Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

“I Have a Dream” - Dr Martin Luther KingThis is the climax of a speech delivered by the Reverend Dr Martin Luther King at a civil rights march in Washington on 28th August 1963. It is one of the most powerful and most famous speeches of the 20th Century.

So I say to you, my friends, that even though we must face the difficulties of

today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American

dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed – we

hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and

sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day, even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with

the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an

oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they

will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. I have

a dream today.

I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, with its vicious racism, with its

governor's lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be

transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join

hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. I

have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain

shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be

made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it

together.

This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South.

With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of

hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into

a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.

With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle

together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be

free one day. This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________new meaning, "My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where

my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring."

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.

So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.

Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.

Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado!

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California!

But not only that.

Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!

Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

This speech is not finished. Write what you think might be the last 5 lines of the speech.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_________

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

“I HAVE A DREAM” Martin Luther King

REPETITION. Highlight these words in the speech. How many times is each word used?o Freeo Freedomo Faitho Dream

Repeated sentence patterns. Highlight and list repeated phrases which begin with a verb (“Let…).

Highlight and list other repeated patterns. (E.g. “This is …”) How many times is it used?

PERSONAL PRONOUNS. On your copy of the speech, highlight all the personal pronouns “I”, “we” and “you”

Find verbs which refer to the future (e.g. Will rise up, will be transformed). Highlight them and copy them out.

RELIGIOUS IMAGERY. Highlight and list all the words to do with God, religion or words which may have come from holy books.

Martin Luther King has used a quotation. Copy it out. “ ____________________________________________________ “

Where do you think it comes from: a novel the bible a hymn a President’s election speech

Highlight and list all the words that refer to America, the nation or to names of American states.

WRITING TASK The speech is unfinished. Finish the last section in the same style.

Explain the language remembering to include your point, explanation and examples.

I think Martin Luther King uses religious words because ….

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________I think he uses the repetition of “Let freedom ring …” because

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

Chief Joseph’s speech

“I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead.

Toohoolhoolzote is dead. The old men are all dead. Ollokot, he who led

the young men, is dead.

“It is cold, and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to

death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no

blankets, no food. No one knows where they are – perhaps freezing to

death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of

them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead.

“Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where

the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.”

Directions: Find, underline and number examples of where:1. He goes into detail about the misery of their living conditions 2. He gives evidence to back up what he says.3. He repeats his message and sums up the situation4. He gives an overall view of the situation for his people5. He talks personally but on behalf of his tribe6. The speech becomes more personal and emotional

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________Lesson 2. Chief Joseph’s speech.

Starter: Techniques Martin Luther King used. Cloze exercise.

Key ideas repetition Emotive wordsRepetitionReligious wordsPersonal pronouns “I”, “we”, “you”,

Learning objectives To identify purpose of a speech AF6 To work out the structure of a speech. AF4 To identify some of the techniques the speaker has used. AF4

(Answer to cloze)In his powerful, moving and emotive speech, Martin Luther King uses techniques which we will find in many speeches. For example, he repeats key ideas and words so that the audience will remember them. Examples of key words repeated are “free”, “freedom”, “dream” and faith”. Not only are key words repeated, but phrases and sentence patterns are repeated too. Repeated phrases and patterns such as “I have a dream”, “With this faith”. “we will be able to work together, we will be able to pray together, to struggle together …” and “Let freedom ring from …” give an emotional feeling to his words. Martin Luther King also uses a number of religious words which also give importance and emotion to his words. Examples are “God’s children”, “faith”, and “Lord”. He also reminds people that America is a great land that stands for freedom and justice.

/tt/file_convert/5acde1757f8b9a63398e9af7/document.docx

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

“I Have a Dream” - Dr Martin Luther King

In his …………………………………., moving and emotive speech, Martin Luther King uses techniques which we will find in many ………………………………….. For example, he ………………………………………. key ideas and words so that the ………………………………………….. will remember them. Examples of key words repeated are “…………………………………………”, “freedom”, “……………………………………………….” and faith”. Not only are key words repeated, but phrases and sentence patterns are repeated too, such as “I have a dream”, “With this faith”. “we will be able to work together, we will be able to pray …………………….., to ……………………. together …” and “Let freedom ring from …”. These give an emotional feeling to his words. Martin Luther King also uses a number of …………………………….. words which give importance and emotion to his words. Examples are “God’s children”, “faith”, and “……………………… ”. He also reminds people that America is a ……………………… land that stands for freedom and justice.

Word bank (there are 2 extra words you don’t need)Audience love struggle Lord dream free together powerful repeats speeches great

religiousFight

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

A Powerful Speech – Chief Joseph’s Speech

I. A powerful beginning is important to get your readers’ attention straight away. Look again at the first sentence of Chief Joseph’s speech: I am tired of fighting.

a. Do you think this sentence would get the readers’ attention? Why?

b. Chief Joseph says he is tired of fighting. Do you think he means: He can go no further and needs to sleep? He has had enough and does not want to fight any more? He can no longer bear to see the results of the fighting?

Explain what you think he means and why you think this…

c. Do you think he is speaking for himself or for his whole tribe when he describes how he feels?

