Virginia Association of Test Directors...4. VCU/CCPS Writing Project: Collaborating with Local Schools to Examine Student Writing Motivation and Self-Regulation York 14b. EIMS for

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Virginia Association of Test Directors

23rdnd

Annual Assessment Conference, Fall 2013

New Testing for New Times

Wednesday, October 30 4:30-8:30 Conference Registration and Vendor Set Up James River Foyer

5:30-6:30 Conference pre-session: Fireside Chat with Shelley Loving-Ryder about matters

related to the role of the Division Director of Testing. This session is designed for all DDOTS to

meet and discuss issues with Shelley in an informal and relaxed setting. Parlors G & H

Thursday, October 31 7:30 - 8:15 Registration & Continental Breakfast Sponsored by VATD James River Foyer 8:15 - 8:30 Welcome and Introductory Remarks – Dr. Glen Miller, President, VATD and

Dr. Marcus Newsome, Superintendent, Chesterfield County Public Schools

Parlors G & H

8:30 - 9:00 The State of Assessment in the Commonwealth - Dr. Patricia Wright, State

Superintendent of Public Instruction Parlors G & H

9:00 - 10:30 Panel Discussion: Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT): Promises, Perils and

Possibilities - Denny Way, Pearson; Tim Davey and Lucille Dungan, ETS; and

Jennifer Dugan, Minnesota Department of Education

Moderated by Julie Miles, Pearson Parlors G & H

10:30 – 11:00 Vendor Break - Refreshments sponsored by Tests for Higher Standards

Exhibit Hall

11:00 - 12:00 Conference Breakout Session 1. See session titles

12:00 - 1:00 Conference Luncheon – Sponsored by ETS, Sarah Rhame host Parlors G & H



3:30 - 4:00 Vendor Break – Refreshments sponsored by Riverside Exhibit Hall


5:30 - 7:00 Conference Dinner & Music - Sponsored by Pearson State Services,

Kim Carson host

Music provided by James River High School,

Brenda Johnson, Band and Orchestra Director Parlors G & H

7:30 - 10:30 VATD Hospitality Suite, Sponsored by VATD Room 806

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Friday, November 1 8:00 - 8:30 Registration and Coffee James River Foyer

8:30 - 9:45 K12 Assessment in 2013-2015: Overview of Changes, Challenges,

Opportunities and Virginia’s Place in the National Landscape Steve Lazer, ETS Parlors G & H

9:45 - 10:00 Conference Check out time

10:00 - 11:00 VATD Awards Brunch, Sponsored by VATD Parlors G & H

11:00 - 12:30 Accreditation and Accountability in 2013-14

Susan Williams and Christopher Kelley, VDOE

Special thanks to the following organizations for

sponsoring or contributing to various conference

functions:

Pearson State Services

Educational Testing Service

Riverside Publishing

Tests for Higher Standards

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VATD Conference Breakout Session Planning Matrix

Room

York

Bon Air

New River

Anna

Chester-field

Parlor

A

Parlor

B

Session 1 1 14a 8 16 12 6 7

Session 2 4 14b 8 2 12 6 7

Session 3 19 11 13 2 17 5 3

Session 4 18 11 15 10 20 5 3

Virginia Association of Test Directors The purposes of this association are to support exemplary testing practices; to establish a means of professional identification for assessment personnel; to stimulate interest in educational testing; to promote the development and training of professional assessment personnel; to foster an exchange of assessment, research, and methods among professional educators in Virginia; and to facilitate cooperation among various school divisions, educational institutions, and agencies in Virginia and the nation.

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11:00 - Noon Breakout Session 1 Session Titles and Locations

Session Number and Title

(Refer to Breakout Session Planning Matrix, p.4)

Location

1. Don’t Let the Students Sit Stiff York

14a. EIMS for New DDOT’s Bon Air

8. Determining Data Needs of Divisions New River

16. Using Growth Data from the MAP Assessment Anna

12. 30+ Years of Virginia Testing and So What? Chesterfield

6. Meeting the Challenges of the New Science Assessments Parlor A

7. English SOL Reading and Writing Assessments Parlor B

1:15 - 2:15 PM Breakout Session 2 Session Titles and Locations



Location

4. VCU/CCPS Writing Project: Collaborating with Local Schools to Examine Student Writing Motivation and Self-Regulation

York

14b. EIMS for Returning DDOT’s Bon Air

8. Determining Data Needs of Divisions New River

2. Everything Was Going Fine, Until the Ants Attacked! Using the SSWS system to file Irregularities

Anna

12. 30+ Years of Virginia Testing and So What? Chesterfield

6. Meeting the Challenges of the New Science Assessments Parlor A

7. English SOL Reading and Writing Assessments Parlor B

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2:30 - 3:30 PM Breakout Session 3 Session Titles and Locations



