SOL REVIEW QUESTIONS - KEYWorld History and Geography to 1500 A.D.

WHI.3 REVIEW #11. What shaped how early human societies lived their lives? __physical environment2. On what continent did the first forms of man evolve? _____Africa 3. What form of early man emerged about 100,000 to 400,000 years ago? _____Homo Sapiens4. How did early man gain his food? ___Hunting and Gathering 5. Early man was able to overcome his physical environment because he developed what? __tools6. What is another name for the Old Stone Age? ___Paleolithic

WHI.3 REVIEW #27. Name 3 characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies. ____nomadic, lived in clans, hunted, gathered8. What is the Middle Stone Age? ___ Mesolithic9. What developed during the Old Stone Age? ____fire, tools, language art 10. A person who migrates in search of food, water and shelter is a? __hunter gatherer 11. What group developed the first tools and weapons? ______homo habilis 12. What is another name for the New Stone Age? _____Neolithic13. What developed during the New Stone Age? ___agriculture, domesticated animals, better tools,

pottery, clothing14. What gave man a reliable source of food? _____farming

WHI.3 REVIEW #315. What does domestication mean? _____taming plants/animals16. Who studies past cultures by locating & analyzing human remains, settlements, fossils, and

artifacts? __archaeologists 17. What does carbon dating do? ____tells how old something is18. What is an artifact? ____man-made object from past19. What archaeological site in England was built during the Neolithic period and completed during

the Bronze Age? ____ Stonehenge 20. Name 2 Fertile Crescent cities that are now archaeological sites. ______Aleppo, Jericho 21. What Neolithic archaeological site is located in Anatolia?___Catalhoyuk

WHI.3 REVIEW #422. Where did the first permanent Neolithic settlements appear? ___river valleys of the Fertile

Crescent 23. What did river valleys provide for early civilizations? ____good soil, protection, transport24. What area is located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? ___ Mesopotamia25. Egypt is located next to what river? _______Nile26. What river valley civilization was located in India? _____Indus River Valley27. On what rivers were China's river civilization located? ___Huang He or Yellow

WHI.3 REVIEW #528. Name 3 advantages of river valley civilizations. ____rich soil, irrigation, protection29. The area located from the Mediterranean coast to Mesopotamia is called what? ____Fertile

Crescent 30. What group spread the Alphabet? ____Phoenicians31. Which group was the first to preach monotheism? __Judaism32. Where were the "Cradles of Civilization" located? _____Mesopotamia

WHI.3 REVIEW #633. Who ruled Egypt? __Pharaohs 34. What is a dynasty? ____When power is passed down through a family35. What political system is characterized by a city and its surrounding lands? ___City states36. What is an empire? ___Large political area with one ruler37. What is a government based on religion? __Theocracy

WHI.3 REVIEW #738. What was the world's first written law code? _____Hammurabi’s Code39. What were two metals used to make tools and weapons? ____Bronze and Iron40. What group traded throughout the Mediterranean Sea and on Middle Eastern rivers?

_____Phoenicians 41. What did most cultures use to do heavy labor? _____Slaves42. Define polytheism. ___Having many gods

WHI.3 REVIEW #843. What type of religion did the Hebrews follow? ____Judaism44. What is the religion of the Hebrews? ____Monotheistic45. What are the Ten Commandments? ____Rules for Judaism46. What is the holy city of the Hebrews? ___Jerusalem47. What is the belief in one God? _____Monotheism

WHI.3 REVIEW #948. What contains the written records and beliefs of the Hebrews? ___Torah49. The earliest written symbols were called what? ___Cuneiform50. What are hieroglyphics? ___Pictures that represent words51. What is cuneiform? ___Sumerians wedge shaped writing52. What civilization developed the alphabet as we know it? ___Phoenicians

WHI.3 REVIEW #1053. What was the main religion of Persia? ____Zoroastrianism 54. Why did the Persians treat the people they conquered well? ____So they wouldn’t rebel55. What is a bureaucracy? _____people who work for the government56. What was a belief of Zoroastrianism? __Two gods, one good one evil

