!PowerPoint  is  often  used  in  the  corporate  world  to  present  graphs  and  charts  during  business  meetings.  These  visual  aids  can  certainly  aid  a  presentation.  In  education,  however,  PowerPoint  can  be  used  far  more  effectively.  To  communicate  to  students  through  images,  faculty  and  staff  of  a  college  must  learn  at  least  the  basics  of  visual  communication.  This  essay  will  provide  an  introduction  to  visual  communication.  

Consider  the  following  two  PowerPoint  slides.  Which  slide  would  be  more  likely  to  set  a  powerful  tone  for  a  psychology  class  lecture  on  the  emotional  effects  of  music?  

!Slide  1:  Introduction  to  Psychology  of  Music  

 

!

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Slide  2:  Introduction  to  Psychology  of  Music  

 

The  first  slide  sample  is  taken  directly  from  a  PowerPoint  2013  template.  The  second  slide  is  custom  made.    

The  first  slide  employs  a  safe  layout,  consistent  colors,  has  a  visual  musical  theme,  and  has  the  advantage  of  being  included  with  PowerPoint  2013,  saving  the  presenter  a  great  deal  of  time  and  energy.  The  second  slide  visually  demonstrates  the  emotional  impact  of  music.  The  emotion  of  Lonnie  Youngblood,  the  singer  in  the  photo,  pours  out  of  the  slide.  The  second  slide  would  be  a  far  more  powerful  introduction  to  a  lecture  on  the  emotional  impact  of  music.    

!!

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To  begin  learning  about  visual  communication,  an  introduction  to  the  elements  of  design  is  important.  Certain  visual  elements  provide  a  means  of  communication  for  nearly  any  visual  message.  These  elements  include:    

• Line  • Space  • Size  • Shape  • Color  • Value  • Texture  !Perfectly  straight  lines  are  rare  in  nature.  Most  perfectly  straight  lines  are  man-­‐‑made.  One  of  the  few  straight  lines  in  nature  is  only  seen  from  the  beach.  The  horizon  is  a  straight  horizontal  line,  and  aside  from  extreme  weather  is  stable  and  unchanging.  Other  common  experiences  with  horizontal  lines  include  the  floor  and  our  bodies  while  we  sleep.  Straight  horizontal  lines  are  therefore  often  associated  with  stability,  peacefulness,  and  rest.    

Vertical  lines  have  similar  associations.  When  my  family  first  moved  into  our  current  house,  there  was  an  evergreen  tree  growing  against  an  awning  and  causing  damage  to  the  guSer.  One  of  my  first  jobs  after  painting  and  moving  the  furniture  was  to  cut  down  this  tree  before  it  did  further  damage  to  the  guSer  or  the  awning.  My  biggest  obstacle  was  that  I  had  no  power  tools.  (This  past  summer  I  refinished  my  basement,  but  at  that  point  I  was  lucky  to  have  screwdriver.)  I  purchased  a  hand  saw  from  a  local  hardware  store  and  got  to  work.  After  about  thirty  minutes  of  cuSing  I  was  sore  and  exhausted,  and  in  spite  of  the  huge  cut  I  made  in  the  tree  I  was  not  even  close  to  seeing  it  come  down.  I  spent  more  time  the  next  day;  still  no  results.  After  several  more  aSempts  my  Irish  stubbornness  finally  kicked  in  and  I  made  up  my  mind  that  either  the  tree  or  me  would  be  down  that  night.  And  it  was  not  going  to  be  me.  I  cut  so  deep  into  the  tree  from  both  sides  that  I  could  not  imagine  how  it  was  still  standing,  but  even  then  I  could  not  push  the  tree  over.  After  cuSing  roughly  90%  through  the  tree,  the  tree  was  still  standing,  refusing  to  even  bend  when  I  leaned  on  it.  I  actually  had  not  cut  nearly  all  the  way  through  the  entire  tree  before  it  came  down,  and  even  then  I  had  to  physically  hang  from  the  rope  I  had  tied  to  it  before  it  began  to  give.  Before  that  job,  I  had  no  clue  how  sturdy  a  tree  is.  I  have  a  whole  appreciation  for  hurricanes  that  can  blow  over  trees  like  nothing.    

Trees  are  vertical  lines.  Vertical  lines  convey  strength  and  stability.  Vertical  lines  are  not  easily  moved.  

While  vertical    and  horizontal  lines  are  similar,  especially  in  their  suggestion  of  stability,  vertical  lines  are  the  opposite.  If  a  person  is  standing  straight,  it  is  generally  not  easy  to  knock  the  person  over.  If  I  lean  far  enough  to  one  side,  however,  it  won’t  take  much  effort  at  all  to  knock  me  over.  I  might  fall  over  on  my  own.  Vertical  lines  are  not  stable.  These  lines  create  visual  tension  and  help  to  create  a  sense  of  movement  in  the  composition.  (Visual  tension,  by  the  way,  is  a  good  thing.  More  will  be  said  about  visual  tension  in  the  future.)  

Consider  what  line  communicates  the  following  image:  

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Repetition  of  dark  vertical  lines  communicate  strength.  The  dark,  wide,  solid  horizontal  line  communicates  strength  and  stability.  The  dark  value  of  these  horizontal  and  vertical  lines,  combined  with  our  experience  with  the  type  of  metal  that  forms  these  lines,  reinforce  the  idea  of  a  strong,  stable  barrier.  Yet  there  is  also  a  strong,  dark  vertical  line  of  the  same  material  visually  cuSing  through  these  strong  lines.  This  important  line  helps  to  create  movement  in  the  image.  In  addition,  there  are  bright,  curved  lines  behind  these  bars  formed  by  nature.  These  diagonals  also  visually  cut  through  the  stable  barrier.  Are  the  barriers  keeping  the  viewer  away  from  nature?  Is  the  barrier  keeping  nature  away  from  the  viewer?  Either  way,  there  is  a  strong  tension  created  in  the  image  separating  the  natural  from  the  man-­‐‑made.  The  tension  created  by  the  visual  elements  is  one  of  the  dominant  ideas  communicated  in  this  image.    

Learning  to  see  and  to  use  line  in  this  way  to  communicate  ideas  is  one  step  toward  effective  visual  communication.    

In  your  day  to  day  travels,  where  do  you  see  lines  in  nature?  Where  do  you  see  man-­‐‑made  lines?  How  thin  or  think  are  those  lines?  Are  the  lines  vertical?  Horizontal?  Diagonal?  Some  combination  of  these?    

Examine  these  lines  for  awhile  as  you  see  them.  What  do  these  lines  communicate  to  you?  What  emotions  do  they  evoke?  Would  you  use  these  lines  to  communicate  peacefulness?  Excitement?  Joy?  Sorrow?  Science?  Philosophy?  Life?  Death?  How  can  you  use  line  visually  to  communicate  ideas  in  your  next  lecture?