THE BLATCHFORD COLLECTION - 1966

INTRODUCTION1966 is a year of top level appointments which provide a sympathy and stability for education. Donald Cleland retires as Administrator and is replaced by David Hay. John Gunther, rejected for the Canberra position of Secretary of the Department of Territories, resigns and is appointed Vice Chancellor of UPNG. Les Johnson moves into the Assistant Administrator position vacated by Gunther. And Ken McKinnon, after some resistance from George Warwick Smith, replaces Johnson as Director of Education - even though Owner is acting Director for most of the year. Matthias Toliman fills the newly created position of Under-Secretary for the Department of Education. Duncanson, formerly Professor of Physics at the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, is appointed Director of IHTE, which has its site moved from Port Moresby to Lae. 1966 is a year of planning. Other departments are becoming interested in educational statistics and educational directions, and pressure builds for the Department to produce an overall plan based on reliable statistics. Johnson travels overseas to study planning in other countries. A five year plan is produced by May but the Treasurer (Newman) and the Economic Adviser (McCasker) are not satisfied. They want the Department to conduct a review of its policies for the consideration of the Central Planning and Policy Committee. Johnson, now Assistant Administrator, agrees. Views are sought from, government departments, Canberra, and select members of the public, to try to determine manpower needs. McKinnon is appointed as the Departmental representative. The country’s first census, held in June/July provides useful information for later planning efforts.With economic planning at the forefront of thinking the cost of education is paramount. The House of Assembly Public Accounts Committee suggests the introduction of school fees, local material school construction and the cessation of secondary education allowances. The system of government loans for mission projects is replaced by a pound for pound subsidy. A United Nations Development loan for £1.5 million is negotiated for the construction of Goroka Teachers’ College.Emphasis is also placed on improving the quality of education. The Commission of Inquiry into Television finds that TV has important advantages and suggests a pilot study be undertaken. Course content is revised to make it more relevant to the social, political and economic situation in the Territory. Over the past two years revision has been undertaken in secondary school English, Maths, Science, History, Geography, Social Studies, Agriculture, Commerce, Home Science, and Music. The secondary Science and Mathematics syllabi are currently being modified. In technical education, the syllabus for technical schools was revised this year and new syllabi for Manual Arts, Domestic Arts, and Business Training in Forms I, II and III are prepared. A new Mathematics syllabus is planned for primary and a revision of the primary syllabus is ready for the printer. Measures are introduced to raise the status and standards of teachers. Secondary teacher training is linked to the university and teacher exchange schemes are undertaken in Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific. Attempts are made to upgrade A and B course trained teachers to C course level through correspondence

courses. 700 apprentices are undertaking correspondence tuition. Christmas vacation courses are introduced to qualify ‘E’ course graduates, for entry to the Second Division. A second year of training is given to seventy-seven one-year trained teachers.Fifty-seven students are enrolled in the preliminary year of studies at the University of Papua and New Guinea and it is anticipated that the majority of these will enter the first year of formal degree studies in 1967. As the University is accepting students into preliminary year studies after four years of secondary education, the fifth and sixth years of secondary education are abandoned, for the time being, in most Territory high schools.Localisation and the preparation for independence continue. Toliman becomes Under-Secretary for Education. Five native inspectors are appointed – Alkan Tololo, Tau Boga, Kwamala Kalo, Paulias Matane and Mata Tau. Senior Officers Courses are increased and a one year Senior Officer Preparation course is introduced. The House of Assembly is expanded and given some control over internal expenditure. The Constitutional Planning Committee increases the number of open electorates from 44 to 69 and special from 10 to 15. The views of prominent indigenes, on independence, are published in the national newspaper. To reassure permanent overseas officers that they are not to be treated unfairly during this process, the Minister announces the Employment Security Scheme which will help replaced officers find other employment or provide them with reasonable compensation.

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CE BERESFORDTHE GROWTH OF EDUCATION IN NEW BRITAINCIRCA 1966An 80 page document covering the history of education in New Britain from 1875 to 1965.

KR LAMACRAFTA SURVEY OF THE GOVERNMENT TEACHING SERVICE IN PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA1966A 13 page paper presented to the 1966 Conference of the Australian College of Education in Sydney. It covers post-war primary, secondary, technical and teacher education.

RC RALPHPRIMARY SCHOOLING IN THE TERRITORY1966A 15 page document on post-war primary education giving the aims of education and covering both ‘A’ and ‘T’ schools.

ME MILLERQUALITY IN MISSION EDUCATION: COMPARISON OF MISSION AND ADMINISTRATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS1966An 6 page document outlining ways to improve mission education.

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTHPROPOSALS TO ESTABLISH A FACULTY OF MEDICINE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA1966A 7 page document covering the medical situation in PNG, and the current and proposed relationship between the university and the Papuan Medical College.

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PARTICULARS OF STUDENTS COMPRISING PRELIMINARY YEAR - 19661966An 8 page document listing students undertaking preliminary year university studies. The information provided includes name, age, home district, last school attended, number of secondary years completed, and last examination sat.

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SOUTH PACIFIC POSTENGLISH FOR TERRITORY7 JANUARY 1966 P 2Gunther, the acting Administrator, says the Administration hopes that English will become the national language. He was commenting on a suggestion by the Speaker of the House of Assembly, Mr H Niall, that Pidgin might eventually become the national language.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTLOCAL TEACHERS BODY REGISTERED7 JANUARY 1966 p 19The Local Teachers Association (Vincent Eri president, photo) was registered as an industrial body with 400 members. “This is the first move by indigenous people to form a representative body and if we can’t do this then how can we run a country?” Mr Eri asked.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTNO FEARS FOR OUR GRADUATES12 JANUARY 1966 P 1McKinnon, the acting Director of Education, says that our university graduates should be as good or better as overseas graduates.

JE RITCHIE TO THE DIRECTOR OF EDUCATIONPOLICY APPROVALS – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT10 JANUARY 1966The acting Treasurer explains the funding requirements and McKinnon tells his staff to transfer £25,000 to the new vote.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTSCHOOL STARTING TIMES CHANGED10 JANUARY 1966 p 1Starting times for both high schools and primary ‘A’ schools in Port Moresby will be changed this year to meet altered school bus schedules.

