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Violent Economic Crime and Crimes of Violent Economic Crime and Crimes of IntimidationIntimidation
Violent Economic Crime and Crimes of Violent Economic Crime and Crimes of IntimidationIntimidationCrimes that are either violent or have the
potential to cause great harmImmense psychological impact on victim,
regardless of whether or not violence occurs
RobberyRobberyDirect contact between offender and the
victimThreat or use of force
Firearms most common weaponStrong-arm robbery » no weapon
Most feared, yet least studied crime by psychologists
Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2008
RobberyRobberyBank robbery
Risk of resistance lowMale, single individual
Commercial robberyFast food, convenience stores
Street robberyHighest proportionCognitive scripts
RobberyAmateur and Professional Bank RobbersAmateur and Professional Bank Robbers
Amateur Professionals
Lone 2 or more
High customer traffic
Low customer traffic
Stand in line Control the situation
Not armed Display weapons
Spontaneous Planned
Get away on foot/bike
Get away by motor vehicle
CybercrimeCybercrimeRelatively new termAny legal act that involves a computer systemComputer crimePrevalence is growing rapidly
CybercrimeExamplesVirus generationCopyright violations of computer softwareTransmission of pornographic materialCyberstalkingCyperbullyingIllegal gambling on internet
Federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1984of 1984
Computer Abuse Amendments Act of Computer Abuse Amendments Act of 19941994
CybercrimeCybercrime
StalkingStalkingWillful, malicious and repeated following
and harassing of another personLegal definitions vary from state to state
Lying in waitSurveillanceNonconsensual communicationTelephone harassmentVandalism
Stalking Four CategoriesSimple obsessionLove obsessionErotomaniaVengeance
StalkingSimple ObsessionAbout 60% of stalking casesStalker seeks power and controlOften an extension of domestic abuse“If I can’t have you, nobody will”
StalkingLove ObsessionCasual acquaintances or strangersPerpetrators have low self-esteemSeek love relationship
Stalking ErotomaniaPublic figures are often targetsPerpetrator often mentally ill, delusionalViolence rare
Stalking
VengeancePerpetrator does not seek personal
relationshipElicit response or change of behavior in
victim, usually for perceived injustice or rights violation
CyberstalkingCyberstalkingUse of computer to threaten or engage in
unwanted advances toward anotherMotives often control and power, similar to
stalkingDeindividuation
Internet provides anonymity
CyberbullyingCyberbullyingIntentional and repetitive harm inflicted
through the medium of electronic forms of contact
Girls often victimsShort durationAnonymity
Hostage TakingHostage TakingInstrumental
Material gain
ExpressivePsychological motivesAchieve control over own life
Hostage-takingFBI Four CategoriesFBI Four Categories Terrorists Prisoners Criminals Mentally disordered
Hostage TakingBarricade SituationBarricade SituationStrategies for Negotiation
Most dangerous time is first 15 to 45 minutesRemain calm and contain situationAllow offender to feel some controlRecognize that time is hostage ally
Hostage-takingStockholm SyndromeStockholm SyndromeHostage is attracted to captorConditions under which it may occur
Hostage taker and victim have been together for length of time
Hostage taker and victim have had direct social contact
Hostage is treated kindlyRare occurrence
Strentz Hostage TypesStrentz Hostage Types
London Syndrome » Hostage argues, detrimental to hostage
Type Psychological Reaction
Survivors Able to return to healthy, meaningful life
after incident
Succumbers
Do not survive incidentConsiderable difficulty
coping
ArsonArsonUCR guidelines, fire determined to be willfully
or maliciously setYoung males commit majorityMany incidents go undetected, underreported
or unsolved
ArsonWillful or malicious
attempt to burn
FiresettingAn abnormal fascination with fire accompaniedby attempts to start fires, usedin child psychopathyliterature
Developmental Stages of FiresettingDevelopmental Stages of FiresettingPhase Description
Fire interest
Ages 5-7Normal fascination
Fire play
Ages 5-9Experimentation
Firesetting
After age 10, continue to use fire to destroy,
communicateSignificant problems
throughout life
Six Motives of ArsonistsSix Motives of Arsonists Revenge, spite or jealousy Vandalism or malicious mischief Crime concealment Profit or insurance fraud Intimidation, extortion, terrorism, sabotage Pyromania or other psychological motives
ArsonBehavioral TypologyBehavioral TypologyExpressive-person »
Most common, mental disorders cry for help
Expressive-object »
Serial firesettersFascination with fire
Instrumental-person »
Failed relationshipsAnger motivation
Instrumental-object »
Antisocial historyCovering other crimes
PyromaniaPyromaniaMultiple episodes of deliberate and purposeful
firesetting High level of tension or arousal released after
fireLittle evidence of sexual arousal
Bombings and Explosive IncidentsBombings and Explosive IncidentsMischief or vandalism is most frequent motiveResearch limitedRequires skillCompulsive bombers-childhood fascination
with bombs
Chapter 15Key ConceptsKey Concepts
ArsonBarricade situationRobberyCognitive scriptCyberbullyingCybercrimeCyberstalkingErotomania stalking
Expressive-object pattern
Expressive-person pattern
Expressive hostage taking
FiresettingInstrumental
hostage taking
Chapter 15Key ConceptsKey Concepts
Instrumental-object pattern
Instrumental-person pattern
London syndromeLove obsession
stalkingPyromania
Simple obsession stalking
StalkingStockholm
syndromeStreet cultureStrong-arm robberySuccumbersSurvivorsVengeance stalking