Location

19. Surveys, Community Coalitions, and Thou: Enhancing Strategic Partnerships.

York

11. Testing on Tablets: Research and Application Bon Air

13. The Life Cycle of an Item: Item Development through Field Testing and Approval New River

2. Everything Was Going Fine, Until the Ants Attacked! Using the SSWS system to file Irregularities

Anna

17. Alexandria City Schools and eMetric: A Meaningful Partnership Chesterfield

5. Mathematics Assessment Update Parlor A

3. Classroom Assessment: The Missing Link in Teacher Evaluation

Parlor B

4:00 – 5:00 PM Breakout Session 4 Session Titles and Locations



Location

18. What is coming from Washington? A Re-cap of Federal Mandates and Programs.

York

11. Testing on Tablets: Research and Application Bon Air

15. Improving Your Math Pass Rate 36 Points in One Year! New River

10. Unraveling the Mysteries of Setting Standards and Scale Scores Anna

20. VATD 2013 and Beyond Chesterfield

5. Mathematics Assessment Update Parlor A

3. Classroom Assessment: The Missing Link in Teacher Evaluation Parlor B

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VATD 2013 Conference

Session Descriptions

1. Don’t Let the Students Sit Stiff.

Presenters: Dr. Richard W McKenzie and Ms. Jazmin Evans, Surry County At the end of the 2011-2012 school year, which was Ms. Jazmin Evans’ first year of teaching

Virginia Studies at Surry Elementary School, she reflected on her practice to find novel ways to

increase the next year’s achievement on the state SOL test and the student’s content retention.

Ms. Evans consulted the Director of Assessment and Accountability to analyze past student

performances on formative tests, summative tests, and the VDOE Spring 2012 SOL results in

Virginia Studies. Line graphs of the formative benchmark test results, and scatter plots showing

the relationship between the summative benchmark in Spring 2012 and the raw scores of the

students on the VDOE Spring 2012 SOL test in Virginia Studies were developed. Equipped with

this information, Ms. Evans used direct and interactive learning approaches as her main teaching

strategies within the classroom. In addition, she developed enrichment for her students by

embedding the variation theory approach within the realm of multiple intelligences through the

usage of mnemonics, interactive games, simulated TV game show models such as “Who Wants

to be a Millionaire” and Jeopardy, and a teacher created live-binder review site in which students

could practice with interactive games, review notes, and work on challenging

questions/assignments. In addition, she utilized Virginia history newspapers and open-ended

questions to promote and sustain content retention with her students.

The belief that the object of learning can be well understood if it is examined in different

ways and that it becomes easier for students to learn the content when teaching strategies appeal

to their various intelligences is supported by Ms. Evans’ approach of teaching. Her

nontraditional way of teaching (1) exposed her students to authentic experiences which allowed

them to interact and take ownership over their learning, and (2) consisted of new strategies which

helped her students make sense of the new information experienced. What was the result of her

innovative way of teaching? She increased her pass rate by 13 percentage points to 98.3% on the

VDOE Spring 2013 Virginia Studies SOL test.

2. Everything Was Going Fine, Until the Ants Attacked! Using the SSWS system to file

Irregularities - Presenter: Stuart Pierce, Fairfax County Public Schools Using wit and humor to highlight some of the common frustrations with using SSWS, attendees

will learn tips and techniques for using the system for reporting irregularities to VDOE.

Presenting real life examples (with names changed to protect the innocent) Stuart will share

some of the more humorous irregularities (at least in hindsight) as a backdrop for this

entertaining presentation.

3. Classroom Assessment: The Missing Link in Teacher Evaluation.

Presenter: Jim McMillan, Ph.D., Professor, VCU A well-known principle of effective teacher evaluation is to use multiple sources of evidence.