WHI.4 REVIEW #1157. What are the rivers of India? __Indus and Ganges58. What was India's rigidly structured social system based on occupation? _____Caste System59. Name 3 geographic barriers which made invading India harder. __Himalayas, Hindu Kush,

Indian Ocean60. Through the passes of what mountain range did invaders reach India? ___Khyber Pass

WHIA REVIEW #1261. Name 2 early Indus River Valley civilizations. ____Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro62. What group migrated to India developing a caste system? ______Aryans63. Name 3 contributions of Asoka's empire. ____ Spread of Buddhism, free hospitals, roads64. Name 5 non-religious contributions of Gupta India. _____medicine, astronomy, math, textiles

and literature

WHI.4 REVIEW #1365. What mathematical concept did the Gupta Empire develop? __concept of 0

66. What medical advance did the Gupta Empire develop? _____setting bones67. What astronomical concept did the Gupta Empire develop? _____concept of a round Earth68. What was the religion of classical India? ____Hinduism69. The Indian cycle of rebirth is called what? ____Reincarnation70. What is reincarnation based on? _____Karma

WHI.4 REVIEW #1471. What are the sacred writings of Hinduism? ____Vedas, Upanishads72. What religion did Siddhartha Gautama begin? _____Buddhism73. Who was Buddha? ___founder, Siddhartha Gautama, former prince74. What are the 2 basic beliefs of Buddhism? ___Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path75. Buddhists believe you should give up ___ material goods

WHI.4 REVIEW #1576. Who sent missionaries to spread Buddhism throughout Asia? __Asoka77. Where did Asoka's missionaries spread Buddhism? ____China78. In what river valley was classical China's' civilization located? ____Huang He79. What is another name for the Huang He? _____Yellow River80. Why was the Great Wall built? ____Keep invaders out81. What 2 religions did China contribute to civilization? _____Confucianism, Taoism

WHI.4 REVIEW #1682. Who built the Great Wall of China? _______Qin Shi Huangdi83. The ruling families of China were called what? _____Dynasties84. What was the Mandate of Heaven? ____As long as they were good rulers the Gods would allow

them to rule85. What connected China to cultures as far away as Rome? ___ Silk Road

WHIA REVIEW #1786. Name 4 contributions of classical China. ____paper, porcelain, fireworks, bureaucracy 87. Name 5 beliefs of Confucianism. __Humans are good, Respect Elders, Politeness, Education,

Ancestor Worship

WHI.5 REVIEW #1888. What religion believes man should live simple lives in harmony with nature? _____Taoism89. What symbol represents opposites in Taoism and Confucianism? ____Yin/Yang90. What 3 religions were practiced in China? __Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism

WHI.5 REVIEW #1991. What geographic feature shaped the economic, social, and political development of Greece?

____Mountains92. What sea is located east of Greece? ____Aegean Sea93. On what 2 peninsulas is Greece located? _____Balkan, Peloponnesus94. What sea is located south of Greece? _____Mediterranean Sea

WHI.5 REVIEW #2095. What was the chief occupation of the Greeks? ____agriculture and trade96. Why was agriculture limited in ancient Greece? ___limited arable land97. What geographical feature isolated and hindered the development of Greek city-states?

___mountains

WHI.5 REVIEW #2198. What did the design of Greek city-states promote? ___civic life99. Why did the Greeks colonize outside Greece? ____overpopulation, to find farmland100. The Greeks practiced what kind of religion? _____polytheism101. Name 3 things Greek mythology explained. _____natural phenomena, human qualities,

life events102. The Gods of GreeceWhat did Zeus represent? ___King of Gods, lightningWhat did Hera represent? ___Goddess of MarriageWhat did Apollo represent? ___God of light and SunWhat did Artemis represent? ___Goddess of the hunt and moon

WHI.5 REVIEW #22103. What did Athena represent? _______goddess of wisdom, patron goddess of Athens104. What did Aphrodite represent? ___goddess of love and beauty105. What city-state had the most democratic government of its time? _____Athens106. Who could be Greek citizens? ______free adult males107. What responsibility did Greek citizens have? __civic participation in government

WHI.5 REVIEW #23108. What 3 groups had no political power? ___women, foreigners and slaves109. What kind of government was ruled by one family who inherited power?