KR MCKINNONCOURSES OF STUDY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 3 OF 196611 JANUARY 1966 ED 55.5.1The circular stipulates the number of periods per week for each subject in all high schools except Port Moresby, Lae and Rabaul which follow the NSW curriculum. The new syllabus in Trade Practice, Technical Drawing, Family Care and Needlework will be used and comments are invited on the Business Practice and Homecraft syllabi.

KR MCKINNONPRIMARY FINAL RESULTS AND CERTIFICATESCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 4 OF 196613 JANUARY 1966 ED 23.3.1A 3 page document explaining the secondary selection procedures.

KR MCKINNONSCHOLARSHIPS TO AUSTRALIACIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 5 OF 196613 JANUARY 1966 ED 1.14.26Applications are invited to enable up to six local teachers to undertake periods of observation and special instruction with State Departments of Education in Australia, and probably Fiji.

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G WARWICK SMITH TO THE ADMINISTRATORCAPITAL ASSISTANCE FOR MISSION SCHOOL BUILDINGCIRCA 13 JANUARY 1966The Minister has approved discontinuance of the long-term low interest loan scheme to assist missions in the construction of teachers’ colleges and associated demonstration schools and the introduction of a £ for £ subsidy scheme to assist mission in the construction of living and school accommodation in teachers’ colleges and associated demonstration schools and in secondary schools.

KR MCKINNONSUBSIDIES FOR MISSION SCHOOL BUILDINGSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 6 OF 196613 JANUARY 1966 ED 38.2.2The circular informs of the Minister’s decision, outlines the conditions and procedures and says the scheme will commence 1 July 1966.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTNEW SUBSIDIES FOR MISSION SCHOOLS14 JANUARY 1966 P 2Barnes has approved a dollar for dollar subsidy for mission schools.

RC RALPH TO A SHANLEYTREATMENT OF THE TERRITORY IN THE PRIMARY ‘A’ SYLLABUS21 JANUARY 1966 ED 41.5.1Ralph is concerned at the lack of treatment of PNG in the ‘A’ Syllabus and lack of information on PNG in the Australian primary syllabi. He asks Shanley to prepare material to rectify the situation.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTEACH PIDGIN IN SCHOOLS, HE SAYS21 JANUARY 1966 P 2Canberra, Thursday: A 50-year teaching program in which all internal communication tin the Territory would be in Pidgin was urged today by Dr Don Laycock, a research fellow in linguistics at the Australian National University.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTOP UNIVERSITY JOB TO GUNTHER28 JANUARY 1966 P 1Gunther is appointed Vice Chancellor of UPNG. Biography. Ian Downs writes, “This was a fortunate appointment for the Territory. The drive and personality of Gunther, who had done so much in so many fields for the Administration since the resumption of civil administration, was now directed towards the establishment and development of higher education at a time and place where he was most needed.” (The Australian Trusteeship p 409).

Also a biography of Dr Frank Johnson, author of the Minenda Series of Primary School English Texts, who has been appointed Professor of English Language at the university. Professor of History will be Ken Inglis from the ANU

D OWNERINFORMATION BULLETINSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 12 OF 196628 JANUARY 1966 ED 59.1.2The acting Director issues a list of bulletins published by the Department from March 1965.

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D OWNERMISSION ‘E’ COURSE 1966CIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 13 OF 19661 FEBRUARY 1966ED 64.7.6Owner asks for nominations for a secondary school teacher training course to be held at Port Moresby Teachers’ College from May this year. If there are insufficient numbers for a secondary course, primary ‘E’ course training will be undertaken. Applicants must have the Victorian Leaving Certificate or equivalent.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTMORESBY WELCOMES GUNTHER’S APPOINTMENT9 FEBRUARY 1966 P 1Business and community leaders have welcomed Gunther’s appointed as Vice Chancellor of UPNG.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTNO SECOND RATE UNIVERSITY SAYS PROFESSOR11 FEBRUARY 1966 P 7After a three day meeting of the Interim council, the chairman Professor PH Karmel said, “We are determined that the standards of degrees conferred will be acceptable in Australia.” He describes progress in the establishment of the university.

Gunther is proceeding on six weeks leave and will return as Vice-Chancellor. He hopes that Europeans who had done Australian teacher training would eventually apply for entry to the university so that they could get degrees and move into the field of secondary school teaching, making way for Papuan and New Guinean teachers in the primary field.

DM CLELAND TO WARWICK SMITH THE TOP STRUCTURE17 FEBRUARY 1966FILE LH 99“I refer to the Minister’s undated letter which he handed to me last Friday in reference (to) the position of Assistant Administrators and I was asked to forward to you any views I might have in regard to the top structure.” Cleland recommended no change to the existing structure partly in view of his impending retirement and a new man taking over “who will not have had previous knowledge or experience in this Administration.”

WARWICK SMITH TO THE ADMINISTRATOREXPANSION OF ADMINISTRATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS18 FEBRUARY 1966The Secretary points out that when it was decided last year that the World Bank’s projections were too low, there was at that time “numerous sets of projections, with varying rates of expansion in the Preparatory Grade. This department suggested that a formula might be applied, which assumed –

(a) an increase of 5% per annum in the number of Preparatory enrolments in areas at present served by Administration Primary T schools;

(b) an intake of 1000 pupils per annum into Preparatory grades in new schools in new areas.

However this formula has not yet been submitted to the Minister for his consideration.”

Warwick Smith says that he considers a 5 year physical budget to be of first importance “because it should be the basis of assessment of the total size of the commitment for education in terms of staff, finance and works potential, to be balanced against the needs of other departments. Having studied what the eduction share of available resources should be, it will then be possible to decide among other things the rate of expansion an Administration Primary schools, teacher requirements and the need for additional teachers’ colleges, community self-help in building schools and the pattern of future mission growth.”

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This budget was requested in August 1966 and is not forthcoming. Warwick Smith asks for the 1966 enrolment statistics (due 2nd week of March) so that urgent work on projections can be done.