With the current emphasis on growth percentile models of evaluation, based on SOL scores there

is a need to incorporate classroom assessment evidence to provide a more comprehensive, more

accurate description of teacher effectiveness. This presentation will examine the difficult issues

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confronting educators in using results from classroom assessments for teacher evaluation.

Suggestions for implementing systems that include classroom assessment data will be

summarized. The importance of high quality classroom assessment will be emphasized, as well

as needed professional development for both teachers and principals.

4. VCU/CCPS Writing Project: Collaborating with Local Schools to Examine Student

Writing Motivation and Self-Regulation

Presenter: Sharon Zumbrunn, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, VCU

The VCU/CCPS Writing Project is an ongoing longitudinal research collaboration between

Virginia Commonwealth University and Chesterfield County Public Schools. This session will

provide an overview and preliminary results of the VCU/CCPS Writing Project. It also will

include a discussion of the benefits of university/school district collaboration.

5. Mathematics Assessment Update

Presenters: Amy Siepka and Michael Bolling, VDOE

The session will answer frequently asked questions about the development and administration of

the SOL mathematics tests, give an update on the Algebra Readiness Diagnostic Test

(ARDT), and highlight support resources available to divisions.

6. Meeting the Challenges of the New Science Assessments

Presenters: Tyler Waybright and Eric Rhoades, VDOE Attendants will have an opportunity to interact with science assessment and instruction

specialists around such topics as tips for testing day, instructional strategies that lead to success

on the Standards of Learning (SOL ) tests, and new VDOE resources.

7. English SOL Reading and Writing Assessments

Presenters: Tracy Robertson and Pat Dalton, VDOE

This session will highlight the most recent information about the English SOL reading and

writing assessments. Come learn about technology-enhanced item updates and the upcoming

reading data power points. Leave the session with some tips for preparing for the rigor of the

assessments.

8. Determining Data Needs of Divisions

Presenters: Bethann Canada, VDOE and Brooke Bell, CIT

Virginia's Educational Information Management System (EIMS) was developed as a decision

support system for schools, school divisions, and the Department of Education. Over the years,

school divisions have grown their own robust decision support systems to provide real-time data,

access local assessment results and offer parent portals. As a result, utilization of EIMS has

declined. Local systems have the ability. The Center for Innovative Technology (CIT) is

conducting a statewide needs assessment that will employ multiple methods of soliciting input

from a variety of stakeholders in order to build an action plan for providing relevant and dynamic

resources for divisions.

9. Session cancelled.

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10. Unraveling the Mysteries of Setting Standards and Scale Scores

Presenter: Julie Miles, Ph.D., Pearson

This session presents the basic concepts behind standard setting, scale scores and cut scores. In a

non-technical manner, the session answers common educator questions about how standard

setting leads to scale scores, what they mean, and why they are difficult for school professionals

and the public to understand. An overview of how standard setting and how this supports the

generation of scale scores is presented first, and then the interrelated concepts of equating of test

forms and the meaning of cut-scores are explained. This session is meant for administrators and

educators who do not have formal training in Item Response Theory.

11. Testing on Tablets: Research and Application

Presenter: Laurie Laughlin Davis, Ph.D., Pearson The educational technology marketplace is being transformed by the introduction of tablets.

There is an increasing expectation that schools should be able to use tablets for a variety of

instructional and assessment purposes. However, to assure the validity and reliability of test

scores, research should be conducted to understand the full impact of introducing tablets into

assessment programs in a way that is fair to all students. This session will discuss an ongoing

series of usability studies, cognitive labs, and quantitative research conducted by Pearson in

collaboration with Virginia schools designed to thoughtfully promote the use of tablets in

assessment programs while maintaining a student experience that is optimized for tablet delivery.

Features such as screen size, soft keyboards, and touch screens distinguish tablets from

computers. Research presented in this session will explore how these differences affect students

across a variety of assessment contexts. Opportunities for participating in upcoming research

studies will be discussed.

12. 30+ Years of Virginia Testing and So What?

Presenter: David Mott, Ph.D., Tests for Higher Standards/ROSworks We cover a 30+ year journey with Virginia state testing. What roads have been traveled? What

has the trek taught us? Where are we and why? What is the next stop?

