VIRUS AND VARIETIES – 2009 UPDATE

2010 Empire State Expo

VIRUS AND VARIETIES – 2009 UPDATE

2010 Empire State Expo

Steve Reiners, Jim BallersteinSteve Reiners, Jim Ballerstein

Associate Professor of Horticultural SciencesAssociate Professor of Horticultural Sciences

NYSAES, Cornell University, GenevaNYSAES, Cornell University, Geneva

sr43@cornell.edusr43@cornell.edu

NYS Yield losses since 2001 more than $10 million – most NYS Yield losses since 2001 more than $10 million – most severe in odd numbered years with up to 90% loss!severe in odd numbered years with up to 90% loss!

20012001

20032003

20052005

20072007

20092009

Snap Bean IssuesSnap Bean Issues

• Insecticides/seed treatments not effectiveInsecticides/seed treatments not effective

• Virus effects are compounded by plant stress Virus effects are compounded by plant stress - temperature, soil moisture- temperature, soil moisture

• Resistant varieties are long term solutionResistant varieties are long term solution

• Until then, determine level of tolerance in Until then, determine level of tolerance in existing varietiesexisting varieties

At the request of the NY Vegetable Research Council!

Table 1. Snap bean varieties included in 2008 and 2009 CMV trial.

2008 and 2009 Trial Varie ty Sour c e Type Hys tyle Harris Moran Large Huntingt on Rogers Large Weapon Semin is Large Summit Se neca Large Pe nsa c ola Rogers Large Caprice Harris Moran 4-si ev e EX 15350856 Semin is Fres h, 4 -S ieve Ex 1267*/ Carte ge na

Semin is Whole

Pike Harris Moran 2-S ieve

2008 Trial O nly HMX 5101 Harris Moran Large HMX 7115 Harris Moran Large Titan Semin is Large BSC 8 41 Bro therto n Large Spar tac us Semin is Large Emba s s y Rogers 4-S ieve HMX 5105 Harris Moran 4-S ieve Sa hara Harris Moran 4-S ieve I g lo o Pure Line 4-S ieve SB 4 352 Rogers Large 4 -S ieve Masai Rogers Whole

2009 Trial O nly Banga Semin is Whole *EX 1267 was nam e d Carteg ena for 2009

2008 Greenhouse evaluation of foliar response to CMV2008 Greenhouse evaluation of foliar response to CMV

Planted May 7Planted May 7

Inoculated with virus on May 21Inoculated with virus on May 21

Readings taken on June 6Readings taken on June 6

RatingRating Visual SymptomsVisual Symptoms 11 Symptoms absent to very mildSymptoms absent to very mild 22 Mild chlorosis, slight twisting, Mild chlorosis, slight twisting, 33 Twisted leaves, epinastyTwisted leaves, epinasty 44 Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leavesBlisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves 55 Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis

Variety Source Rating

Masai Rogers 3.5

Pike Harris Moran 3.0

Ex 1267 Seminis 2.7

Variety Source Rating

Weapon Seminis 4.7

Titan Seminis 4.7

Hystyle Harris Moran 4.5

Spartacus Seminis 4.3

BSC 841 Brotherton 4.0

HMX 5101 Harris Moran 3.6

HMX 7115 Harris Moran 3.2

Huntington Rogers 3.0

Summit Seneca Not tested

Pensacola Rogers Not tested

Variety Source Rating

Caprice Harris Moran 4.0

Embassy Rogers 3.3

HMX 5105 Harris Moran 3.3

Sahara Harris Moran 3.3

EX 15350856 Seminis 3.3

Igloo Pure Line 2.8

SB 4352 Rogers 2.3

RatingRating Visual SymptomsVisual Symptoms1 - Symptoms absent to very mild1 - Symptoms absent to very mild2 - Mild chlorosis, slight twisting2 - Mild chlorosis, slight twisting

3 - Twisted leaves, epinasty3 - Twisted leaves, epinasty4 - Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves4 - Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves

5 - Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis5 - Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis

Field Trials, ’08 and ‘09 – Field Trials, ’08 and ‘09 –

Planting One – June 25Planting One – June 25

Planting Two – July 16Planting Two – July 16

Hystyle plants grown in greenhouse and inocuated with CMV, used to provide inoculum for field. Half of field plot inoculated with CMV at the first trifoliate stage, then covered with Hystyle plants grown in greenhouse and inocuated with CMV, used to provide inoculum for field. Half of field plot inoculated with CMV at the first trifoliate stage, then covered with floating row cover. Five feet of row harvested.floating row cover. Five feet of row harvested.

