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Visual Arguments, Evidence & Peer Editing Benchmark
English 255 – Tosspon
Meeting 9
EAWR Chpt 14, 16 and FFN Chpt 8-9
Magnum Photos
Visual Arguments: We are a visual culture
Primary way we receive information. Pay attention to
What we need/what we are interested in What grabs our attention
Visual Arguments: We are a visual culture Visual media compete to send us their
message. Effects Choices we make Things we buy How we perceive
ourselves
There’s a thin line between love and obsession. Drive it.
Asking the Right Questions
What do I see when I look at the image? How is color used? What is the significance of the layout? What are the relative sizes of the objects that
compose the image? What is the role of text (language)? Where did I first see this image? Who is the target audience? What is the purpose of this image? What is the message?
Color
Most of the media representations you see around you make careful use of color. Is the eye drawn to a certain spot on the page by
the strength of a color? the contrast of colors? the absence of color?
How is color being used to capture your eye and keep it on a certain part of the visual?
Source: USA Today
Source: USA Today
Layout
Layout of objects on the page. What is your eye drawn to first because of its
position? Sometimes focal point will be right in the center
obvious Sometimes central image or message is in upper left
hand corner of page Because we read left to right, tend to look there first
Magnum Photos
Size
Size of people and objects in an image helps designer communicate his/her message. Our eyes are drawn to largest image first.
Text
Sometimes image is powerful enough on its own. Images speak for themselves
Marines raising flag at Iwo Jima
Sometimes text is included.
Text
How much text is there? Where is it located? How big is the type? Is more than one font used? Does the text actually deliver the message? Does it enhance the message?
Source: USA Today
Location
To properly evaluate an image, reader must know where the image appeared. Billboard? On side of a bus? In the pages of a magazine?
TeenPeople? National Geographic?
On a t-shirt?
Target Audience
Need to take into consideration for the image to reach its target audience. For whom is this image intended? What are the characteristics of this target
audience of viewers? What is the age range? What is their socioeconomic status? What work do they do? Where and how do they live?
http://www.whitehouse.gov/president/gallery/photoessay/
http://www.time.com/time/photoessays
Purpose
Every image has a purpose. What is this for?
Message
What is the message of this image? Challenges the viewers to probe beyond the
obvious visual effect to find the message. wear this drink this click here think this way feel this emotion affirm this value
http://www.themeatrix.com/
Fast Food Nation Quiz Analyze the cover of Fast
Food Nation Choose and/or develop a
different image to represent Fast Food Nation Chpts 8-9, what would that image look like? Describe it.
Deliverable: 1 pg per Deliverable: 1 pg per group, description. group, description. Including the image is Including the image is optional, but encouraged. optional, but encouraged.
Assignment 2: Final Benchmark Essay You must choose (or design) a graphic/image
to accompany your final paper. It is part of the grade.
Consider the colors, the layout, the text use (if any!). What are you trying to convey with the image.
Evidence
Chapt 16, EAWR
Sources
Primary vs Secondary
Primary sources original documents,
photographs, interviews, and surveys, etc.
Secondary sources already been processed or
interpreted by someone else.
Reports, articles, text books,
Quantitative vs. Qualitative
Quantitative analysis of numerical data.
Qualitative analysis of data such as
words (e.g., from interviews), pictures (e.g., video), or objects (e.g., an artifact).
Primary Sources
Observation Interviews Surveys (be careful here – statistical validity
and rights of privacy…)
Secondary Sources
Internet sources Most reliable: .edu/.gov, least reliable: .com/.org
Articles
Using Sources: Quote if you… can't say it any better and the author's words are
particularly brilliant, witty, edgy, distinctive, a good illustration of a point you're making, or otherwise interesting.
are using a particularly authoritative source and you need the author's expertise to back up your point.
are analyzing diction, tone, or a writer's use of a specific word or phrase.
are taking a position that relies on the reader's understanding exactly what another writer says about the topic.
Paraphrase to introduce a writer's
position but his or her original words
aren't special enough to quote.
you are supporting a particular point and need to draw on a certain place in a text that supports your point for example, when one
paragraph in a source is especially relevant.
to present a writer's view on a topic that differs from your position or that of another writer; you can then refute writer's
specific points in your own words after you paraphrase.
To comment on a particular example that another writer uses.
to present information that's unlikely to be questioned.
Using Outside InfoSummarizing overview of an entire text,
or at least a lengthy section of a text
providing background information
grounding your own argument
mentioning a source as a counter-argument
incorporate a large number of sources in a small space
Statistics, data, charts, graphs, photographs, illustrations
Do not speak for themselves: must introduce
open to interpretation. Always, cite the origins of
your evidence if you didn't produce the
material you are using yourself.
How do I know if I need more evidence?1. Make a reverse outline (once you are
finished writing)
2. Color code your paper. Should NOT be more than 20% other people’s words
3. Get a partner to ask questions about the paper
Peer Revision/Review/Editing
Ms. Elizabeth Sherrell-Smith will supervise
Complete the peer revision handout READ aloud first Review assignment: did the author meet all of the
requirements?
Gather in classroom after next break.