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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

Submitted to Dr. Shahab Mughal Asst. Professor

Submitted by Irfan Husain Shaikh

Sind Development Studies Center

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Title Page 1

Table of Content 2

Background 3

Goal and Objective of the Survey 3

Methodology 3-4

Survey findings 5-9

Key vulnerabilities 10-11

Key capacities 11

Recommendation 11-12

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BACKGROUND

Dr. Shahab Mughal Asst. Professor Sind Development Studies Center, University

of Sindh Main campus has assign me the task to conduct the socio-economic

survey as a part of academic learning. The survey was scheduled on Feb, 14, 2015

at village Jaffar Khan Jalbani. As a student the major aim of this survey is to be

aware and be familiar with the rural society, their socio-economic issues and

potential for development. Which is a pre-requirement for the student of Rural

Development Studies.

GOAL 1. To develop the village profile

OBJECTIVES 1. To bring fore the current socio-economic status of the village

2. To assess the basic needs of the village.

3. To identify areas for interventions

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

Focus Group Discussion

A focus group was conducted with

six respondents belonging to

different caste groups found in the

village to obtain general

information about the village and

identify ways to build on this

information through data

collection. The FDG also provided

an opportunity to obtain the

support of the villagers. These

FDGs were useful in obtaining information on demography, culture and lifestyle,

livelihood, healthcare, education, infrastructure, and services.

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General Observation

A transit walk was finally made with the

villagers to get an understanding of the

overall environment, activities, and

problems. An important purpose of the

transit walk was to assess the credibility of

the information sought from focus group

and informant interviews.

Key Informant Interview

Key informant interview were conducted

with school teachers and village elders.

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SURVEY FINDINGS

Village Jaffar Khan Jalbani is characterized as an under-develop rural society,

villagers live in clusters of small scale settlements locally named as bastis usually

relatives with old traditions, norms and customs. The livelihood of estimated 90

percent of the population is dependent upon agricultural and allied activities.

Rare proportion of the population is involved in services, market related activity

and trading, including general stores, easy paisa shops, local hotels and cabins.

Village is situated in Deh Chhachh, Taluka Chambar II, District Tandoallahyar. It

is bounded on the east by Village Hassan Laghari and Siddique Arain, on the

west by Village Bahaddur Khan Jalbani, on North by Dalelabad and on the South

by Imdad Ali Patafi Farms. Chamber, which serves as the hub-center of the

village, is located at a distance of 5 kilometers from the village. Tandoallayar city

is 25 km away from the village.

The village covers a geographic area of around 1500 acres and has a population

of around 1600 people dwelling in some 250-300 houses. Major communities in

the village include Jalbani, Nothkani, Arain and Laghari. Other ethnic groups

include Machi, Kohli and Bheels. The locally spoken language is Saraike.

POPULATION

DIFFERENT CAST GROUP: Estimated population of the village is nearly 1600 (including

est. 800 males and 700 females) from six different caste groups. Relative

proportion of these castes in numbers is shown below:

Jalbani 600

Notkani 400

Arian 200

Laghari 200

Kohli 100

Bheel 100

AGE GROUP OF POPULATION: Estimated population for different age groups is shown

below:

Below 5 years 500

6-20 years 400

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21-40 years 300

41-60 years 200

Above 69 years 100

LIVELIHOOD

The main economic activity of the people is farming with estimated 85% of the

households engaged in agriculture. Rest are engaged in private businesses,

services sector, government and private jobs, and market trading. Requirements

of food are fulfilled from subsistence farming.

AGRICULTURE

LANDHOLDING: 15% of the population is

land less out of which 05% are involve

in marketing and trading, 10% are small

farmers having 1-2 ha land, while nearly

70% are large farmers having above 2

acre of land.

LAND USE PATTERN: Out of total 1500

acre land, 1100 acre is wet irrigated

land which is under-cultivation. The

livelihood of people is dependent on

Dhora Adjacent Naseer canal. 80 to 100

acre of land in uncultivable barren land. 03 to 04 acre of land is used for the

purposes other than agriculture including schools and market. 60 to 70 acre of land

is under pasture. 15 acres is covered with trees and 05 to 07 acres is un-cropped

land.

