Violent Land

The West and the Civil War of Incorporation

The Frontier and Industrialization

Mining Operations “Gold Rushes” and Placer Operations Boom Towns and “Ghost Towns” Corporate Mining

The Anaconda Mine, Butte, Montana

Immigrants and the Division of Labor

The Railroads, Eastern Tables and Western Beef

Pacific Railroad Act (1861) Eastern Tables and Western Beef: The Cattle Kingdoms

Pork vs. Beef Texas Longhorns “8 lbs of hamburger on 800 lbs. of bone and

horn.” Joseph G. McCoy and the Chisolm Trail Gustavus Swift Cattle Corporations

Agricultural Empire

Why did pioneers “go west?” The Homestead Act (1862)

Homesteaders Western farmers and the Capitalist Economy

Financial backing Costs Markets

“What an Unbranded Cow has Cost”—Frederick Remington

Violent Land? Why the West was a violent place.

Demographic roots— “Surplus males” “Honor cultures” Vigilantism The doctrine of “no duty to retreat.”

The Western Civil War of Incorporation (1870-1920)

Pro Incorporation (northern, Republican)“Resisters” (Texan, Southern, Democrat)

Placer Operations

Western Mining Regions and “Ghost Towns”

American Overland Route

Cattle Trails

Chisolm Trail

Western Trail

Gustavus Swift

Chrisman Sisters

The David Hilton family

Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp, 1877

Wild Bill Hickock

Jesse James at 16Jesse James as adult

James gang members killed at Northfield raid.

Jesse James at death