_____Monarchy110. What government is ruled by a small group of nobles? ____Aristocracy 111. What government is ruled by one person who seized power? _Tyranny112. What government is ruled by citizens who could vote? __Democracy113. Who created written laws with severe punishments? ___Draco114. Who improved the legal system & expanded participation in the Assembly? ____Solon

WHI.5 REVIEW #24115. What Greek city-state had an oligarchy? ___Sparta116. What type of government is ruled by a small group? Oligarchy117. What was Spartan society like? ___Militaristic and Aggressive 118. When was the Persian War fought? __499-449 BC/BCE119. Name 2 battles of the Persian Wars. ___Marathon, Thermopylae

WHI.5 REVIEW #25

120. A result of the Persian War for the Greeks was the control of what sea? ___Aegean121. Which war came first--Peloponnesian or Persian? _____Persians122. What was the alliance headed by Athens? ___Delian League123. What was the alliance headed by Sparta? __Peloponnesian League124. The Golden Age of Pericles was between what wars? _Persian and Peloponnesian

WHI.5 REVIEW #26125. Who rebuilt Athens after the Persian Wars? ____Pericles126. What building was rebuilt after the Persian Wars? __Parthenon127. Name 2 Greek dramatic playwrights. _____Aeschylus, Sophocles128. Who wrote the Iliad & the Odyssey? ____Homer129. Name the first Greek historian. ___Herodotus130. What Greek historian wrote about the Peloponnesian War? ____Thucydides

131. Who was the Greek sculptor who created the statue of Athena in the Parthenon? ___Phidias

WHI.5 REVIEW #27132. What were the 3 types of Greek columns? ___Doric, Ionic, Corinthian133. Who was the Greek who developed the lever and pulley? ___Archimedes134. Who was the father of medicine? ______Hippocrates 135. Who was the father of geometry? ____Euclid136. Who developed a theory about right triangles? __Pythagoras137. Name 3 Greek philosophers. ____Socrates, Plato, Aristotle138. What Greek philosopher developed a method of teaching by asking questions of his

students? __Socrates139. What Greek philosopher wrote The Republic? _____Plato

WHI.5 REVIEW #28140. What Greek philosopher was the tutor of Alexander the Great? _Aristotle141. Who adopted Greek culture and spread Hellenistic culture throughout his empire?

___Alexander the Great142. Name 3 areas controlled by Alexander the Great. ____Greece, Egypt, India, Persia143. What did Alexander the Great spread? ____Greek cultural influence, Hellenistic144. Who conquered the Persian Empire and most of the ancient world? ___Alexander the

Great145. What was Hellenistic culture? ___Blend of Greek and Persian Cultures146. How was Hellenistic culture spread? ___ trade

WHI.6 REVIEW #29147. On what land form is Italy located? _Italian Peninsula148. What protected Italy from northern invaders? ___The Alps149. Name 2 advantages of Rome's location. _____Central location, distance from other

power150. What advantages did the Mediterranean Sea provide for Rome? ______protection and

trade151. What type of religion did Rome follow? ____polytheistic

WHI.6 REVIEW #30152. Roman mythology was based on what? ____Greek Mythology153. Name the Gods (hint- look back at the Greek Gods.

What did Jupiter represent? __king of GodWhat did Juno represent? ___goddess of marriageWhat did Apollo represent? ____god of light and sunWhat did Diana represent? _____goddess of huntWhat did Minerva represent? __goddess of wisdomWhat did Venus represent? ___goddess of love and beauty

WHI.6 REVIEW #31154. Name 3 groups in Roman society who had no political rights. _women, non-Romans,

slaves155. What was the foundation of modern democracy? ___Rome’s Representative democracy156. What was the highest Roman social class and who was in it? __patricians 157. The majority of Rome's population was what class? _plebeians158. Roman slavery was not based on what? __race