13. The Life Cycle of an Item: Item Development through Field Testing and Approval

Presenter: Sarah Lopez Rhame, Ed.D., ETS

In this session participants will learn how items go from development to live items on a test

form. The session will include a description of the item development process, including how

ETS uses cognitive complexity and difficulty levels to develop a variety of items that assess

students at different ability levels. We will also provide an overview of the Item and Test Forms

Review Committees conducted each summer, and an outline of how an item is reviewed, field

tested, and approved to be included as a live item on a Standards of Learning assessment.

14a. EIMS for New DDOT’s

Presenter: Kris Herakovich-Curtis, Pearson

Attendees will learn how STI’s are created and managed as students move around the state. We

will review the link between EIMS and the Assessment Services in PearsonAccess There will be

a demonstration of the EIMS Data Extract which returns all SOL data for your currently enrolled

students. In addition, we’ll have a brief review of the various EIMS Reports.

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14b. EIMS for Returning DDOT’s

Presenter: Kris Herakovich-Curtis, Pearson

During this session we will highlight the link between STI’s and the Assessment Services of

PearsonAccess. There will also be a demonstration of the EIMS Data Extract which returns all

SOL data for your currently enrolled students. Don’t miss an opportunity to learn about this great

resource to maintain data for student who may have tested outside your division.

15. Improving Your Math Pass Rate 36 Points in One Year!

Presenters: Dr. Sally I'Anson, Interactive Achievement and Mr. Michael Stutt, Principal,

Bryan Elementary School

Learn about how one Title I school used formative assessment data and a team approach to

individualizing every student's learning to achieve dramatic improvements in student

performance on the SOL tests.

16. Using Growth Data from the MAP Assessment

Presenters: Jeanine Edwards, NWEA and Dewitt House, Henry County Schools

Each child learns differently. So we developed computerized adaptive assessments that test

differently, allowing teachers to see their students as individuals – each with their own base of

knowledge. With flexible delivery options, our assessments can scale to fit your needs. NWEA

Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) tests present students with engaging, age-appropriate

content. As a student responds to questions, the test responds to the student, adjusting up or

down in difficulty.

The result is a rewarding experience for the student, and a wealth of detailed information for

teachers, parents and administrators. Currently over 40 school divisions throughout the state of

VA use the MAP assessment to provide valid and reliable growth data for each student.

Together with Henry County Schools we would like to share how this type of data is changing

instruction daily in the classroom, providing teachers and administrator’s baseline data to help

meet organic growth targets, and increasing student achievement, SOL readiness and college

readiness.

17. Alexandria City Schools and eMetric: A Meaningful Partnership

Presenters: Nathan Wall, eMetric and Daniel Alcazar-Roman, Alexandria Public Schools eMetric provides ACPS the technology to expose administrators, teachers and students to

technology-enhanced item types. Teachers are provided professional development in the area of

authoring items and tests, and students gain valuable practice with technology-enhanced items

and online testing. During this session, eMetric will provide a technology perspective as to how

districts can prepare their stakeholders for technology-enhanced items.

18. What is coming from Washington? A Re-cap of Federal Mandates and Programs.

Presenter: Jack Kopcak, National School Boards Association This presentation will discuss the latest developments from Washington, including the ESEA

Reauthorization (House Version), the ESEA Reauthorization (Senate Version), What in the

world has happened to AYP?, the status of the Common Core State Standards, The latest on

PARCC and Smarter Balanced (the two national tests). This discussion will be framed in light of

how these current issues at the national level are likely to affect student assessment in the

schools.

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19. Surveys, Community Coalitions, and Thou: Enhancing Strategic Partnerships.

Presenter: Dr. Glen Miller, VATD/Chesterfield County Public Schools (retired)

Chesterfield Public Schools has a partnership with Substance Abuse Free Environment, Inc.

(SAFE) a community coalition whose mission is to engage the community in working together to

prevent substance abuse. Using information from school-based and community surveys and at

minimum costs to the school system, SAFE has implemented a variety of programs in the

schools, provided training for school personnel, and increased parental awareness of their legal

responsibilities with regard to teens and alcohol use. This session will explain how this

partnership has been an asset to the school community and will also share information about

similar coalitions across Virginia.

20. VATD 2013 and Beyond Virginia Association of Test Directors: 2013 and Beyond Presenters: Glen Miller, Monte Dawson, and Richard Williams, VATD Board Members

Thanks to several people who have volunteered to help VATD as regional representatives. In

this session, we will discuss VATD's role in providing conferences beyond this year. Areas to

consider will be VATD's possible 2014 conference, a conference theme, possible locations,

speakers, ideas for breakouts, and a timetable for future meetings. Retirements are thinning our

ranks – where do we go from here?

