Virtual Design and Construction in Support of Construction Engineering

Martin FischerProfessor, Civil and Environmental EngineeringDirector, Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE)http://www.stanford.edu/~fischerfischer@stanford.edu

Roberto ArbuluDirector, Technical ServicesStrategic Project Solutions, San Franciscohttp://www.spsinc.netrarbulu@spsinc.net

Design and construction planning methods have changed significantly in the last 40 years

Picture courtesy Fluor

Picture courtesy DPR

As have constructibility review and construction communication methods

Picture courtesy Fluor

Picture courtesy Accu-Crete

Hospital Objectives

NSH Project Objectives

ICEBIM+ ProcessCurrent State Process, T5 Rebar Detailing for Construction

De

sig

nM

an

ufa

ctu

reE

ng

ine

erin

g

Release CAD

dwg, rebar

schedule (*.CSF)

in Documentum

Document

control delay

(1 week)

Preliminary

designGA drawings

Refine RC details

and concept for

buildability/

detailing

Use model to

develop and

communicate

methods

Prepare RC detail

drawings

(drafting)

Check and

coordinate detail

drawings

CAD check

(1d/dwg)

Check against

engineering calcs

(.5d /dwg)

Independent final

check & sign off

(2 weeks)

Building control

check & sign off

(BAA, time?)

Release paper P4

dwgs & bar

bending

schedules

Rebar factory

starts bending

Pre-assembly

Ship to site

Draft spec

Comment on

spec

Update spec Release spec

Model rebar

component (Use

digital

Prototyping tool)

Issue and resolve

TQ’s (Technical

Queries)

AutoCAD CAD RC IDEAS Arma +

Design input/

changes

Technology:

Detailed

engineering

design

information

Site assembly

Preliminary drafting

2 weeks

Back drafting

1 week

Checking

2 weeks

Document control

1 weekTimeline:

NOTE: Drawings are batched into sections-

then subdivided into building components.

Each component is an assembly package,

e.g. rail box floor, wall, etc.

The number of drawing sheets per building

component vary depending on the work. On

ART for example, each component may

consist of 8-15 GA drawings and 8-15 RC

detail drawings.

All of the GA drawings are complete -

pend ing changes f rom other des ign

disciplines

NOTE: Design changes

during detailing (from:

architecture, baggage,

s y s t e m s , e t c . ) a r e

upsetting RC drawing

development.

Other / None/

Unknown

Preliminary RC

detailing

Iterative

process

Consists of:

engineering

calculations,

sketches, etc.

Most of the checking

process is done

concurrently with RC

detail development.

BAA building control

accepts the opinion

of the independent

design check - and

does not perform a

check of its own

Asse

mb

ly

Existing Process - 6 weeks

Client/Business Objectives

Project Objectives

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) combines:

• If you cannot build it virtually you won’t be able to build it in reality.

• An engineer can model faster and more cheaply than a crew can install the same components.

• What you see is what you get.

• Visualizations enable creativity.

• Sooner or later you pay for integration.

• Why do we let latency govern project duration?

• Why do 6 of 10 design engineers spend all their time managing information?

• What you (performance) model is what you get.

If it doesn’t fit in the 3D model it won’t miraculously fit in the field

Picture Courtesy DPR

Are the budget, work methods, and schedule aligned?

• 2D data and schedule with 200+ activities for a

1,000,000+ sf office complex

• 252 hours of 3D modeling, 200 hours of 4D modeling

• Used extensively for pre-bid constructibility reviews

• Discovered $3 million in savings for unexcavated

courtyards and parking structure redesign

• Discovered opportunities to save $5 million in overall

Picture and Case Courtesy DPR

Is the secant pile wall really constructible on the South side?

Picture Courtesy PB

Video clips shown

• Installing a column rebar cage by SPS (see http://www.vimeo.com/15465074)

• Detailed construction engineering of rebar for a pile extension(http://www.vimeo.com/15467505)

• 90-day look-ahead schedule for the Walt Disney Concert Hall by Mortenson(see http://www.vimeo.com/7478800)

10

Architectural

concrete and curtain

wall work cannot take

place in parallel

Identify critical interactions between design and construction sequence

Pictures Courtesy Mortenson

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Incorp

ora

ted

Streamline Materials

Visualize Materials On Site

Drive Trial Allocation Priorities

Track Purchase Orders / ETAs

Bag-and-Tag By Work Pack

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Incorp

ora

ted

Virtual Work Packs – 4 Views

Back

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Incorp

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Area 15

ConstructSim – Status Visualization

CIFE Research in Collaboration with CCC

2

C3D Based Project Visual Planning & Controls in Saudi Embassy Project (SEP), Cairo

Clearly communicate assembly instructions to the field crews

Copyright M. A. Mortenson Company 2010

Effective Planning through Virtual Mockups

“Assembly Drawings”

for construction!