SOIL TYPE: Out of total 1500 acres 85% of land is clay loam, 10 % sandy, and 08%

is saline/alkali land.

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CROPPING PATTERN: Cropping pattern for Rabi and Kharif crops is shown below.

Season Crops Varity Area cultivated in ha

Rabi (Nov 15, Dec

1)

Kherif (March 15,

May 15)

Cotton BD: 702, 601, 602, 182, 55, 1000, 90

300 acre

Sugar can Thata ten, dl4, 246, 240, 234

200 acre

Tomato Hybrid 30 acre

Chile Hybrid, Shimla 20 acre

Sughar can Thata ten, dl4, 246, 240, 234

300 acre

Wheat TD1, kiran 95, saher

300 acre

Sarsuh Hybrid, tanto seed

150 acre

Tomato Hybrid 30 acre

LIVESTOCK: The estimated population of animals according to the villagers, was

recorded as: 250 goats, 10 to 15 cows, 100 to 150 buffalos, 05 to 10 bullock’s, 02

camels, 150 to 200 chickens and 13 to 15 horse and donkeys.

OFF FARM ACTIVITY: The market trading is base on small local market comprising of

40 to 50 shops including general stores, medical stores, small hotels, cycle or

motorbike repairing shops. One brick chambers and a sugar mill is located

adjacent to the village and is an important source of livelihood for the land less and

the labor force.

INFRASTRUCTURE

ROADS: A main road connects the village to the hub-center Chamber and with the

city of Tandoallayar. Roads inside the village are mainly kachi roads.

HOUSING: There are estimated 250 to 300 houses. Most of the houses are made

up of concrete and are characterized as Pucca, some of the people are living in

hut/ thatched. Traditionally, people live with relatives in small colony locally name

as basti.

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HEALTH & SANITATION:

There is only one private clinic (dispensary) and one medical store in the village.

Toilets exist in most of the concrete (pacca) houses, but there is no toilet in kacha

houses or in huts. There are estimated 250 to 300 toilets in the village, 3 toilets

exist in schools one in private school and two exist in government schools. There

is no public/ common toilet in the village. Government has not developed the

drainage infrastructure and all the villagers dispose their waste in underground

tanks.

DRINKING WATER FACILITIES: Government has not developed water infrastructure in

the village. Hand pumps are the major source of drinking water. There are

estimated 270 to 300 hand pumps, 07 overhead tanks, and 01 bore well in the

village.

Under-ground water tanks, street taps, individual connection, open tanks and

percolation pound are not found in the village.

FUEL FOR TRANSPORT: Nearest petrol and CNG pump is located within 2 km from the

village. 3 petrol pumps are located within 05 km. Diesel and petrol are available

through shop traders within the village. Local transport includes buses, riksha, lorry

and van.

FUEL FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS: Gas connections and bio-gas plants are not available

in the village; kerosene is available in few shops. Common poll resources play an

important role and estimated 70% people depend on locally found wood and 30%

purchase the wood from the market for the household needs. Most of the forest

land is now used for cultivation because water is now available through irrigation.

ELECTRICITY: Electricity is available in the village. Nearly every house has tube lights

and bulbs in their houses. But there is no arrangement for street lighting in the

village. People tend to use sodium lamp and torch lights when necessary during

travelling at nights.

GOVT. ORGANIZATION: There is no police station in the village. The nearest station

is located within 5 km in Chamber. However, police patrolling is carried out in the

village. There are two commercial banks namely Habib Bank Limited and National

Bank of Pakistan located within 5 km. The nearest electricity board (power house)

is 3 km far from the village. The telecommunication board is also located in the

main village. Shops of seed and fertilizer is located within 5 km.

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Agriculture, horticulture, fishery, livestock and forestry departments does not exist

in the village or nearby.

COMMUNICATION: Radio and television transmissions reach the village. There are

around 20 to 30 radio sets, 03 public TV in hotels and 150 to 200 private TV in

Houses. People own approximately 2000 mobile phones. Post office, telegraph

office, public telephone, private phone booth, newspaper and internet facility is not

available in the village.