159. Who held citizenship in Rome? _patricians/plebeian men, selected foreigners

WHI.6 REVIEW #32160. Who had the privilege of voting in Rome? ~ __ patricians/plebeian men, selected

foreigners161. Name 2 responsibilities of Roman citizenship. Pay taxes, military service162. What kind of government did Rome have? _representative democracy163. The written laws of Rome were called what? _Twelve Tables164. The Punic Wars were between whom? Rome and Carthage

WHI.6 REVIEW #33165. The Punic Wars were fought because of competition for what? _trade166. Who invaded the Italian peninsula during the Second Punic War? _Hannibal167. Name 3 results of the Punic Wars? _Roman Victory, destruction of Carthage, expanded

trade168. The Third Punic War resulted in the destruction of what city? _Carthage169. At the end of the Punic Wars, Rome controlled the lands around what sea?

_Mediterranean170. Name 6 areas which became part of the Roman Empire after the Punic Wars. __Africa,

Asia, Europe, Gaul, Britain, Greece171. What caused civil war in the Roman Republic? _social change and economic conditions

WHI.6 REVIEW #34172. Name causes for the decline of the Roman Republic. __spread of slavery, migration of

small farmers to cities and unemployment, civil war with Julius Caesar173. Who was in the First Triumvirate? _Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar174. A civil war broke out between the Senate and whom? ____Julius Caesar175. What happened to Julius Caesar? ____was assassinated by Senate176. Who defeated Marc Anthony and Cleopatra? ___Octavian/Augustus Caesar177. Who was the first emperor of Rome? _____Augustus Caesar

WHI.6 REVIEW #35178. How did Rome unify and enlarge its empire? __Imperial Authority and Military179. What was a weakness of the Roman political system? ____no peaceful succession of

emperors180. What was the Pax Romana? __200 years of peace 181. Name 3 effects of the Pax Romana on the economy. ___established uniform currency,

trade, promotion of stability182. What effect did a uniform system of money have on the Roman Empire? __increased

trade183. Name 2 social impacts of the Pax Romana. ______return of stability of classes, increased

emphasis on family

WHI.6 REVIEW #36184. What were 2 results of the spreading of Christianity? ____conflict with Roman

Polytheism and changed western civ185. Christianity was based on what religion? ____Judaism186. Who originated Christianity? _Jesus187. What was Jesus proclaimed? __The Messiah or Prophet188. With what did Christianity conflict? ___Roman Polytheism

189. Name 3 basic beliefs of Christianity. ___Monotheism, Jesus is Messiah and life after death

190. What kind of religion was Christianity? _____monotheistic

WHI.6 REVIEW #37191. What was the holy book for Christians? _The Bible/New Testament192. What does the New Testament contain? __account of Jesus’ life193. Who established early Christian doctrine? ____early church councils194. What helped spread Christianity? ____popularity of message, Christian martyrs195. Why did the Romans persecute Christians? __Romans were polytheistic196. What was the goal of the Apostles? _____spread Christianity 197. Who helped to establish Christianity as a separate religion and spread Christianity

throughout the empire? _Paul198. As the Roman Empire declined, what became more important? __Church199. What emperor legalized Christianity? __Constantine

WHI.6 REVIEW #38200. What became the moral authority of the late Roman Empire? ____Christian Church201. What became more important than loyalty to the emperor after the fall of Rome?

__loyalty to Church202. What was the main unifying force in Western Europe after the fall of Rome?

___Christian Church203. What spread Roman culture and technology? ___conquest of Roman empire and trade204. What temple was built by Hadrian in Rome and has a freestanding dome? __Pantheon205. It was an amphitheater where gladiator games were held. ___Coliseum206. Name 3 examples of Roman technology. ___roads, aqueducts, Roman Arches

WHI.6 REVIEW #39207. This carried water to Roman cities. __Aqueduct208. Most Roman buildings have this architectural feature. __Roman Arch209. Who was Ptolemy? _scientist who believed earth was the center of the solar system210. Name 3 examples of public health in Rome. __Public baths, water systems and medical

schools211. What language did they speak in Rome? ___Latin212. Languages which came from Latin are called what? ___Romance Languages213. Name 3 Romance languages. ____Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian, Portuguese214. Who wrote the Aeneid? _____Virgil