Exempla Lutheran Medical Center – Wheatridge, CO –CM/GC

Snapshots Courtesy of SPS, San Francisco, CA

Supporting the human and machine workflow with a 3D information model

• SPS and project partners:o Cycle time of design review reduced from 5-6 weeks to 2-3 weeks

o Lead-time on rebar reduced from 10 days to 3 days

o Onsite RFI's were reduced by 80%

o If necessary, detailing-fabrication-delivery of rebar within 5 daysImage Courtesy TurnerImage Courtesy JPL

Center for Integrated Facility Engineering

Rebar Production Process

Pull

3 Days 2 Days 2 Days

EngineeringFabrication & Assembly

Installation

Visual and data models support …

• allocation of materials

• deployment of construction-applied resources

• understanding of field construction knowledge

to

• test constructibility of design and construction methods

• communicate design and construction information

• create a better and sharable information basis for the current project and future projects

• rapidly close the loop between planned and actual performance

for

• improved safety, productivity, and environmental performance

10 steps are from Bob Bittner’s presentation at the conference.First 3 bullets on the left are from Bob Tatum’s categories of construction engineering knowledge presented at this conference.

© 2010 DPR Construction All Rights Reserved

LEVEL 4: SIMULATE FOR OPTIMAL SOLUTION

Formwork modeling on

the UC Santa Cruz

project helped

determine the

appropriate reuse of

formwork.

MODULE ONE

MODULE TWO

– Why do you

want to use

BIM/VDC?

– Level 1

– Level 2

– Level 3

– Level 4

– Who is

involved?

– Do the tools

work for your

purpose?

– Devil in the

Details

– Co-location or

Co-creation?

– Model

management

– Framework of

collaboration

MODULE THREE

© 2010 DPR Construction All Rights Reserved

LEVEL 4: EXPLORE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PREFABRICATION

Prefabricated drywall panels based on a coordinated

BIM on a large healthcare project

MODULE ONE

MODULE TWO

– Why do you

want to use

BIM/VDC?

– Level 1

– Level 2

– Level 3

– Level 4

– Who is

involved?

– Do the tools

work for your

purpose?

– Devil in the

Details

– Co-location or

Co-creation?

– Model

management

– Framework of

collaboration

MODULE THREE

Materials and assemblies can be fabricated with increasingly high accuracy

Max Boegl produces slab tracks for high-speed rail projects with 0.1 mm tolerance.

Model Measurement Fabrication/ProductionPictures from http://www.max-boegl.de

Stageworks: Real-time schedule control

Data obtained over 30 possessions indicated 69% productive use of available worksite time.

10 HoursManagement Overhead

3 hrs SiteManagement

Cost

3.5 Hrsproduction

3.5 hrs SiteManagement

Cost

7 HRS Possession

Planner

Monitor

Production

Reporter

Planning / Design

Construction

Progress

Project Controls

Copyright 2010

Automatically Generating Look-Ahead

Schedules for the Finishing PhaseN. Dong, M. Fischer, R. Levitt, D. Ge, Zuhair Haddad, CCC

Existing methods and

tools did not support the

quick assignment of 50

crews to 100s of

activities in 200 rooms

every day.Various room finishing types of CMU university project at

Qatar (source: CCC) – rooms are color coded by type

Automated Schedule

Generation

Resource Constrained

Scheduling

Artificial Intelligence

Activity on node network of the finishing of one faculty office,

activities are color coded by discipline (source: CCC)

Three constraints that trouble the engineers most when

scheduling for the finishing phase (picture source: CCC)

Information Model

LAS Gen. Schema

Project Databases

Scattered Data

Integrated Data

Initial Schedules

Genetic Algorithm

Optimal

Schedule(s)

www.stanford.edu/~ningdong/LASproject/

Dynam

ic P

lannin

g a

nd C

ontro

l Meth

odolo

gy:

Visu

aliz

atio

n a

nd A

uto

matio

n o

f Constru

ctio

n P

rogre

ss Monito

ring

The results of automated progress detection

Residence Hall Construction Project photolog (160 image)

Slide courtesy Mani Golparvar-Fard

Dynam

ic P

lannin

g a

nd C

ontro

l Meth

odolo

gy:

Visu

aliz

atio

n a

nd A

uto

matio

n o

f Constru

ctio

n P

rogre

ss Monito

ring

Practical Significance

Safety Management

Remote safety analysis

Potential automation of

identification of unsafe

locations/components

Visualization of

Sustainable Construction

(LEED2009 points)

Sustainable Sites

Materials and Resources

Recycled Content

Regional Materials

δh

© Apr 2009, D4AR SystemMani Golparvar-FardFeniosky Pena-MoraSilvio Savarese

© Apr 2009, D4AR System

Mani Golparvar-FardFeniosky Pena-Mora,

Silvio Savarese

Steel-

2.5Kg Carbon footprint/Kg

High Recyclability

Concrete-

0.76Kg Carbon footprint/Kg

Normal Recyclability

Slide courtesy Mani Golparvar-Fard

Comparing construction methods

Work with Rogier

Jongeling, Lulea

Univ. Tech.,

Sweden

Industrialized III: Used Work Space

0

20

40

60

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100

120

140

160

180

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

D8

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D10

Time

M2

Shoring

Form Work

Reinforcement

Concrete

Total Used

0 Reference III: Used Work Space

0

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D1

D2

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Reinforcement

Concrete

Total Used

Industrialized III: Used / Available Work Space

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20

40

60

80

100

120

D1

D2

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Reinforcement

Concrete

0 Reference III: Used / Available Work Space

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20

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D1

D2

D3

D4

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Form Work

Reinforcement

Concrete

Industrialized III: Distance Form Work - Reinforcement

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D1

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Time

Mete

rs Middle

Closest

0 Reference III: Distance Form Work - Reinforcement

-2

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