D OWNERSYLLABUS FOR USE IN HIGH SCHOOLS IN 1966CIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 17 OF 196623 FEBRUARY 1966 English draft was issued February 1966; Mathematics as modified in 1965; Science as issued in February 1966; Social Studies issued 1965; Geography issued 1965; History issued 1965 and Form 4 was distributed in 1966; Music will be distributed soon; Agriculture was distributed in 1965; Commerce was issued in 1964; new syllabuses for Technical subjects (Homecraft, Trade Practice, Technical Drawing, Family Care, and Needlework) were distributed in February this year; Art will have a new syllabus in 1967; a syllabus committee will be formed to consider a new subject “Human Relations”.

WR MAGNAY TO RC RALPHCOMMENTS ON YOUR PAPER25 FEBRUARY 1966Magnay’s comments on a draft of a paper titled ‘Preparation of Natives for Teaching in Papua and New Guinea’, which was eventually printed in ‘The Forum of Education’ in September 1966.

RC RALPHWHAT MAKES A GOOD TEACHER?25 FEBRUARY 1966Adaptation from an article by P Wilson printed in ‘Primary Education’ Vol 109 No 2938 25 February 1966.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTDIRECTOR FOR TECHNICAL INSTITUTE: TWO MONTHS28 FEBRUARY 1966 P 3Dr WE Duncanson, Professor of Physics at the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi is looking at the situation in the Territory with regard to the Higher Technical Training Institute. He is interested in the director’s job.

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY DEBATESEIGHTH MEETING OF THE FIRST SESSION1 TO 9 MARCH 1966VOL 1 NO 8Statistics-University Students: In answer to Question 1015 from Tai Abal, Dr Gunther, representing the Director of Education, advised that there are 17 Papuans and New Guineans studying at Australian Universities this year – Law and Arts 6 each, Pharmacy 2, and one each in Agricultural Science, Economics, and Social Studies. Fifty-five students are enrolled in the preliminary year of studies at the University of Papua and New Guinea and late entries may bring this number to 70. It is anticipated that the majority of these will enter the first year of formal degree studies in 1967. (2 March p1191)Statistics-Schools in Papua and New Guinea: In answer to Question 1016 from Tai Abal, Dr Gunther, representing the Director of Education, advised that there are 11 Mission and 9 Administration high schools in Papua and 24 Mission and 14 Administration high schools in New Guinea. (2 March p1191)Statistics-Primary School Drop-outs: In answer to Question 1034 from Diron Abe, Dr Gunther, advised a thirteen per cent drop-out this year and a ten per cent drop-out in subsequent years to 1972. (2 March p1194)District Education Officers – Local Officers: In answer to Question 1010 from Gaudi Mirau, Dr Gunther advised that there were none. (3 March p1211)Pass Level for Standard Six Examinations: In answer to Question 1038 from Barrett, Dr Gunther advised that 7,400 students sat for the exam in 1965 and 5,200 passed. (3 March p1212)Television Network in Papua and New Guinea – Commission of Inquiry: On 22 January 1965 the House asked for the Inquiry. On 30 August 1965 the Administrator appointed Professor D Broadbent and D Brooke to undertake the Inquiry. The report tabled on 7 March 1966

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suggested a pilot project in the Highlands and if successful extension to other areas. The Administrator questions the priority of the project as against other urgent claims on resources. (7 March p1288)

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTHE WANTS WOMEN TEACHERS TO JOIN4 MARCH 1966 P 17Madi Roua, the secretary of the Local Teachers Association calls for women members. “There will always be women teachers and no doubt they will play a major role in the development of education in this country. One of the Association’s platforms states that there should be a greater expansion of inservice training for the improvement of qualifications and general education of teachers. This covers both men and women teachers.”

CE BARNESPAPUA AND NEW GUINEA-SCHOOL TEACHERSHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HANSARD P1119 MARCH 1966In answer to Question No 1487 from Reynolds, Barnes said that the number of non-indigenous primary and secondary teacher who joined the Public Service of Papua and New Guinea in each of the last five years were:

YEAR PRIMARY SECONDARY1960-61 163 -1961-62 113 111962-63 150 171963-64 160 451964-65 70 39

And the number of non-indigenous primary and secondary teacher who resigned from the Public Service of Papua and New Guinea in each of the last five years were:

YEAR PRIMARY SECONDARY1960-61 28 41961-62 43 141962-63 46 171963-64 60 71964-65 81 17

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTV IMPORTANT AID IN SCHOOL: TEACHERS IN FAVOUR9 MARCH 1966 P 2The Commission of Inquiry into Television says TV has important educational advantages and suggests a pilot study.

D OWNERPRIMARY FINAL RESULTSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 22 OF 196610 MARCH 1966 ED 23.3.1Advises the format for the results. The computer analysis of the results is done in Melbourne which caused delays last year. It is hoped the results will be out earlier this year.

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D OWNEROVERSEAS TEACHING AND OTHER TOURS AND COURSESCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 24 OF 196610 MARCH 1966 ED 1.22.4The acting Director makes known, and invites applications for, the courses, seminars and exchange programmes available to indigenous teachers this year. Namely:

The Teacher Development Programme in the United States to study the American education system.

Exchange Teachers’ Scheme with Fiji – this year, two Fijians have been exchange for two of our teachers.

Courses at the East/West Centre at the University of Hawaii – two women teachers will learn the making and use of teaching aids.

Six months teaching in Australian schools. A course in ‘Supervision’ at the Western Australian University. A seminar, in TPNG on the Status of Women. A seminar for Youth and Student Leaders at the National University, Canberra, on the

subject of Australia’s Role in International Affairs. Six months work experience and technical courses in Australia for technical instructors.

DM CLELAND TO DEPARTMENT OF TERRITORIESMEDICAL SCHOOL AND THE UNIVERSITY10 MARCH 1966FILE 66-2-11Cleland summarises the relationship between the two institutions and asks for approval for the Department of Public Health work with the University in curriculum development, negotiate an acceptable pattern of management for the Port Moresby General Hospital, and consider the matter of the transfer of physical facilities from the Department to the University.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTV IMPORTANT AID IN SCHOOLS: TEACHERS IN FAVOUR11 MARCH 1966 P3The report of the commission of inquiry into television recommended use of television in primary and secondary education, for health education, and helping native teachers. Some teacher felt that the cost would not be justified.