PLANTING ONE PLANTING TWO

VARIETY CMV T/A

YIELD REDUCE (%) T/A

YIELD REDUCE (%)

All Varieties - - - 8.7 30* 7.5 27*

All Varieties+ + +

6.1 5.5

2008 Results – Across all varieties

PLANTING ONE PLANTING TWO

VARIETY CMV T/A

YIELD REDUCE (%) T/A

YIELD REDUCE (%)

All Varieties - - - 9.3 9* 8.0 5*

All Varieties+ + +

8.5 7.6

2009 Results – Across all varieties

PLANTING ONE PLANTING TWO Variety

+ CMV T/A

-CMV T/A

%

Red

Sign

+ CMV T/A

-CMV T/A

%

Red

Sign

Huntington 7.7 8.0 5 ns 7.2 7.2 3 ns Summit 9.12 11.7 22 ns 8.4 9.4 11 ns EX 1267 (Cartegena)

4.8 5.6 15 ns

Pensacola 5.7 6.0 4 ns

Hystyle 6.2 7.0 6 ns 5.3 7.0 23 * Weapon 7.2 9.8 26 * 6.1 9.4 35 * Caprice 8.8 11.4 23 ns 6.3 8.8 28 * EX 15350856 6.7 9.4 29 ns 6.3 9.1 31 * Pike 4.2 6.7 37 ns

Titan 4.5 8.6 48 * 5.3 8.4 34 ns HMX5101 5.7 7.5 23 ns 4.8 7.0 32 * HMX 7115 7.3 8.7 14 * 4.9 8.4 37 * BSC 841 6.5 11.0 41 * 3.4 5.8 41 * Spartacus 5.4 8.5 35 * 5.1 6.5 10 * Embassy 4.3 7.3 41 * 3.4 5.4 38 ns HMX 5105 8.0 10.5 24 * 7.8 10.5 26 * Sahara 5.8 7.9 27 * 3.9 5.7 31 ns Masai 3.0 6.1 51 ns 4.5 6.7 33 * Igloo 8.1 9.1 6 ns SB 4352 6.6 7.9 16 ns

2008

PLANTING ONE PLANTING TWO Variety

+ CMV T/A

-CMV T/A

%

Red

Sign

+ CMV T/A

-CMV T/A

%

Red

Sign

Huntington 7.7 8.0 5 ns 7.2 7.2 3 ns Summit 9.12 11.7 22 ns 8.4 9.4 11 ns EX 1267 (Cartegena)

4.8 5.6 15 ns

Pensacola 5.7 6.0 4 ns

Hystyle 6.2 7.0 6 ns 5.3 7.0 23 * Weapon 7.2 9.8 26 * 6.1 9.4 35 * Caprice 8.8 11.4 23 ns 6.3 8.8 28 * EX 15350856 6.7 9.4 29 ns 6.3 9.1 31 * Pike 4.2 6.7 37 ns

PLANTING ONE PLANTING TWO +

CMV T/A

-CMV T/A

%

Red

Sign

+ CMV T/A

-CMV T/A

%

Red

Sign

10.3 10.7 4 ns 7.0 7.5 6 ns

11.1 11.5 4 ns 9.6 10.6 10 ns

7.5 7.8 5 ns 6.6 6.8 3 ns

9.2 9.2 0 ns 10.6 10.4 -1 ns

9.1 10.9 16 * 7.5 8.4 11 ns

7.3 9.1 20 * 6.4 7.2 11 ns

9.0 9.2 3 ns 8.1 10.4 22 *

8.3 9.4 4 ** 8.2 8.9 7 *

7.2 8.0 10 * 6.0 6.9 13 ns

Banga

6.4 7.2 10 ns 5.6 5.7 2 ns

2008 2009

Of 21 varieties field tested in 2008 and 2009, only five showed a level of tolerance to

Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Huntington Rogers Large sievePensacola Rogers Large sieveSummit Seneca Large sieveCartegena Seminis WholeBanga Seminis Whole

Plans for 2010Plans for 2010

Repeat field trial with tolerant varieties and add new Repeat field trial with tolerant varieties and add new ones. All varieties inoculated with CMV. Several ones. All varieties inoculated with CMV. Several

varieties will be inoculated with both CMV and Alfalfa varieties will be inoculated with both CMV and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV).Mosaic Virus (AMV).

Greenhouse screen with all varieties to test for Greenhouse screen with all varieties to test for resistance to Clover Yellow Vein Virus (Phil Griffiths).resistance to Clover Yellow Vein Virus (Phil Griffiths).