Coppin State University

VIRGINIA ADVANCED SHIPBUILDING & CARRIER INTEGRATION CENTERJohn BoyleStructural OptionThesis Advisor Dr. BehrNEWPORT NEWS, VA

Source: Clark-NexsenSource: Clark-NexsenACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to thank the following individuals for their support on this project

Professor M. Kevin ParfittProfessor Robert HollandDr. Behr

Kurt J. ClementeI would also like to thank my parents, John and Diana for their relentless support throughout this semesterIntroductionBuilding StatisticsArchitectureExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisBuilding StatisticsBuilding Occupancy Name: Northrop Grunman Newport NewsOccupancy Type: Office / Research / Shipbuilding FacilitySize: 241,000 sfNumber of Stories: 8Date of Construction: December 1999-February 2002Actual cost: $58 millionProject Delivery: Design-Bid-BuildProject TeamClark-Nexsen Architecture & Engineering

Source: Clark-NexsenArchitectureAchieves light, open feelUses steel wide-flange membersEnclosed in reflective curtain wallCurve shapeGives appearance of a tall, glass ship looking over the James RiverConcrete figurehead

IntroductionBuilding StatisticsArchitectureExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisSource: Clark-NexsenExisting Structural SystemWide-flange steel column on a concrete pedestalPlaced around perimeter of the buildingSoil Condition: Unstable soilGrade beams: 20 & 22Resist lateral column base movementDistribute weight of the building over soil

FOUNDATION

CONC. PEDESTAL PLANCONC. PEDESTAL SECTIONIntroductionExisting Structural SystemFoundationGravityLateralProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisSource: Clark-NexsenSource: Clark-NexsenSource: Clark-NexsenUnstable Soil due to waterfront location of buildingGrade beams important due to unstable soil conditions22 Blue20 - Red5Existing Structural systemFLOOR4.5 total thickness composite steel deck and slabLightweight concrete placed 2 deep, .038 thick galvanized steel deckYield Strength: 33 ksiBEAMS / COLUMNSSteel wide-wide flange membersW12x14 W18x40 used for beamsW8, W10, W12, W14 used for columns

1st Floor5 slab on grade w/ 6x6 W2.9xW2.9 WWF (blue)8 slab on grade- #4 bars @ 12 o.c. (red)6 slab on grade w/ 6x6 W2.9xW2.9 WWF (green)

GRAVITY

Floors 2-7Structural FloorplanFirst FloorStructural FloorplanIntroductionExisting Structural SystemFoundationGravityLateralProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisSource: Clark-NexsenSource: Clark-NexsenExisting Structural SystemLATERALK-Braced FrameWide-flange members used for vertical membersW14x82 W14x90 W14x159HSS members used for cross-bracingX-Bracing used in 3 baysPenthouse resists largest wind forceBays on bottom level have added weight of floors aboveX-bracing allows one member to be in tension and one to be in compressionCaters well to the shape of the buildingAllows lateral loads to be distributed throughout the unique shape of the building

K-Braced Frame LocationK-Braced Frame SectionIntroductionExisting Structural SystemFoundationGravityLateralProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisSource: Clark-NexsenSource: Clark-NexsenW14x82 at topW14x90 in middleW14x159 bottom7Problem StatementCurved shape leads to confusing column layoutsCurrent column layout leads to confusing beam and joist layoutsCreates great differences in floor depth

IntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisProblem SolutionInvestigate new column layoutsRedesign structural system using reinforced concreteComposite Steel Deck / Wide flange steel beams => Two-way flat slabsWide flange steel columns=> Reinforced concrete columnsK-Braced lateral resisting frame=> Shear wallsReduces floor thickness which will allow building to keep a light, open feel and may reduce cost

IntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout Redesign

Current Column LayoutRedesigned Column LayoutOriginal column layout:Contains irregularly shaped baysCrafted to shape of building

RedesignCreated grid using existing perimeter columnsCreated moderately sized, rectangular baysWill make designing column strips and drop panels easierSmallest Bay: 24-11 x 2-3Largest Bay: 29-11 x 33-10Columns are placed with little-to-no interference with the current floor plan

IntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisSource: Clark-NexsenSource: Clark-NexsenArchitectural Breadth:Column Layout Redesign

Current Column LayoutRedesigned Column Layout

IntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisOriginal column layout:Contains irregularly shaped baysCrafted to shape of building

RedesignCreated grid using existing perimeter columnsCreated moderately sized, rectangular baysWill make designing column strips and drop panels easierSmallest Bay: 24-11 x 2-3Largest Bay: 29-11 x 33-10Columns are placed with little-to-no interference with the current floor plan

Slab RedesignOriginal floor systemComposite steel deck Wide-flange steel beamsFloor thickness: 22.5

RedesignTwo-way flat slab: 4,000 psi concreteAdvantagesEasy formworkSimple bar placementsMinimize floor-to-floor heights

Results12 thickness w/ 3 drop panelsPenthouse:10 thickness w/ 3 drop panelsNearly 8/floor reduction