D OWNER TO N BRICKNELLPOLICIES OF JUNIOR TECHNICAL SCHOOLS14 MARCH 1966 ED 1.14.4Owner says that we should not close the door irrecoverably on a child in a Junior Technical School in the matter of his being able to proceed to a High School, particularly one with a strong technical bias. He estimates that as many as 30% of children in High Schools should not be there and 30% of children in Junior High Schools should be in High Schools.

Owner, also expressed concern "about this business of lack of respect of the lower grade worker." Junior technical training was undertaken with a view to becoming more competent in the village situation. "But," Owner said, "at Porabada, where the children have an almost magnificent capacity to raise doubts as to one's parenthood, even back to the third and fourth generation, in streams of language the like of which no Australian is capable, the worst and most hurtful term is to be called a labourer."

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D OWNER TO D BARRETT MHACURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION14 MARCH 1966 ED 55.5.1Barrett has been asking questions in the House so Owner provides him with a 4 page background on secondary education. Owner said that extensive modification of both the curriculum and syllabus content have been undertaken to meet the political, social and economic needs of the Territory. “The curriculum has been altered in two major respects. The Intermediate Certificate which has been abandoned in NSW has been retained for the time being in the Territory as there remains a need for a form of certification available to a student who has successfully completed three years of secondary education. Secondly, as the newly established University of Papua and New Guinea admits students who have successfully completed the School Certificate requirements at the end of the fourth year of secondary education, secondary education in what in NSW is the fifth and sixth years of school ahas been abandoned for the time being.” Owner then explains the various subject changes that are taking place.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTSCHOOLS CLOSED DURING CENSUS18 MARCH 1966 P 1Don Owner, the acting Director of Education, says schools will be closed for three weeks from 30 June for the census. This will free 1,000 teachers for census duties.

D OWNER TO THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR (SERVICES)GOROKA TEACHERS’ COLLEGE18 MARCH 1966 ACC 82 BOX 330 FILE 19.1.22Phase A of the college will be ready for occupation about mid-December 1966. It was planned to run a Secondary ‘E’ Course at Port Moresby Teachers’ College from May to November for Missions but there were insufficient qualified applicants. It is hoped to run Primary and Secondary ‘E’ Courses for the Missions at Goroka Teachers’ College in 1967 if approval is forthcoming. Barney Madden, principal of the Port Moresby Teachers’ College will take over Goroka college vice Frank Johnson’s appointment a the University.

D OWNER TO THE ADMINISTRATOR EVALUATING THE QUALIY OF EDUCATION28 MARCH 1966 ACC 82 BOX 9267 FILE 1.2.7Owner says that the progress of the Department may be determined by the control of many factors. There are at the present time stipulations from various sources in various degrees of determination which are intended to guide the direction of the Department. These restrict the mobility of the Director. Owner suggests that each year the Director be given a policy statement stipulating a factor (eg availability of funds) basic to the growth of education in this country. The variables dependent on this factor can then be organised as to meet the requirements of that single factor.

RC RALPHMATTERS CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY EDUCATION28 MARCH 1966 ED 4.14.2Ralph forwards a circular letter to all District Inspectors and Supervisory Teachers to clarify the following:Primary Education : A long range objective of the administration of the Territory is to ensure universal literacy in English as the common medium of communication. To achieve this the Plan for Universal Primary Education was adopted, and followed for a short period. Now the need to provide secondary (including technical) and higher education has diverted from primary education much of the means to expand (money, buildings, materials and equipment, staff), so that the aim of “universal” primary education assumes less importance… all who can benefit by post-primary education should be given the opportunity to do so. A grave danger is that the supply of primary school teachers will keep up with the increased birth rate; so that something like 50% of the school age population will be denied schooling. Under present

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circumstances, we can change the term “universal” primary education to “limited” primary education.Integration: The ultimate policy is to put Primary ‘A’ and ‘T’ classes under the one roof. If it appears that the child can cope with English then he should be admitted to a Primary ‘A’ school; if not, to a Primary ‘T’ school.Consolidation: This term is used to indicate that a primary school is growing upwards to the stage when it will have a full range of primary classes from Preparatory to Standard VI. Expansion: When wastage is reduced throughout the school; where extra classes are added other than in upward growth for consolidation; when a new school is opened. Shift Work: A device adopted to increase school enrolments when the number of teachers is not adequate to cope with the number of pupils in the normal one-teacher one-class way. One method is to use the one lot of buildings for a double lot of staff. Another is to use the same number of buildings but have a teacher teach one class after another on the same day. Preparatory Class Pupil-Selection: A District Inspector could have two or three teams using the DH McRobbie Pre-entry Test just before the beginning of school.Compulsory Attendance: Desirable after voluntary enrolment. A council can pass a rule as long as it is prepared to enforce it.What does Primary Education mean to the community: It does not mean preparing the child for employment or post-primary education. It does develop a means of communication with the government and other people. It prepares him for change and new ideas.Staffing: No more systematic recruitment of overseas officers for primary education. The numbers will decrease each year.

G WARWICK SMITH TO THE ADMINISTRATORFINANCING THE UNIVERSITY30 MARCH 1966The Administrator had proposed that he should be the one to approve the University’s estimates. Warwick-Smith says it is a Ministerial responsibility.

D OWNERFARES OF MISSION STUDENTS ATTENDING ADMINISTRATION TEACHERS’ COLLEGESCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 29 OF 196630 MARCH 1966 ED 38.1.4A mission responsibility.

PH KARMEL TO HG WATKINCIRCA APRIL 1966Advises that a joint meeting of the University and IHTE Councils could be held on 4th and 5th April 1966. Letter is concerned with the acquisition of June Valley land for the University, control of constructors, and sharing of facilities.

J GUNTHERNEW GUINEA DOCTORS: EQUAL TO AUSTRALIAN STANDARDSAPRIL 1966Article in ‘New Guinea and Australia, the Pacific and South-East Asia’ March/April, 1966. pp13-16. Gunther gives the history of the Papuan Medical College and its transfer to the University of Papua and New Guinea. “The Administration is raising standards in those existing colleges, so that, if and when they are absorbed into the University, the University will not be thought to be the poorer.”