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Speaker Biographies

(In Order of Appearance)

Dr. Marcus J. Newsome

Dr. Newsome was appointed superintendent of Chesterfield County Public Schools on October 1,

2006. With more than 59,000 students, Chesterfield is the fourth largest school system in

Virginia and among the 100 largest districts in the United States. Under Dr. Newsome’s

leadership Chesterfield continues to enjoy an excellent reputation for high performance as

evidenced by numerous accomplishments: Chesterfield is the largest school system in the

Commonwealth of Virginia to have all schools fully accredited by the Virginia Department of

Education for three consecutive years.

Prior to moving to Chesterfield, Dr. Newsome served as superintendent of Newport News Public

Schools. During his tenure the district earned national recognition, and all high schools were

ranked by Newsweek magazine as among America’s Best High Schools. Dr. Newsome has also

worked in Prince George’s County (Md.) Public Schools, the 17th

largest school system in the

country with more than 130,000 students, serving as a regional executive director, director of

student support programs, and principal. He also has worked as a curriculum writer, dean of

students and art and mathematics teacher for the District of Columbia Public Schools.

Dr. Newsome earned a doctorate degree in educational leadership from Bowie State University

in Maryland, and a doctorate degree in religious education from International Seminary in

Plymouth, Florida, a master’s degree in administration and supervision from Bowie State

University, and a bachelor’s degree from Elizabeth City State University in North Carolina.

He has served as co-chair of Governor Tim Kaine’s Education Transition Policy Committee;

Harvard University Associate in Practice; chair of the College of William and Mary School

University Research Network; Associate Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University and an

education advisor to members of the U.S. Congress.

Dr. Newsome is also the recipient of numerous awards, including the FBI Community Service

Award, NAACP Living Legend’s Award, Presidential Citation from the National Association for

Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, and Virginia School Board Association Award of

Distinction.

Dr. Patricia I. Wright

During her more than 20 years with the Virginia Department of Education and 34 total

years in public education, Dr. Patricia I. Wright has worked closely with the Board of Education,

governors, the General Assembly, local school systems and professional organizations to

develop and implement Virginia’s standards-based accountability program and statewide system

of support for public schools.

Dr. Wright became Virginia’s superintendent of public instruction on October 1, 2008,

after being appointed to the position by Governor Timothy M. Kaine in July 2008.

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As superintendent, Dr. Wright serves as the executive officer of the Virginia Department of

Education, which is the administrative agency for the commonwealth’s public schools. She also

serves as secretary of the Board of Education.

Prior to her appointment as the commonwealth’s chief school officer, Dr. Wright served

as chief deputy superintendent, acting superintendent, deputy superintendent, assistant

superintendent for instruction, director of secondary instruction, associate director of secondary

instruction and state mathematics specialist.

Before coming to VDOE in 1985, Dr. Wright taught mathematics for 10 years at the

secondary and middle school levels in Sussex County and Chesterfield County Public Schools.

Dr. Wright received her doctorate in mathematics education from the University of Virginia, a

master’s degree in mathematics education from Virginia Commonwealth University and a

bachelor’s degree in mathematics from James Madison University. Dr. Wright is a native of

Brunswick County and a product of Virginia’s public school system.

Walter “Denny” Way, Ph.D.

Senior Vice President, Psychometric and Research Services, Pearson

Dr. Way provides leadership for content and psychometric research studies and product

development activities for Pearson’s Test, Measurement and Research Services. He oversees all

psychometric functions (e.g. scaling, equating, DIF analyses) for state assessment programs and

research conducted within the Test and Measurement Services division. He supervises a staff of

over 90 psychometricians, researchers, and data analysts. Dr. Way also provides research

consultation and coordination for selected Pearson programs and projects.

Prior to joining Pearson, Dr. Way spent 16 years with Educational Testing Service in a variety of

technical and management roles. He has directed research and operational psychometrics for

testing programs in higher education admissions, licensure and certification, and statewide K-12

assessment. Dr. Way is widely known for his work in a broad spectrum of large-scale assessment

and accountability issues and represents Pearson on several National and State Technical

Advisory Committees. In 2008 he was appointed to the joint committee revising the 1999

AERA, APA, NCME Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. His research

interests include equating and scaling, computer-based testing, and applications of technology to

large-scale assessment. He has published on a variety of issues in Educational Measurement:

Issues and Practices, Applied Psychological Measurement, and Applied Measurement in

Education.