WHI.6 REVIEW #40215. What principle of law came from Rome? __innocent until proven guilty216. What were the Twelve Tables? _laws of Roman republic and empire217. Why did the Western Roman Empire "fall"? ____internal and external problems218. How did Rome's geographic size cause it to fall? ___poor leadership219. Name 2 economic factors for the fall of Rome. __inflation and cost of defense220. Define inflation. ____prices rise while value of money decreases221. Who did the Roman army include at the "fall of Rome"? __Barbarians

WHI.6 REVIEW #41222. What was the result in the inclusion of non-Romans in the army? __decline of discipline223. What factor led to the moral decay of Rome? __loss of faith

224. Name 2 factors which increased Rome's political weakness. ___civil conflict and poor leadership

225. Who invaded the Roman Empire? ____Barbarians226. Who moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantiurn? _Constantine227. What became Byzantium's new name? ____Constantinople228. What event caused the "fall" of the Western Roman Empire? ____No Emperor in the

West229. What did the Eastern Roman Empire become? __Byzantine Empire

WHI.7 REVIEW #42230. What was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire? ___Constantinople 231. Why was the capital moved to Constantinople? ___political stability, money232. Name 4 advantages of Constantinople's location ___protection, away from invaders,

harbors, trade233. What ended the Byzantine Empire? ___Ottoman Turks234. The Byzantine Empire helped preserve what cultures? _____Greek and Roman235. Why was Constantinople important? _____center of trade236. Who first codified Roman law? _____Justinian237. What impact did Justinian's code have on western Europe? ____Basis of western law

codes238. Name 3 accomplishments of Justinian. ___Roman Law Code, reconquest of territory,

trade

WHI.7 REVIEW #43239. What Byzantine emperor reconquered many former Roman territories? ____Justinian240. What enabled a distinct Byzantine art and architecture to develop? __Greek Orthodox

Christianity241. What traditions were preserved by the Byzantine Empire? _____Greek, Roman242. What are the religious images of the Byzantine Empire? __Icons243. What is a mosaic? ___art made of small pieces244. Where were mosaics used? __in public and religious structures245. What Byzantine domed church is located in Constantinople? ____Hagia Sophia246. What civilizations influenced Byzantine culture? __Greek and Roman247. What language was spoken in the Byzantine Empire? ___Greek

WHI.7 REVIEW #44248. What type of Christianity was practiced in the Byzantine Empire? ____Greek Orthodox249. What did Byzantine libraries preserve? _____Greek and Roman knowledge250. What weakened the unity of the Christian Church? ___cultural and political differences251. Where was the Eastern church centered? ______Constantinople252. What language did the Eastern church use? _____Greek253. Where was the Western church centered? ___Rome254. What language did the Western church use? __Latin255. What was the result of the differences between the Eastern and Western Christian

churches? __split into two256. Who was accepted as the leader of the Western church? ____The Pope

WHI. 7 REVIEW #45257. Who was accepted as the leader of the Eastern church? ____Patricarchs/Bishops258. What civilization influenced Eastern Europe & Russia? ___Byzantine259. How was Eastern Europe and Russia influenced? ___Byzantine religion culture

260. How did Eastern Europe and Russia come into contact with the Byzantine Empire? __Trade261. What church did Russia and Eastern Europe adopt? __Orthodox262. Who developed an alphabet for the Slavic languages? _St. Cyril263. What was this alphabet called? __Cyrillic264. What civilization influenced Russian Orthodox architecture and art? __ Byzantine265. Name 3 achievements of Ivan the Great. ___defeated the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow, expanded Russia

WHI.8 REVIEW #46266. Who founded Islam? ___Muhammad267. What type of religion is Islam? ____Monotheism268. Who is The Prophet? __Muhammad269. What are the two holiest cities of Islam? ___Mecca and Medina270. Where are they located? _____The Arabian Peninsula271. Name 4 beliefs of Islam. ____Monotheism272. What does Allah mean? ____God