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D OWNERDIRECTOR’S NEWSLETTER FOR MARCH, 1966APRIL 1966Physical Budget: “The demand for detailed forward planning is becoming increasingly pressing and much of this must now involve districts and even individual schools. At headquarters for example several officers are currently engaged on the preparation of a five year physical budget in which the growth of each existing and proposed new school must be itemised in terms of costs and projected intake of students, year by year. A task of this nature cannot begin without the resources of up-to-date statistics and forward developmental proposals that must necessarily come from the districts.”

School Leavers: “We recently asked you to let us know what had happened to Standard VI leavers last year. The immediate problem is dropout. The Administration has set up a Youth Employment Committee whose immediate task will be to effect better liaison between the school and the employers... implications for the primary curriculum and post primary school organisation. We cannot close out eyes to the fact that an increasing proportion of children will be terminating their general education during or at the end of the primary school course.

Syllabi: Over the last two years revision has been undertaken in the following secondary subjects: English, Maths, Science, History, Geography, Social Studies, Agriculture, Commerce, Home Science, Manual Arts, and music. A revision of the primary syllabus is in progress.

‘E’ Course: In answer to Question 1062 in the House of Assembly, Mr Ashton was told, “The Department of Territories made the decision to terminate the former ‘E’ Course of Teacher Training” and “An ‘E’ Course for Mission sponsored trainees was conducted last year and a secondary teacher training course for Mission sponsored trainees will be conducted this year.

Europeans Trained at Administration Teachers Colleges in the Territory: In answer to a question in the House of Assembly, Mr Barrett was provided with the following information:

RABAUL MADANG PORT MORESBY

November 1960 58 January 1963 27 September 1963 21May 1961 63 May 1965 36November 1962 39February 1965 55 Total 27August 1963 62 Total 57April 1963 58June 1964 64

Total 399

Possibly 10 to 20 of the students were of mixed-race origin. No full blood Asian students have been trained in the Territory. None have applied.

SOUTH PACIFIC POST64,129 NOW IN ‘T’ SCHOOLS1 APRIL 1966 P 1764,129 pupils are now in ‘T’ schools. An increase of 7,378. These schools have 426 overseas officers and 1,426 local officers. 16 new schools were opened in the 12 months to February. There are now 410 primary ‘T’ schools in the Territory and 39 ‘A’ schools with 3,521 pupils, up 323 over the past 12 months.

D OWNERTYPES OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AVAILABLE IN TPNGCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 31 OF 19667 APRIL 1966 Describes the following types of technical schools: Trade, Technical, Junior Technical, and Community Technical and courses: Special, Correspondence, and Leisure-Time.

DM CLELAND TO THE ACTING DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION

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EDUCATION – FORWARD PLANNING14 APRIL 1966 ACC 82 BOX 9267 FILE 1.2.7Referring to Owner’s letter of 28 March 1966, Cleland says, “It seems to me, as it does to the Economic Adviser, that the Department should itself conduct a review of the educational problems and policies of the Territory as it sees them and present a comprehensive document on the subject for consideration by the Central Policy and Planning Committee. This report should take account of the recommendations made in the report by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, but its principal purpose should be to clarify the special educational problems of the Territory and to suggest the appropriate means of dealing with them.”

“The work that your Department is already doing in the preparation of a draft five-year programme will, no doubt, bring to notice many of the policy points to be considered and also the nature of the physical and financial constraints that are likely to apply.”

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTSCIENCE TEACHING EXPERIMENTS URGED15 APRIL 1966The UPNG senior physics lecturer criticises the school science syllabus in that few science experiments are undertaken.

D OWNERTHE NEW MATHEMATICSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 33 OF 196621 APRIL 1966ED 41.5.3 A tentative syllabus is now in hand to supplement the old one, until Teachers’ Colleges can train teachers in the new syllabus.

D OWNERAPPEALS AGAINST ACTING APPOINTMENTSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 36 OF 1966CIRCA 21 APRIL 1966ED 57.1.37 Explains the grounds for appeal for officers who are available to take up the temporary appointments.

D OWNERNUMBER OF CHILDREN IN RECEIPT OF SUBSIDY22 APRIL 1966ED 41.5.3

DATE EUROPEAN MIXED RACE ASIAN TOTAL30.10.63 865 118 218 130630.6.64 1096 119 230 144530.6.65 1179 125 210 151418.4.66 1239 138 186 1563

Most went to Queensland 787, then NSW 556, Victoria 105, South Australia 39, Western Australia 31, Tasmania 8, PNG 18, and 19 to other countries.

JR PRINCE TO PH KARMEL 29 APRIL 1966The Senior Lecturer in Physics at the University complains at the difficulty undertaking research in the Territory especially with travel funds. As far as relations with the Administration are concerned, he states, “There are some extremely good people here, and most of them are a real help in focussing on the nature of the problem. But all Administration Departments seem to work their people so hard that hey have no time at all to think properly about the problems they have identified, and it looks as though we shall get little real help in solving problems from people who are here, outside the University sphere.”

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D OWNERMEANS TEST ASSESSMENT COMMITTEES FOR BURSARY APPLICATIONSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 38 OF 1966CIRCA 21 APRIL 1966ED 61.1.3 Notes to guide Means Test Assessment Committees.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTDR GUNTHER LOOKS AT THE TERRITORY29 APRIL 1966 P 7-8Gunther reviews changes in the Territory over the past 20 years. “In 1962 the United Nations Visiting Mission under Sir Hugh Foot, made a report that was challenging –

Set up a parliament of 100 members elected from a common roll. Develop a tertiary education. Ask the World Bank to do a survey of the economy.

All these action were taken although parliament in of 64 persons.”

“Australians at large seem to give all the credit to Foot for these happenings. This is not fair to the Minister and his Administrator and Secretary who, for ten years, saw the need for these very things and certainly investigation and planning was under way.”

Gunther makes a plea for “money, much more money for education.” He says the Director and the Administrator should be recognised for their effort.”

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTSIR DONALD RETIRES IN DECEMBER2 MAY 1966 P 7The Administrator, Sir Donald Cleland, is to retire at the end of the year. Photo and biography.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTERRITORY AS 7TH STATE “IMPRACTICAL”2 MAY 1966 P 7The Administrator, Sir Donald Cleland, said that the Territory people must seek their own solutions and in their own time. “But I am perfectly sure that when the rime comes there will still remain associations with Australia by treaty or agreement.”