SLAB THICKNESS FLOORS 1-7SLAB THICKNESS PENTHOUSE

IntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignResultsArchitectural ImpactLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisSlab RedesignArchitectural Impact8 reduction in floor thicknessReduces total floor height by nearly 5 feet

FLOORHEIGHT (CURRENT BUILDING)HEIGHT (REDESIGN)1st0-00-02nd17-617-63rd32-1032-24th47-245-105th61-659-66th75-1073-27th90-286-10Penthouse104-699-8Roof126-3122-1IntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignResultsArchitectural ImpactLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisLoadsLive loads

Dead loads

OCCUPANCYDESIGN LOAD (psf)THESIS LOAD (psf)Penthouse Roof2020Low Roof8060Penthouse Floor125125Offices8050Conference Rooms100100Corridors10080Stairs100100Toilets7575LOAD TYPELOADNormal Weight Concrete150 pcfLightweight Concrete120pcfMEP10psfPartitions20psfFinishes10psfCurtain Wall15psfGRAVITYIntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsGravityWindColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisSource: Clark-NexsenSource: Clark-NexsenLoadsWINDLocation: Newport News, VAExposure: D (Building @ Shoreline)Occupancy: IIIBasic Wind Speed (V): 90 mph

HeightKzqzPHeight DifferenceFFirst90.94316.6218.0900.00Second26.51.13720.0520.8417.591.60Third41.831.23121.7022.1715.3387.19Fourth56.161.29622.8523.0914.3387.43Fifth70.51.34823.7723.8314.3489.97Sixth84.831.39324.5424.4514.3392.11Seventh99.161.43125.2224.9914.3397.42Penthouse114.51.46725.8625.5015.34121.17Roof135.211.51026.6226.1120.7170.30

Force (k)Shear (k)Moment (ft-k)Ground01790First921751603Second871772863Third871824123Fourth901905533Fifth922196984Sixth971918783Penthouse1217012783Roof7008873Wind DiagramWind ForcesWind LoadsIntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsGravityWindColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisColumn RedesignOriginal column designSteel wide-flange members

RedesignReinforced concrete columns w/ steel rebarColumns kept as small as possible to retain the light, open feel of the current design

DESIGN CRITERIAIntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignDesign CriteriaRAM ModelResults / Architectural ImpactChecksLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisColumn RedesignRAM MODELDL: 80 psfLL carefully placed with floor planBar configurations:# of bars range from 8-16

RAM ModelFront ViewIntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignDesign CriteriaRAM ModelResults / Architectural ImpactChecksLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood Analysis17Column RedesignRESULTS10x10 in penthouse24x24 in first floor

ARCHITECTURAL IMPACTColumns larger than anticipatedLarger columns located in more open, spacious areasIntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignDesign CriteriaRAM ModelResults / Architectural ImpactChecksLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisColumn RedesignMuT = 36.12 ft-kMuB = -22.08 ft-kH = 13.33 ftFy = 60 ksiFc = 4 ksi14 #10 barsPn = .8[.85fc(Ag Ast) + fy(Ast)](1559.2) = .8[.85(4)(20(20) 14(1.27)) + 60(14)(14)(1.27)]1559.2 < 1893.1 => ok

IntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignDesign CriteriaRAM ModelResults / Architectural ImpactChecksLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisLateral System RedesignOriginal Lateral SystemK-Braced Frame with steel wide-flange and HSS members

RedesignReinforced concrete shear wallsExisting concrete walls usedStair wells (blue)Elevator shaft / mechanical space (red)

Force (k)Shear (k)Moment (ft-k)First0149.10Second76.6145.01289Third72.5147.12284Fourth72.5151.03274Fifth74.6151.84389Sixth76.4178.65536Seventh75.5169.36504Penthouse103.166.210207Roof66.20.08036New Wind ForcesNew Wind DiagramIntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignDesign CriteriaResultsCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisLateral System RedesignResultsBoth stairwell and elevator / mechanical space walls needed10 walls

WallReinforcement (bars)Spacing (inches)2#7164#6186#2187#5168#3189#51610#31811#51612#31813#51614#318FloorKX2KY2J1st336,396110,153446,5492nd486,015160,457646,4723rd-Penthouse585,073197,580782,653J-ValuesShear Wall Design

IntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignDesign CriteriaResultsCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisConstruction Management Breadth:Cost AnalysisOriginal Steel Design: $1,411,217

Concrete Redesign: $1,285, 191Slab: $831,960Columns: $383,363Shear Walls: $69,868

IntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisFlood Analysis

Highest flood level of James River: 22 ftVASCIC 9 ft above sea level

Levee DesignSoil: sand, dense and well gradedAesthetically pleasingResists 811 lb/sf force acting on leveeResists seepageSlurry Wall: Soil-cement bentoniteHigh productivityVerifiable continuity and depthExcellent resistance to contaminated waterAbility to easily flex with ground movementsGreater trench stability possibleResistant to erosion and burrowing animals

Levee DesignIntroductionExisting Structural SystemProblem StatementProposed SolutionArchitectural Breadth: Column Layout RedesignSlab RedesignLoadsColumn RedesignLateral System RedesignCM Breadth: Cost AnalysisFlood AnalysisThank You For Your Time