WHI.8 REVIEW #47273. What is the holy book of Islam? ___Quran/Koran274. Name the Five Pillars of Islam. _monotheism, charity, pray 5x, pilgrimage, fasting275. What did a common language and political unity help Muslims to do? __helped trade276. Islam spread along what type of routes? ___trade277. Name 3 geographic barriers Muslims overcame to spread their religion. ___distance, deserts and mountains278. Where did Islam spread? __Fertile Crescent, Iran, Central Asia, Africa279. Why was Islam able to spread into the Fertile Crescent and Central Asia? __Weak Persian and Byzantine Empire

WHI.8 REVIEW #48280. What language did the Muslims spread? ___Arabic281. What was easier due to a common language across Islamic lands? ___trade282. Slavery in Muslim countries was not based on: __race283. What caused Islam to divide into different sects? ___Death of Muhammad284. What are the 2 divisions of Islam? ___Sunni and Shia285. What cities in the Middle East were conquered by the Muslims? __Jerusalem and Damascus 286. The Islamic capital was moved to what city? __Baghdad287. What battle "saved" Europe from Muslim conquest? __Tours288. What invaders conquered Baghdad? __Mongols

WHI.8 REVIEW #49289. What characterized early Islamic civilization? __science and arts290. Name 5 contributions of Islamic culture, science and society. ___architecture, mosaics, alphabet, universities, books291. What Muslim mosque is in Jerusalem? ___Dome of the Rock292. What was the artistic form used by Muslims to decorate their mosques? ___mosaics293. How did Muslims save ancient texts? __translated into Arabic

WHI.9 REVIEW #50294. What gained importance as the Roman empire declined? _____Roman Catholic Church

295. What was the unifying force in western Europe after the fall of Rome? ___Church296. What needs of the people did the Roman Catholic Church serve? _____social, political and religious297. What 2 things did Christian missionaries bring to the Germanic tribes? __Christianity and Latin alphabet298. What title did Charlemagne gain? ___Emperor

WHI.9 REVIEW #51299. Who served the religious and social needs of the people? ___priests300. What kind of system was established in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire? ___feudalism301. Why did medieval Europe turn to feudalism? ___protection from invasions302. What did landholding lords promise in feudal agreements? ____protection303. What was the role of a King?304. What was the role of a vassal/knights?305. What was the role of a serf/peasant?

WHI.9 REVIEW #52306. What was the economic system of the Middle Ages. ____manoralism307. What kind of class structure did medieval Europe have? ____rigid class structure308. What did manors try to be? ____self sufficient 309. How did the Frankish kings expand their territory? ____military power310. What organization became politically powerful? __Catholic Church311. What did Charlemagne's empire include? ___Western Europe312. What were built to unite Charlemagne's empire? ___churches, roads schools313. What was Charlemagne’s empire called?

WHI.9 REVIEW #53312. What disrupted the social, economic, and political order of Europe? __invasions313. Who was invading Europe? __Angles, Saxons, Magyars, Vikings314. Who attacked Europe from Scandinavia? ____Vikings315. What provided protection from these invaders? ___Castles316. Name 3 results of the Germanic invasions on medieval Europe. ____disrupted trade, towns declined, feudal system

WHI.10 REVIEW #54317. Trade routes developed between what 3 continents? __Europe, Africa, Asia 318. What trade route crossed Asia to the Mediterranean Basin? ___Silk Road319. What does maritime mean? ___over water320. What trade route crossed to North Africa? ____Trans-Saharan321.What was exchanged between the European, African and Asian trade routes? ___technology and culture322. What good came from West Africa? ____Gold, salt

WHI.10 REVIEW #55323. What was traded from lands around the Indian Ocean? ___spices324. Textiles were trade goods from where? _____India, China, Middle East325. What goods came from China? __Porcelain326. Where did paper originally come from? __China327. How did paper get to Western Europe? ____through Muslim territory to Byzantine and Europe328. Name 2 technological inventions from the Middle East? ___windmills and waterwheels329. Name 2 new navigation technologies. ____Compass and Lateen sails

WHI.I0 REVIEW #56330. Buddhism spread from China to where? ___Korea and Japan331. What religions spread from India to Southeast Asia? ____Hinduism and Judaism 332. Where did Islam spread? ___West Africa, Central and Southeast Asia333. Answer where the technology to where it came from:Paper Money - ChinaCrops to produce sugar - IndiaCompass - ChinaLateen sail - IndiaPrinting – China