CE BARNESPAPUA AND NEW GUINEA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HANSARD P14264 MAY 1966In answer to a question from Benson, concerning Cleland’s press statement, Barnes said, “The statement which I made on 21st August indicated that the Government is continuing the policy, in relation to political development in Papua and New Guinea, announced by the former Prime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies, some years age. Sir Robert said then that the people of Papua and New Guinea would be permitted to choose their own political future in their own way and in their own time, and that they would not be subject to outside pressure in doing so.”

“We in Australia have been very fortunate that our political situation had been able to evolve slowly and I our own way. We have not been subject to all these outside interferences. I believe that the people of Papua and New Guinea deserve the same privilege.”

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HG WATKIN TO PH KARMEL 11 MAY 1966Advises that the siting and inter mixing of housing for the two institutions is approved and he desires the closest co-operation with between the University and the IHTE.

McCASKER AND NEWMAN TO HIS HONOUREDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY: REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIES11 MAY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.23 F1-2The Economic Adviser, McCasker and Treasurer, Newman, suggest a review of education policies at primary, secondary and technical levels. They list 10 questions to be answered and terms of reference.

To enquire into and report on the nature of the education policies that should be followed by the Territory and the manner in which they should be implemented. The report should take into account social, political and economic requirements as far as they can be foreseen, and should have regard to likely physical and financial limitations.

McCasker and Newman advised the Administrator that the review of educational problems and policies of the Territory, as the Education Department sees them, for presentation to the CPPC is proceeding as the Administrator had directed and the five year programme has been produced. These would be basic documents in a review of educational policies but “the subject goes beyond matters normally dealt with by the Department of Education, and it is essentially for this reason that we think a broader-based review is necessary.” They suggested a small committee of up to five senior officers of the Administration, serviced by a full-time executive officer and directed to produce a report within three months.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTA VERY REAL AND SINCERE GRATITUDE13 MAY 1966 P 4Gunther talks on education. He says Australia should give 1% to overseas aid. “The amount a mendicant can ask for is the amount the philanthropist can give.”

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTONE LANGUAGE NEEDED HERE13 MAY 1966 P 4The Governor General, Lord Casey, said their should be one language – English.

RC RALPH TO P MEEHAN13 MAY 1966ED1.20.29Friendly comments on matters of interest in the Madang Monthly Newsletter to the Director.

RW CLARKEGENERAL REMARKS ON MY INSPECTION PATROL OF NEW HANOVER 18 MAY 1966Clarke notes that area affected by the Johnson Cult give little help to their schools and attendance is poor. He suggests a more easy and personal approach to solving the cult problems “the reaction to force or strong talk is usually rebellion, whether inwardly or outwardly.” The education problems will be solved when the cult problems are solved.

D OWNERRECOGNITION OF MISSION SECONDARY SCHOOLSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 32 OF 196617 MAY 1966ED 1.14.21Some mission schools are not operating effectively. Outlines conditions to be met before a school can be opened.

D OWNERPRIMARY FINAL 1966 - SPEAKING

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CIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 40 OF 196618 MAY 1966ED 23.3.3 Spoken English Record Sheets and Teachers’ Instructions for assessing Speaking are being distributed.

D OWNERREQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY TO THE SECOND DIVISIONCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 41 OF 196618 MAY 1966ED 23.17.1 Of approximately 400 students who have successfully completed the ‘E’ course, one quarter have continued with studies for entry to the ‘E’ course. A special vacation course is proposed for ‘E’ course teachers willing to forego their Section 97 Christmas leave.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTENGLISH FOR MORE ADULTS P 318 MAY 1966Adult English night classes, which commenced in 1964 are to be expanded. There are now about 200.

D OWNERSECONDARY SCHOLARSHIPSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 43 OF 196622 MAY 1966ED 55.1.3 The Department of Territories has advised that the scholarships to enable approximately 20 students undertake secondary education in NSW and Queensland will continue this year. Advised selection procedures and items covered by the scholarships.

RW CLARKENEW HANOVER SCHOOLS – EFFECT OF JOHNSON CULT23 MAY 1966Clarke forwards a General Report of New Hanover Schools prepared by Schwager, Head Teacher at Umbukul Primary ‘T’ School, New Hanover. Clarke says his suggestions merit careful consideration.

D OWNERFARES FOR STANDARD VI STUDENTS FROM MISSION SCHOOLS ENOLLING AT ADMINISTRATION HIGH SCHOOLS AND TECHNICAL SCHOOLSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 44 OF 196624 MAY 1966ED 38.1.4 For 1967 fares will be met for all students to the nearest school irrespective of whether they come from Administration or Mission Primary Schools.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTILLITERACY WILL REMAIN HE SAID25 MAY 1966 P 350% illiteracy will remain for some time. Dick Ralph deplores the cut in overseas teacher recruitment and the cessation of overseas primary teacher recruitment.

DM CLELAND TO SECRETARY DEPARTMENT OF TERRITORIESASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR (SERVICES)25 MAY 1966On 17 May, Warwick Smith had advised Cleland that the Minister had approved the appointment of Henderson as Assistant Administrator (Economic Affairs) and in principle – subject to a review of the definition of the scope of that position - to Cleland’s recommendation to appoint Les Johnson as Assistant Administrator (Services). Cleland now tells Warwick Smith, “I strongly recommend to the Minister that Mr Johnson be appointed Assistant Administrator (Services) immediately without any alteration in the scope of that position… I have discussed

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the position fully with the Public Service Commissioner and the Assistant Administrator (Economic Affairs) and they both support the above recommendation without any hesitation or reservation.

JR PRINCE TO MEEK26 MAY 1966Memo concerning two students who appear to be leaving the preliminary year.

RC RALPHEDUCATION IN PAPUA AND NEW GUINEACIRCA 30 MAY 1966An eleven page article tracing the development of education from pre-war to the present day.