II. Providing evidence is a good way to develop your ideas.In the middle of the speech Chief Joseph provides evidence to convince his listeners.

a. What evidence does he include? Find at least three examples.1.

2.

3.

b. How does this evidence prove that he is tired of fighting?

III. A good speech needs a memorable conclusion.At the end of his speech Chief Joseph goes back to the point he made at the beginning. What is this point?

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

Finding examples of powerful speaking – Chief Joseph’s Speech

Find examples of rhetorical devices from this speech. Copy and complete the chart. Find EXAMPLES from the speech of and EXPLAIN its effect

DEVICE EXAMPLE THE EFFECT OF THIS IS…

A powerful opening statement “I am tired of fighting. The audience feels sorry. A short simple statement immediately sums up his feelings

Repetition (Key words or phrases)

“freezing to death”; “dead”

first person pronouns “I am tired”, “Our chiefs are killed”, “Hear me, my chiefs”

Addressing the audience directly

Emotive language It arouses feeling of pity and sadness in the audience. The words convey the speaker’s despair.

Short simple sentences “Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohoolhoolzote is dead. The old men are all dead.”

Referring to individual People

Alliteration “My heart is sick and sad”.

SpeechUnit8_09

Rhetorical Questions

Use of specific examples.

Alliteration

Short simple sentences

Emotive language

Use of pronouns-I, WE YOU.

Repetition

A powerful opening

Rhetorical devices

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

RHETORICAL DEVICES WEB…

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

SUGGESTED ANSWERS – TEACHER COPY

RHETORICAL DEVICE. The writer uses:

FOR EXAMPLE EXPLAIN. It suggests/ makes the audience feel… conveys the idea that…

A powerful opening statement

“I am tired of fighting. The audience feels sorry. A short simple statement immediately sums up his feelings

Key words or phrases repeated

“freezing to death”; “dead”

These are the powerful point he wants the audience to remember.

first person pronouns

“I am tired”, “Our chiefs are killed”, “Hear me, my chiefs”

It helps the audience see event from his personal point of view

Addressing the audience directly

“Hear me, my chiefs. Hear me, my chiefs!”

It makes the audience listen because they are being spoken to directly.

Emotive language “death”, “dead”, “children” and “old men” dead.

It arouses feeling of pity and sadness in the audience. The words convey the speaker’s despair.

Short simple sentences

“Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohoolhoolzote is dead. The old men are all dead.”

The message is straightford and easy to take in. It suggests pauses in the speech which give time for reflection and thought. There’s nothing more to elaborate on – this is final.

Referring to individual People

“Looking Glass is dead. Toohoolhoolzote is dead.”

The pain is greater when he refers to real people who have died.

Alliteration “My heart is sick and sad”. The soft sounds make the audience feel sorry and emphasises his sadness.

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

Old Major’s Speech from Animal Farm by George Orwell

“Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and before I die I feel it is my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired. I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my stall, and I think I may say that I understand the nature of this life on earth as well as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you.

“Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has

come to an end, we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth.

“But is this simply part of the order of nature? Is it because this land of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it? No, comrades, a thousand times no! The soil of England is fertile, its climate is good, it is capable of producing food in abundance. This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep – and all of them living in comfort and dignity.

“Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There, comrades, is the answer to our problems. It is summed up in a single word – Man. Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished for ever.

“Man is the only creature than consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. You cows that I see before me, how many thousands of gallons of milk have you given during this last year? And what has happened to that milk which should have been breeding

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

up study calves? Every drop of it has gone down the throats of our enemies. And you hens, how many eggs have you laid this year, and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The rest have all gone to market to bring in money for Farmer Jones and his men. And you, Clover, where are those four foals that you bore? Each was sold at a year old – you will never see one of them again. In return for this and for all your labour in the field, what have you ever had but bare rations and a stall?

And even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural span. For myself I do not grumble, for I am one of the lucky ones. I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children. Such is the natural live of a pig. But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end. You young porkers (pigs) that are sitting in front of me, every one of you will scream your lives out at the block within a year. To that horror we all must come – cows, pigs, hens, sheep, everyone. You, Boxer, the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power, Jones will sell you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the fox-hounds. As for the dogs, when they grow old and toothless, Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond.

“Is it not crystal clear, then, comrades, that all the evils of this life spring from human beings? Only get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour could be our own. Almost overnight we could become rich and free. What then must we do? Why, work night and day, body and soul, for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you, comrades. Rebellion!”

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

For Old Major’s Speech from Animal Farm by George Orwell

DEVICE/FEATURE Find example

RHETORICAL QUESTION(s)

REPETITION

PATTERN OF 3

Addressing audience directly by name (making it personal and speific!ADDRESS the audience as YOU;

PERSONAL PRONOUNS (e.g. I, We)

EMOTIVE LANGUAGE

MORE EMOTIVE LANGUAGE: FRIGHTEN THEM

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE: IDENTIFY or NAME the ENEMY

SpeechUnit8_09

Name: ________________ Class: ____________ Date: ___________

SpeechUnit8_09