Vision of the Excess Electricity and Power-to-Gas in

©Francois Marechal -IPESE-IGM-STI-EPFL 2014

IPESEIndustrial Process and

Energy Systems Engineering

Vision of the Excess Electricity and Power-to-Gas in Energyscope

Prof François Marechal EPFL Valais Wallis

CH-1950 Sion

EPFL, CENStefano Moret January 21st, 2019 !2

What is energyscope ?The energyscope.ch project

Sources: [1] Swiss Federal Council. Perspectives Énergétiques 2050 - Analyse Des Variantes d’offre d’électricité Du Conseil Fédéral. May 2011. [2] Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE). Swiss electricity statistics 2011. DE/FR. Tech. rep. Bern, Switzerland, 2012.

Elec

trici

ty G

Wh/

year



Fukushima, March 25th, 2011


Elec

trici

ty G

Wh/

year



Fukushima, March 25th, 2011


Elec

trici

ty G

Wh/

year

How to fill this gap by 2035?


Energyscope

• Online platform energyscope.ch[1]

• Excel version of the model[2]

The energyscope.ch project

[1] S. Moret et al. “Swiss-EnergyScope.Ch: A Platform to Widely Spread Energy Literacy and Aid Decision-Making”. In: Chemical Engineering Transactions 39 (2014), pp. 877–882 [2] V. Codina Gironès et al. “Strategic Energy Planning for Large-Scale Energy Systems: A Modelling Framework to Aid Decision-Making”. In: Energy 90, Part 1 (Oct. 2015), pp. 173–186.

Dr V. Codina Gironès, EPFL

Choose options

Compare results


Energyscope

• Energy-based model

• “Snapshot” modeling approach: optimization of the system in a target future year

• Simplified yet complete energy system: inclusion of heating and mobility ! could complement more complex models

• Multiperiod formulation: seasonality of demand and energy storage

• Concise structure and low computational time ! uncertainty applications

A new mixed integer linear programming version

Sources: [1] S. Moret, F. Babonneau, M. Bierlaire, and F. Maréchal. “Decision support for strategic energy planning: a complete robust optimization framework ”, 2018 (Under review)


Energyscope

Why yet another energy model?[1]

• Most models are not open-source or are – at least partly – commercial

• Most model tend to focus only (or mostly) on the electricity sector

• Need of optimizing both investment & operation strategy in the system

• Complex formulation and high computational time ! difficult to consider uncertainty

Mixed Integer Linear Programming model : https://www.github.com/stefanomoret/SES_MILP

Sources: [1] S. Moret, F. Babonneau, M. Bierlaire, and F. Maréchal. “Decision support for strategic energy planning: a complete robust optimization framework ”, 2018 (Under review)

https://www.github.com/stefanomoret/SES_MILP




•Not Times-Markal – Transition is not modelled – Not economic equilibrium – Economic drivers are too uncertain •Not energyplan – Seasonality is considered – Optimisation instead of rule based – Solution generator instead of simulation • Fast Scenario generator

What is not energyscope!6


EnergyscopeApplication to Switzerland

Sources: [1] S. Moret, “Strategic energy planning under uncertainty”, 2017

• 20-year time horizon ! 2050 as target year

• Additional constraints for CH

• Model complexity: • 1633 decision variables • 118 binaries • 56 integers • Solved in seconds


EnergyscopeModel validation fitted with the SFOE data as reference

Sources: [1] S. Moret, “Strategic energy planning under uncertainty”, 2017

Model validation: Switzerland, year 2011




• Use of biomass to further decrease the CO2 emissions

• Deployment of PV panels

• 50% electricity is in excess during summer months. => seasonal storage is needed (& dams are not sufficient)

[email protected]

Integrating in the energy system

24/10/16

!9

NEP scenario




[email protected]

• BIO-SNG = operating 100%

• Power 2 gas takes the excess => new flexible system design

Wood Biomass for Renewable Electricity Storage

24/10/16

!10

Summer Mode

Winter Mode

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

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6000MW

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Elec. demand (GWh)Elec. supply (GWh)Wood in (MW)Elec. in (MW)Gas out (MW)

Installed power total WOOD (MW) = 1215

Electrolysis (MW) = 1755 Gas Production (MW) = 2065

SNG production (PJ) = 42.4 Wood consumption (PJ) = 38.3 Electricity storage (PJ) = 17.8

100 MW

75 MW

100 MW

170 MW

144 MW

Codina Gironès, Víctor, et al. "On the assessment of the CO2 mitigation potential of woody biomass." Frontiers in Energy Research 5 (2018): 37.




[email protected]

Annual Total Cost [109 CHF]

Annual

CO2 E

missions [106

kg C

O2-e

quiv.]

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

26 27 28 29 30

NEP

PM

BAU

38 39 40

F1P1 F1P4 F1P2 F1P3

• Design of new energy scenarios. Minimizing energy dependency of Switzerland : i.e. minimise the CO2 emissions

Wood Biomass for the energy transition

24/10/16

!11

New Energy Policies Scenario for 2050 as reference

100 PJ used

-38 % CO2 + 23 % cost

x4 x4 x1.52050 BAU scenario

2050 NEP scenario

-63 % CO2




[email protected]

• Design of new energy scenarios. Goal: Minimizing energy dependency of Switzerland + Not allowing import and export of electricity.

Wood Biomass for Renewable Electricity Storage

24/10/16

!12

• Increasing PV installed capacity. • Using of bio-SNG & electrolysis for electricity storage.

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200

500

1000

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2500

PV installed capacity [GW]Annualized

investment cost [109 C

HF]

Elec PVChemical ConverisonDecentralized HPAdvanced Cogen.Decentralized Boiler

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 208.2

8.4

8.6

8.8

9

9.2

9.4

9.6

9.8

Annual

CO2 Em

issions [106

kgC

O−equiv.]

1

2

3

4

100 PJ biomass used

x2 - x1.5 x2/3

Codina Gironès, Víctor, et al. "On the assessment of the CO2 mitigation potential of woody biomass." Frontiers in Energy Research 5 (2018): 37.



Energy Systems EngineeringPower2gas perpsectives

!13

Figure 2: Conceptual Scheme of Boiler Design: plot (a) - Case I, plot (b) - Case II, plot (c) - Case III, plot(d) - Case IV

15

I II

III IV

6700 h/year

2000 h/year

Storing renewable electricity : Power to X


Energyscope & Energy storage : competing optionsApplication to Switzerland: JASM project


Energyscope

Latest developments: hourly resolution, storage (daily & seasonal, thermal & electrical), electric mobility (V2G)

Typical days version when hourly resolution needed

Sources: [1] G. Limpens et al, in preparation


EnergyscopeApplication to Switzerland: JASM project

Cost optimal

CO2 optimal

2015

Heat pumps

ElectrolysisGaseification

Synthetic fuels in public transport

]


EnergyscopeApplication to Switzerland: JASM project towards low CO2 emissions Switzerland

RERE

94 TWh


EnergyscopeCO2 emissions reduction

Sources: [1] Xiang Li et al, in preparation

cost uncertainty of the options


Generating different optionsDifferent assumptions leads to different solutions

6000 GWh Hydro storage storage 4 kt CO2/year

Electrical mobility


Power2gas energyscope vision




• EnergySCOPE is a solution generator –allows to show competing/synergetic/enabling options –allows to test assumptions

Conclusions!21

Documents

Vision of the Excess Electricity and Power-to-Gas in