INTER-DEPARTMENTAL WORKING COMMITTEECAPITAL ASSISTANCE TO MISSIONS31 MAY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9368 FILE 40.1.5The committee with representatives from the departments of the Administrator, Treasury, Education, and Public Works met twice on 31st to explore methods by which the dollar for dollar subsidy scheme could be administered. A list of policy and procedural methods were prepared.

CE BARNES TO LW JOHNSONCIRCA MAY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9368 FILE 40.1.5Barnes has recommended Johnson’s appointment to the Governor-General. Says he wants Johnson to

Reduce the Territory’s reliance on outside aid; Ensure that standards of buildings, works and equipment are modest; That existing departmental activities are constantly under review; Eliminate unnecessary or unproductive operations; To ensure that there is imagination and reasonable uniformity amongst Departments

to the acceleration of advancement of local officers in the public service; Ensure that the officers of the Administration and the Department of Territories co-

operate and work smoothly together; To represent the Administration’s and the Government’s views and policies in the

House of Assembly.

You will have my full confidence as well as my best wishes for success as you take up your new appointment.

UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA – PRELIMINARY YEARASSESSMENT OF PROGRESS JUNE 1966An alphabetical list of 57 students giving their results in English, History, Maths, and Science and whether it is recommended that the student receives a matriculation pass (25), a pass (7) or a fail (25).

STANDING COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC ACCOUNTSSECOND REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION3 JUNE 1966The duties of the Committee were to examine the receipts and expenditure of the Department and the report of the Auditor-General and to bring matters of interest to the House of Assembly recommending any alterations the Committee thinks desirable. The Committee interviewed administration and mission personnel in the highland districts as well as the Central, Morobe, East New Britain, New Ireland districts. Concerning the Education Department, the Committee said, “This (Education) Department is rightly regarded as a key element in the general policy of economic and social progression applied in the Territory. The Martin Report on Tertiary Education in Australia (March 1965) has some pertinent comments on this score:-

It is both realistic and useful to regard education as a form of rational investment in human capital. Although there is a sense in which education continues throughout a lifetime, formal

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education does not usually extend beyond the period 6 to 18 years. This is the period of investment in education from which the nation may expect a series of beneficial returns. (para 1.17).

The Standing Committee “is interested in the efficiency with which this investment is expended to achieve policy aims, especially with considerations of the strong claims for those same funds that could be made by other sections of governmental activity.”

Some of the recommendations made by the Committee were: To explore vigorously, possible local materials that can be used in permanent

buildings. Project work for Technical Division students to be given as much priority as consonant

with the syllabus. The project pay given to Technical Division students, for constructional work, be

continued. Some imposition of school fees should be adopted. Various schemes by which secondary students contribute towards their maintenance in

boarding schools, should be tested in each Districts. Write text-books designed for Territory conditions and remedy the problems of supply,

with students progressively meeting the cost of materials concurrently with school fees or as an alternative.

The Report was presented to the House of Assembly on 15 June 1966 (p 1508/9).

CE BARNESTERRITORY OF PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA: THE FUTURE SECURITY OF PERMANENT OVERSEAS OFFICERS OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE7 JUNE 1966AA 198/37 BOX 19There are about 2,300 permanent overseas officers in the Public Service who, in the past few years have expressed an uncertainty about their future. In 1962, the then Minister, Paul Hasluck, promised that those whose careers are terminated would be helped to find other employment or provided with reasonable compensation. Barnes has now announced the Employment Security Scheme which sets out how this would be done.

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY DEBATESNINTH MEETING OF THE FIRST SESSION7 TO 15 JUNE 1966VOL 1 NO 9“A” Course Teachers: In answer to Question 1212 from Tai Abal, Henderson said, “The Administration hopes to terminate “A” course training in 1968… over the years as many “A” course teachers as possible will be retrained to a higher classification.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTCHANGING OUTLOOK IN EDUCATION10 JUNE 1966 P 19D Owner (acting Director) provides an overview of the whole education system. He mentions the World Bank Report and the Currie Commission.

“In previous years, although there were ever present problems, the work of education the people of New Guinea (was) mainly in the Primary school. This year, however a number of new factors came into being. The World Bank Commission report broadened our outlook and changed our view points. The Currie Commission report laid the ground work for the University of Papua and New Guinea which this year came into being.”

“There has been a cessation of recruitment of Australian teachers for Primary School teaching and every encouragement is now being offered to the Papuan and New Guinean to contribute to this aspect of his country’s development.”

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“Much pressure has been added this year to the development of Secondary schools and Junior Technical schools and almost all recruitment is now for Secondary Technical teaching positions.”

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTEDUCATION CROWNING YEAR10 JUNE 1966 P 5J Gunther gives the history and progress of UPNG.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTHE AIMS OF TERRITORY SCHOOLS10 JUNE 1966 P 33RC Ralph gives background on ‘A’ and ‘T’ schools.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTPNG INTEREST IN NEED FOR EDUCATION10 JUNE 1966 P 4B McLachlan says secondary enrolments have grown from 4471 in Administration secondary schools in 1965 to 5328 in 1966. In Mission secondary schools the enrolments rose from 3058 to 3623 over the same period. Tells of planned schools and gives details of increases in female enrolments. 497 Administration and 152 Mission students remained in school after they had received the Intermediate Certificate and entered Form IV.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTSHOP WINDOW FOR PAPUA10 JUNE 1966 P 37B McLachlan gives details on secondary education –statistics and progress. Says the science and maths syllabi are being modified. Staff are difficult to recruit but 17 highly qualified and experienced teachers were obtained from the United Kingdom. Some had experience teaching English in Africa and South America.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTEDUCATION – IT’S A HERITAGE10 JUNE 1966 P11RC Ralph, “This country is still in the developing stage. For the past six years in particular we have heard a lot about universal primary education: but now the emphasis has changed and we want to be able to provide secondary education for all who can benefit from it, and after that university of a higher technical education for the few who have above average ability.” Owner says the aims of primary are not to prepare for employment, to live in a town, to get a job, or for higher education but to communicate, to prepare for change, to understand the government, and to develop the mind to receive new ideas.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTMISSION SCHOOL’ ROLE IN PNG10 JUNE 1966 P 39RC Ralph gives the history and status of Mission education and points out that it will be difficult for schools to keep up with population growth.

