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Village Microplanning : Vehicle for Decentralized District Planning
Lessons from Maharashtra
Presented To
The National Advisory-cum-Review Committee on BRGFOctober 31, 2009
YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN ACADEMY OF DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
The Challenge of Decentralized Planning
How?
ICDS-IV
CDAP BRGF
NREGA
SSARCH
NRHM
TSC
DIS T R I
CT
P GL NA IN N
Key Questions• How to generate village plans?
– How will communities get mobilized?– Do communities have the requisite competencies?– What should be the nature of village plans?
• How to integrate village plans into the district plan?– Will village plans ever fit into sector schemes & guidelines?– How to consolidate and integrate village plans?– Who will decide what to include and what to exclude?– How to tackle conflicting demands / priorities?
• How to achieve balance human development through decentralized planning?– How to target human development through decentralization?– How will communities participate in implementation of plans?– How will they monitor the implementation?
Section-IVillage Microplanning
Participatory EmpowermentSensitization
Mobilization
Organization
Collective Reflection
Awareness
Negotiation / Conflict Resolution
Consensus
Collective Action
S
E
L
F
RELI
A
NC
E
External Facilitation
Empowering Communities to Plan their Own Development
• A five-day participatory process of community mobilization using PRA techniques
• Focus on key areas of human development
• Participatory village and household surveys for creation of baseline data
• Identification and prioritization of development issues by communities themselves
• Result : a village development plan prepared by the community
The 5-Day Process of Microplanning
• The process followed is same as that suggested on page 92-93 (Box 38) of the Manual for Integrated District Planning
• Broad Schedule :Day one: Rapport establishment & confidence buildingDay two: Village stocktaking and database creation Day three: Data analysis and identification of issues Day four: Identification and prioritization of solutionsDay five: Formulation of village plan and formation of
action committees
Microplanning in Maharashtra• A joint initiative of UNICEF-Mumbai, YASHADA,
district administration and an alliance of NGOs
• Over 12000 villages across 110 blocks in 27 districts covered so far
• Funding carved out of existing programmes such as ICDS, Jalswaraj, TSP, NRHM, etc.
• Efforts to pool together all IEC funds in a district to support microplanning in every village
• Efforts to link microplanning to BRGF, NREGA and such other programmes, which mandate decentralized plans
How it Works?
• YASHADA & UNICEF act as an overall catalyst
• A network of NGOs for local support and anchor
• A network of master trainers for capacity building
• Local youth are trained to act as ‘facilitators’ and ‘volunteers’
• MoUs are signed between YASHADA, district administration and local NGOs
• Funds are carved out of existing programmes
Key Steps
• District and block level orientation workshops to determine the coverage of microplanning and availability of funds
• Identification of NGOs
• Identification of local youth
• Training of officials, NGOs & facilitators / volunteers
• Collection of secondary data on key services and human development indices in that area
• Conduct of 5-day process of village microplanning
• Formation of village committees to follow up the plan
Village Development Plan
• Broad & thematic in nature
• Reflects a consensual view of village majority
• Lists down development needs in an order of priority
• Does not include technical / financial estimates
• Does not reflect regional needs such as watershed development, inter-village roads, etc.
Section-IIBlock Response Planning
Responding to Demand :The Block Response Plan
• Redefinition of development priorities, allocations, and programmes in a block to match the supply with demand
• A multi-stakeholder process involving community representatives, block administration, panchayat raj institutions, NGOs and experts.
• Reengineering of planning processes to make them people-centric rather than scheme-centric
• Piloted in four blocks of Maharashtra
• Consolidation of village plans at the block level and aggregation of needs / priorities
• Mapping of key facilities and services in the block
• Identification of service gaps through: norms vis-a-vis actual availability
• Cross-check of service gaps with the community needs / priorities
Steps in Block Response Planning …
• Cross check of needs /priorities with the block human development index
• Sector-wise mapping of the existing pattern of allocations at block level
• Comparison of existing allocations with the service gaps and community needs
• Identification of key areas of demand-supply mismatch
Steps in Block Response Planning …
• Comprehensive mapping of fund availability in a block : central, state, local and non-governmental sources of funds
• Pooling of funds to match allocations with the actual demand
• Convergence of programmes to match allocations with the actual outcomes
• Vetting of block response plan by the block council
Steps in Block Response Planning …
Section-IIIParticipatory Monitoring &
Social Audit
The Community Score Card
• Selection of key services by communities
• Determination of quality indicators and score-scales (normally a five point scale) jointly by communities and service providers
• A round of service assessment and ranking by communities
• Another round of service assessment and ranking by service providers
• Common discussions and decisions on the two sets of scores in the gramsabha along with the block officials and NGOs
Inferences
• Participatory community mobilization can serve as a common vehicle for village level planning under different components of a district plan such as BRGF, NREGA, CDAP, etc.
• Planning under these different components must happen concurrently so that the resultant village plan is truly convergent and makes optimal use of available resources
• Technical support structures established under these different components / programmes also need to be pooled together
• A good BRGF plan can emerge only if planning under all sectors / programmes happens in an integrated manner and it finally converges on certain key gaps to be bridged through BRGF
Thank You !