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Visarion Puiu

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Visarion Puiu(born Victor Puiuon 27 February 1879,Pacani,Romania- 10 August 1964,Viels-Maisons,France)was ametropolitan bishopof theRomanian Orthodox Church.

After attending primary school in his native town, Puiu studied at seminaries inRoman(1893-

1896) andIai(1896-1900), and later at theBucharestFaculty of Theology, where he received alicentiatein 1905. On 22 December 1905, he became a monk at Roman, being ordained adeacon

three days later. From January 1907 to July 1908, he studied at theKyiv-Mohyla Academy.

From 1905 to 1908, he was, as a deacon, attached to theCathedral of the Holy Voievods,Roman,while in 1908 he was transferred to theCathedral of Saint Nicholas, Galai.There, on 6

December 1908, he was ordained a priest, being elevated to the dignity ofArchimandriteon 1

January 1909. Three months later, he was named director of the Galai Theological Seminary andVicar of the Archbishopric of the Lower Danube. On 1 September 1918, he became director of

the Chiinu Theological Seminary, being namedExarchofBessarabia's monasteries two

months later (soon after that province united with theKingdom of Romania).[1][2]

On 17 March 1921, Puiu was elected Bishop of Arge. He was consecrated in that position on 25

March by Metropolitan ofWallachiaMiron Cristeain theBucharest Metropolitan Cathedraland

invested into the office that day by KingFerdinand.Two days later he was installed in the

episcopal chair atCurtea de Arge Cathedral;he remained there for two years. In 1923 hebecame bishop ofHotin,where he remained until 1935. During his time in that position, he

undertook a number of actions to try and improve the lives of the inhabitants of theBliarea,his seat being in that city. On 17 October of that year, he was elected Archbishop ofCernuiand

Metropolitan ofBukovina,being seated on 10 November. In May 1940, he left that position and

retired to a monastery (Puiu later claimed that this was due to a conflict with KingCarol IIdue tothe latter's alleged attempts to take Bukovina's riches for himself). While Metropolitan of

Bukovina, Puiu had tens of churches changed from wooden construction to concrete, repaired a

few hundred others, established eateries for foresters, and gave free wood to peasants (which

helped rebuild the ski resort ofVatra Dornei).[3]

Romania entered World War IIin 1941, and Puiu served as Metropolitan ofTransnistriaatOdessafrom 16 November 1942 to 14 December 1943. There, he reopened churches closed bytheSovietauthorities, helped the needy, the poor and children, and helped educate people in the

Orthodox faith.[3]In August 1944, he was inZagreb(present-dayCroatia)for the ordination of an

Orthodox bishop there, accompanied by a handful of Romanian priests. He sent the priests backto Romania, sure they would be safe, but decided to flee to the west, fearing punishment from the

Soviets for his wartime religious activity in Transnistria.[1]Indeed, a pro-CommunistRomanian

People's Tribunalsentenced him to death in absentiafor war crimes on 21 February 1946.[3]

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For several years Puiu wandered around Europe, living for short periods inVienna,Germany,

Switzerland,Venice,DraguignanandAuvergne,before settling for good in Viels-Maisons, a

village on theMarne River96 km east ofParis.At one point during these travels, self-

proclaimedIron GuardleaderHoria Simaoffered Puiu the post of Minister of Religious Affairsin his government in exile, but the latter declined.[1]

From 1948 to 1958 Puiu headed the Romanian Orthodox Church in France. Still a bishop, his

church was subordinated to theROCORMetropolitan inNew York City,and he used the

Romanian Orthodox parish in Paris (established in the 19th century) as his cathedral. On 28February 1950, the Holy Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church in Bucharest, headed by

PatriarchJustinian Marinaand under pressure from theCommunistauthorities,[2]deposed Puiu

from his ecclesiastical position; he was rehabilitated on 25 September 1990. Among the reasons

cited for this action was an allegedly pro-Catholic1925 article he had written; for this, he wasbranded an "imperialist agent".[1]

As of 1 April 1958, Puiu disbanded the Paris Archdiocese he had established a decade earlier.

There were three main reasons for this action. First, its goal of uniting all Romanian Orthodoxbelievers in Western Europe completely failed, as it never had more than one parish. Second, the

church faced a constant clergy and financial shortfall. Third, its subordination to ROCOR

isolated it within the wider Orthodox world. On top of all this, the church was riven by thepolitical factionalism that marked the Romanian exile community. Thus, the church was returned

to the priests who had led it before Puiu's arrival, and the bishop retired to Viels-Maisons, where

he died six years later.[1]He was buried in that village but later moved toMontparnasseCemetery,where he lies today.[2]

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