Dr. Way holds a M.S. in Psychology from the University of Bridgeport and a Ph.D. in

Educational Measurement and Applied Statistics from the University of Iowa.

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Jennifer Dugan

Director, Research and Assessment Division, Minnesota Department of Education

Jennifer Dugan is the Director of the Research and Assessment Division, which oversees the

development, administration, and reporting of the statewide assessments that fulfill both state

and federal requirements. Prior to assuming the role of Director, Ms. Dugan served as the

Supervisor of Test Development within the Division of Research and Assessment. Before joining

the department, she was a middle school teacher in Mathematics and also worked as a

Mathematics Assessment Specialist at a Minnesota private company.

She has presented at national conferences on teaching and assessment and holds a M.Ed. degree

in Secondary Education from Auburn University.

Tim Davey, Ph.D.

Research Director, ETS

Tim Davey works in the Research & Development Division at Educational Testing Service

(ETS). Tim joined ETS in 2000 and works principally in the design and development phase of

new testing programs or those undergoing substantial revision. His research interest currently

focus on computerized and adaptive tests, item response theory models, and automated test

assembly. Prior to joining ETS he worked at American College Testing (ACT) for 12 years,

where he was responsible for the design and development of computerized and adaptive testing

programs and the associated delivery software. He earned his Ph.D. in Psychology with a

concentration in Measurement, an M.S. in Mathematical Statistics, and a B.S. in Psychology and

Mathematics, all from the University of Illinois.

Lucille Dungan

Executive Director, Assessment Development, ETS

Lucille Dungan provides ETS executive oversight for Assessment Development work on the

Virginia Standards of Learning Computer Adaptive Testing project. In this capacity, she

coordinates all aspects of item development activities, confirming specifications are documented

and item pools are delivered on schedule. She has worked for ETS since 2001, and in her current

role she collaborates with our Assessment Development and information systems project leads,

confirming that we have clearly conceptualized and defined all specifications for item and test

delivery. She also confirms that internal quality assurance systems are in place for accurate test

delivery.

Since 1996, she has cultivated extensive project management experience in educational

measurement and has worked with statewide assessment programs in Florida, Georgia, Indiana,

Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and

Wyoming. She also taught psychology, elementary statistics, and experimental research design

courses at Santa Barbara Community College from 1980 to 1984. She earned her master’s in

Psychology from California State University–Long Beach and her bachelor’s in Psychology

from the University of San Francisco.

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Stephen Lazer

Vice President, Student and Teacher Assessments, ETS

As ETS’s Vice President of Student and Teacher Assessments, Stephen Lazer is responsible for a

range of tests, products and services affecting American schools, students and teachers and the

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Lazer was appointed to this role in 2010.

Between 2004 and 2010, Lazer served as Vice President of Assessment Development and was

responsible for managing the nearly 600 individuals who developed all assessments and related

materials at ETS. Before taking on this assignment, Lazer served as Group Executive Director

of the ETS Government Research and Assessment Services unit. Between 1996 and 2004, he

was the Executive Director of NAEP.

Lazer joined ETS in 1985 and worked as a test developer until he moved to the NAEP area in

1991. He has authored a range of publications, including papers on assessment design, NAEP

reports, and studies of domestic and international large-scale assessments. Along with John

Mazzeo and Michael Zieky of ETS, Lazer authored a chapter of the fourth edition of Educational

Measurement. Lazer has expertise in large-scale assessment design and management, as well

as instrument development. He is currently a member of the American Educational Research

Association and the National Council for Measurement in Education.

Lazer earned a graduate degree in political science from Princeton University. He earned his

bachelor’s degree (a joint honors degree in English and political science) at McGill University.

Before working at ETS, Lazer served as a policy analyst for the World Policy Institute, as well as

a lecturer at Princeton University.

Documents

Virginia Association of Test Directors...4. VCU/CCPS Writing Project: Collaborating with Local Schools to Examine Student Writing Motivation and Self-Regulation York 14b. EIMS for