WHI.I0 REVIEW #57334. What country influenced Japan due to its geographic proximity? __China335. What 2 religions coexist in Japan? ___Buddhism and Shintoism336. What is an archipelago? ___An island chain337. How many main islands are part of Japan? __Four338. Name 2 geographic features which helped to defend Japan? _____mountains and seas339. What separates Japan from the Asian mainland? ____Sea of Japan/East Sea340. Name 3 Chinese influences on Japanese culture. ___writing, architecture, Buddhism341. What is an archipelago? __ Island chain

WHI.10 REVIEW #58342. What is the ethnic religion of Japan? ____Shintoism343. Name 2 important features of Shintoism. ____natural forces, ancestors344. Who did the Japanese worship as part of their religion? ____Emperor345. What is the state religion of Japan? ___Shintoism346. What is the area south of the Sahara Desert called? ___sub-Saharan347. What brought important economic, cultural, and religious influences to African civilizations? __trade348. What 3 African civilizations developed in West Africa? ___Ghana, Mali, Songhai

WHI.10 REVIEW #59350. What civilization developed in southeastern Africa? __Zimbabwe351. What civilization was located in the Ethiopian Highlands, near the Nile River? ____Axum352. What was the main religion of Axum? __Christianity 353. What civilization was located near the Limpopo and Zambezi rivers, near the coast of the Indian Ocean? __Great Zimbabwe354. What were the main products of the Trans-Saharan trade? ____Gold and Salt355. What city was a center of trade and learning in West Africa? ____Timbuktu356. What religions did many civilizations of West Africa practice? ___animism and Islam

WHI.12 REVIEW #60357. What did William the Conqueror unite? ___England358. Who invaded and captured England in 1066? ___William the Conqueror359. What is common law? ___law based on customs and legal actions360. Who signed the Magna Carta? ____King John of England361. What was the result of the Magna Carta? ___limited the King’s power

WHI.12 REVIEW #61362. Who was the Hundred Years War between? __England and France

363. Whom did it define for England? __England and France would be separate364. What is Parliament? ___Law making body of England365. What are its 2 parts? ____House of Commons, House of Lords366. What did the Hundred Years War define for France? __How France became a nation

WHI.12 REVIEW#62367. Who was Joan of Arc? __French leader of the Hundred Years War368. Why was she important? ___Helped unify France369. What rulers unified Spain? ____Ferdinand and Isabella370. Who did Ferdinand and Isabella expel from Spain because of religious differences? ___The Moors

WHI.12 REVIEW #63371. What is a tsar? __Russian Emperor372. What group influenced the unification of Russia? __Orthodox Church373. Who took part in the Crusades? _____Christians and Muslims374. What was the goal of the Crusades? __Control the Holy Land375. Who conquered the Byzantine Empire? ___Ottoman Turks376. During the First Crusade, what city was captured by the Christians? __Jerusalem

WHI.12 REVIEW #64377. What Muslim leader captured Jerusalem? ____Saladin378. What city was sacked by western Crusaders? ___Constantinople379. Name 2 positive effects of the Crusades. __strengthened monarchs, helped trade380. Name 3 negative effects of the Crusades. ___weakened church, many died, poor relations between Christians and Muslims

WHI.12 REVIEW #65381. Who conquered Constantinople? ____Ottoman Turks382. What did this conquest end? ____Byzantine Empire383. What is another name for the Black Death? __Bubonic Plague 384. What areas were affected by the Black Death? ___Europe and Asia 385. Name 5 impacts of the Black Death. __decline in population, end of feudalism, decline of church, disruption of trade, end of Middle Ages

WHI.12 REVIEW #66386. Who was educated during the Middle Ages? ____clergy387. Who was not educated during the Middle Ages? ___average people388. What is a monastery? ____where monks lived389. What works were translated into Latin? __Greek and Arabic books390. What new knowledge did church scholars make available in Europe? ____philosophy, medicine and science391. What led to the rise of universities in Europe? ___growth of towns

