Name: ________________ Class Period: ___

ELA December Final ExamStudy Guide

Your exam wi l l consist of the fol lowing sections: 1. Parts of speech 2. Sentence Types3. Literary Elements 4. Ident ifying words using context clues 5. Reading Comprehension

It is important to be able to define the fol lowing terms:

Parts of Speech

NounA person, place, th ing, or idea.

The dog ran down the street.

VerbAn act ion word, something you can do.

The dog ran down the street.

PronounA word that replaces a noun in a sentence.

He ran down the street.

Adject iveA word that describes a noun.

The happy dog ran down the street.

AdverbA word that describes a verb, adject ive, or other adverb.

The dog ran quick ly down the street.

Article

There are only 3 art icles: a, an, the

The dog ran down the street.

Conjunct ionA word that connects two words or parts of a sentence. FANBOYS are correlat ive conjunct ions. Subordinat ing

conjunct ions come at the beginn ing of dependent clauses (because, if, however, when)The dog and the cat ran down the street because they saw a mai lman.

Proper noun

The specif ic name of a person, place, or th ing. They are always capital ized in a sentence.

The dog ran down Mulberry Street .

Preposit ion

A preposit ion is a word that shows the locat ion, t ime, or movement of another word in the sentence.

The dog ran down the street.

Sentence Types

Independent clause

A group of words that can stand alone as their own sentence.

The dog ran down the street.

Dependent clause

A group of words that CAN’T stand alone as their own sentence. Always begin with a subordinat ing conjunct ion.

because he saw a mai lman

Simple sentence

A sentence with one independent clause: subject and one verb.

The dog ran down the street.

Compound sentence

A sentence made up of 2 independent clauses joined by a FANBOY or a semicolon (;)

The dog ran down the street, and he stopped at the neighbor’s yard.

Complex sentence

A sentence made up of 1 independent clause and at least 1 dependent clause joined by a subordinat ing conjunct ion or a comma before the independent clause.

The dog ran down the street because he saw a mai lman .

Literary Elements

Characterizat ionThe process of describing what a character is l ike including both their personal i ty and their appearance.

Protagonist

The main character in a story. Does not have to be the “good guy.”

The Grinch in “How the Grinch stole Christmas”Simba in the Lion King”

Antagonist

The character/thing/event that causes the confl ict for the protagonist .

Christmas in “How the Grinch Stole Christmas.”Scar in “The Lion King”

DialogueWhen two character have a conversat ion in a story. Shown by using quotat ion marks (“ ”) to indicate speech.

Sett ing The t ime, place, and condit ion in which a story happens.

Mood The feel ings a reader gets as they read a story.

Plot

The events that happen in a story.

Confl ictA struggle or difference of opin ion between two character or a character and themselves.

External Confl ictA confl ict between a character and some outside force l ike another character or event.

Internal Confl ict

A struggle that takes place in the mind of a character.

Cl imax

The turning point in a story when the confl ict begins to be resolved.

Character

The people or animals that take part in act ion of a story.

Narrator

The person who tel ls the story.

Point of View

The perspect ive from which a story is told.

Theme

The main idea of a story. The topic of the story plus the message about that topic. (Topic + Message)