EDUCATIONAL STATUS

Educational facilities are the key indicator about the socio-economic status of the

village. 80% of the population are illiterate.

PRIMARY SCHOOL: There are 03 primary

schools in the village: two are public

and one is private which is built by

UNICEF and operated by Nari Welfare

Association. Total 181 students

enrolled in private primary school out

of which 65 are male and 106 are

female.

In two government primary schools,

388 student are enrolled out of which

238 are male and 150 are female

students.

HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL: There is one higher secondary school building but it is

not functional. Electricity, toilets, water and sanitation facility is available in the

building but teacher and other staff is not available, rather do not come on duty

despite being on government payroll. Therefore the students of higher secondary

school are forced to take their classes in primary schools.

The facility of College and Technical education institutions are also absent.

COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION: There is only one non-government organization

namely Nari Welfare Organization is working on primary and technical education

and delivering training on handicraft to women of the village.

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Farmer’s association, water user’s association, village development committee,

milk society, co-operative society, youth club, and welfare club do not exist in the

village.

KEY VULNERABILITIES

Education remain a neglected area as schools lack essential necessities and teaching staffs. The educational status of people is critically low at all levels of education and needs to be improved through comprehensive policy and action. Most of the villagers are illiterate (i.e cannot read or write a sentence with understanding). Only a small proportion of children are attending school. Many others either work or wander in the streets and waste their time at various places throughout the day

There is a general neglect of healthcare and the health status of the population is seriously affected by this neglect. The nearest hospital is located around 5 km but lacks basic medical provisions. The only private medical clinic in the village is run by an ataai doctor. People, after having developed serious implications, travel long to reach to the hospitals and clinics in Tandoallahyar, and Hyderabad.

Provision of clean drinking water and sanitation is also a problem as no attempt has been made by the government to improve water supply and sanitation. Predominantly, underground water is used for drinking and other household purposes. Sewerage and sanitation system are also poorly functioning with efforts made by villagers on their part alone. People living in huts are more valuable, they have no hand pumps and toilets in their hurts, and they are tend to go in open agricultural land for toilet purpose. Further more people in general have very little or no awareness about proper hygienic practices, such as cleaning of their toilets, washing hands properly, wearing sleepers etc.

Fuel wood is available but it is diminishing not because of increase in demand but because easy availability of water for cultivation that results in deforestation, most of the forest land is now under cultivation. People now tend to purchase the fuel wood from the market which is costly.

The non-farm sector is under-developed. Consequently, there are little opportunities for landless people in the village to carry out income

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generation activities. The only option is market trading, laboring in sugar mill and labor outside the village.

Crime is also increasing in the village particularly money, mobile and motorbike snatching.

Lack of support to farmer and other inhabitant in terms of social security, or welfare schemes.

KEY CAPACITIES

Marketing and trading can be improved or developed, local market has the potential to attract consumer from the nearby villages.

Young boys and girls are motivated and are interested in getting education.

People are becoming familiar and aware about modern science and technologies like mobile, computer, television, internet and agriculture technologies and farming methods.

RECOMMENDATION

Government and non-government sector should provide health care facilities. There is a need for developing basic health units in the village.

There is a need for starting sensitization project to minimize the unhygienic health condition. At least to traditional birth attendants, and some health promoters, along with the provisioning of first aid boxes, to minimize the health consequences.

There is a need to develop coordination (committees) between the

farmers especially between influential persons, so they can sort the

common problems by their own and can think for the betterment of their

society.

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There is a need for developing coordination in between landless laborer,

as to increase their bargaining power against the landlord.

Government must give incentives to farmers in terms of social security or

welfare schemes.

Improvements can be made in education; building and maintaining

infrastructure, hiring and ensuring attendance of competent teaching

staff and mobilization process to improve enrollment rate especially in

higher secondary education.

There is need of providing technical and vocational training to develop

the skills of electrician, mechanics, plumbers Etc.

Clean drinking water should be provided to the people living in hurts,

hand pumps can be install to minimize the health hazards.

Installation of common toilets is also required especially for the people

living in hurts.