WHI.13 REVIEW #67392. Why were credit and banking developed? ____deal and trade393. What is usury? ___lending money at high rates of interest394. What does secular mean? ___materialistic

WHI.13 REVIEW #68400. What expanded the supply of money and made trade easier? __letters of credit401. What was the Renaissance? ___cultural movement, rebirth of arts

402. What led to the rise of Italian city-states? ___wealth from trade403. Who were the civic leaders of the Italian city-states? ___wealthy merchants404. What did Machiavelli produce? _guidelines for getting/keeping power405. What kind of government did The Prince state was best? __absolute

WHI.13 REVIEW#69406. Were Italian city-states united under one king? ___No407. Who wrote The Prince? ___Machiavelli408. Which of the following are True statements about/from The Prince?• It states the guidelines of how to gain and keep power. __True• It was a modem treatise on government. __True• Absolute power is good. __True• The end justified the means. __True• A ruler should always do evil and good deeds only when necessary. ___False

WHI.13 REVIEW #70409. The Renaissance produced new ideas in what? __arts, philosophy, literature410. What is a patron? __merchants who supported the arts411. How did most patrons gain their wealth? ___trade412. What were the subjects of most medieval art and literature? __Church and salvation413. What were the subjects of most Renaissance art and literature? __individuals, worldly matter, Christianity 414. Who painted the Mona Lisa and Last Supper? ___Leonardo da Vinci415. Who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted the David?__ Michelangelo

WHI.13 REVIEW #71416. What is a sonnet? __Type of Poetry417. Name 3 aspects of humanism. __celebrated individuals, stimulated the study of Greeks and Romans, supported by patrons 418. What civilizations influenced the Renaissance and humanism? ____Greece and Rome419. Where did the Italian Renaissance spread? ___Northern Europe420. How did it spread? ___trade, travel and literacy

WHI.13 REVIEW #72421. What supported Renaissance ideas in Northern Europe? __increasing wealth422. What did Northern Renaissance thinkers blend? __humanist ideas and Christianity 423. What did Gutenberg invent? __movable printing type424. What helped to spread the ideas of the Renaissance? ___printing press425. What was the first book printed? ____Gutenberg Bible426. Who wrote The Praise of Folly? ___Erasmus427. Who wrote Utopia? __Sir Thomas More428. What subjects did the artists of the Northern Renaissance paint? __religious and secular subjects

WHI.ll REVIEW #73429. What were 3 civilizations of the Western Hemisphere? ___Mayan, Aztec, Incan430. Where was the Mayan civilization located? _____Mexican and Central Rain forests431. What was Chichen Itza? ___Capital of the Maya432. How was the Mayan civilization organized? __city states433. Who ruled Mayan city-states? ____Kings434. On what was the Mayan economy based? ____agriculture and trade435. What kind of religion did the Mayans have? ___Polytheistic

436. What architectural feature characterized the Mayan civilization? ___pyramids437. Where was the Aztec civilization located? ____Central Mexico438. What was the main city of the Aztecs? ____Tenochtitlan439. Who ruled the Aztecs? __Emperor

WHI.ll REVIEW #74440. On what was the Aztec economy based? ___agriculture tribute from conquered people441. What kind of religion did the Aztecs have? ___polytheistic442. What architectural feature characterized the Aztec civilization? __Chinampas, Pyramids443. What characterized the Aztec religion? ___rituals444. Where was the Incan civilization located? ___Andes Mountains 445. What was the main city of the Incas? _Manchu Picchu446. On what was the Incan economy based? __high altitude agriculture447. What kind of religion did the Incas have? __polytheistic448. What advancement did the Incans achieve? ___road system449. Name 3 contributions of the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. ___calendars, math, writing

WHI REVIEW #75--IDENTIFY THE PICTURES BELOW--

___Great Wall of China ___Stonehenge ____Roman Aqueduct

___Colosseum ___Parthenon

___Castle ___Hagia Sophia

___Greek Columns ____Da Vinci’s Last Supper

___Dome of the Rock __Egyptian Pyramids

__Mayan Pyramid __Mona Lisa