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SOUTH PACIFIC POSTFULL-TIME TECH STUDENTS DOUBLE EVERY 2 YEARS10 JUNE 1966 P 25, 31Lamacraft reports on Technical Education. There are now 2670 full-time technical students and 883 apprentices in 30 different trades. Describes the apprenticeship system, post-trade and technician courses, technical schools and junior technical schools and their work. Gives information on syllabi modification and construction.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTHIGHER QUALIFICATIONS FOR OUR TEACHERS10 JUNE 1966 P 27G Gibson on Teacher Education. There are 4 Administration colleges and 16 smaller Mission colleges. Describes the types of teacher training and inservice training courses.

D OWNER TO J LEEMISSION ORGANISATION10 JUNE 1966ED 1.14.21 F 14Owner wants to “reorganise the inter-operation of the Mission organisations and the Department of Education.” He wants to reorganise the Education Advisory Board and District Education Committees along functional lines and to hold a conference between the District Inspectors and the Mission Education Officers to discuss this. He asks for Lee’s views.

J JONES TO A/DIRECTOR OF EDUCATIONINTERIM SALARIES – SENIOR OFFICERS10 JUNE 1966The secretary of the New Guinea Institute of Inspectors of Schools wants interim pay increases for senior education staff. He provides a table comparing Territory salaries with equivalent positions in NSW.

JA LEE TO A/DIRECTOR OF EDUCATIONPOLICY OF MISSION SCHOOLS14 JUNE 1966 ED 1.14.21 F 4-7Lee had recently spoken to representatives of the Catholic, Lutheran, and Seventh Day Missions, “mainly in connection with your request for policy statements and five year development plans.” He also had draft or incomplete programmes from about a dozen Missions.

Lee made the following observations about current Mission effort in formal education: Missions rely heavily on Administration subsidies. We could manipulate the subsidies to

modify undesirable aspects of their policy. The Catholic vicariates have not adjusted to the idea of a Director of Catholic Education

and probably not very happy about the appointment. I suggest this office be built up as holding some promise of administrative cohesion and efficiency.

Mission Education Officers are not too well regarded in their own missions in the sense that they lack prestige, tend to become business managers rather than professionals and are given odd jobs. It would be desirable to strengthen their positions – perhaps more subsidy or higher professional qualifications required.

Information on trainee places available in mission colleges is not adequately communicated – an annual muddle – would help to make a public statement about the availability of places in Administrative colleges.

Lack of teacher resources may have a crippling effect on mission education unless some rationalisation is attempted. It will help if the Department states its policy on pupil transfers and adheres to it.

Not much forward thinking on community centres, shorter primary courses, and so on. There is a good deal to suggest that the demand for education is by no means

universal. Many primitive and not-so-primitive areas present attendance and social conflict problems.

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There is interest in the Administration offering further ‘E’ Courses for primary teachers. There seems to be a belief that secondary teachers can be obtained in sufficient numbers.

The missions need to do more to develop supervisory staff – particularly local. Departmental and mission co-operation is needed in planning the consolidation of

schools. The LMS scheme of retraining during the November-February period over a two or

three year period appeals to the missions and it might be desirable to publicise and formalise this scheme.

There is some local feeling that the majority of Highlands people would be content with something less than primary ‘T’ schools. In the Western Highlands the district inspector holds this view. The Department needs to give a consistent lead.

Educational provision is less for girls than boys, especially for the Catholic Mission. This is as much connected with Church thinking as native thinking.

Policy seems to be towards the continuance of fee paying boarding schools. There is a heavy loss of teaching staff to private enterprise. Correspondence tuition is seen to be useful. Missions need to recruit clerical staff and

correspondence staff from Australia. Missions at present do not put in most of their returns by district. It might be more

satisfactory if they did so.

Lee suggested that the Missions might be encouraged to adopt these priorities in education: Consolidate schools on the basis of overall district planning. Block up schools. Progressively remove all permit-to-teach staff from registered schools. Build up supervisory staff resources. Build up administrative/clerical establishment. Provide more opportunities for girls. Co-operate in the development of alternative primary school courses. Reduce effort in isolated areas or where population is fragmented. Improve machinery for liaison with department and other missions.

D OWNER TO SPECIAL PROJECTS OFFICER POLICY OF MISSION SCHOOLS15 JUNE 1966ED 1.14.21 F 8-10Owner says he may put Lee’s comments to the next meeting of the Education Advisory Board. Owner made the following comments on Lee’s observations:

He agreed that Mission Education Officer posts seemed to be filled by those not wholly suitable from an educational point of view and felt the Department should try to raise their status to that of a District Inspector and have them undertake inspection of Mission schools and thereby attract greater subsidy.

“The Minister has approved the term ‘community centres’ and the abolition of the term ‘exempt schools’ which is about as far as we have gone. Again I think this should be raised for the determination of the Education Advisory Board.”

He did not think the seven year primary course to be desirable in all cases or that “the present syllabus helps significantly to solve the problems for a young man or woman to leave primary school and return to the village.”

He will continue to press for ‘E’ Courses to provide teachers for higher primary and secondary and incorporate elements to help prepare children for a return to the village.

Bob Beevers, Mission Education Officer, Papua Ekalesia, has suggested retraining teachers for three months during the Christmas vacation. Bill Magnay is examining the proposal, investigating a syllabus and trying to get the Missions interested.

Owner felt that the Missions were already undertaking vocational and agricultural training “in a fairly definite way” and a survey should be undertaken of their efforts.

Owner felt that the Department should move ahead with correspondence tuition.

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V SPARKS TO SPECIAL PROJECTS OFFICER POLICY OF MISSION SCHOOLSCIRCA 15 JUNE 1966ED 1.14.21 F 12-13The Mission Relations Officer of the Department comments on Lee’s observations.

JT GUNTHER TO PH KARMEL15 JUNE 1966HOWIE-WILLIS COLLECTION“On the whole I think the University is developing in a most satisfactory way. There are, however, two quite dissimilar, but very disquietening features about this development.” The first is the requirement that the University obtain its funds from the Territory revenue instead of through the Australian Universities Commission. This means that the University annually must take its chances with all other priorities seen by the Administration. Gunther asks Karmel to matter before the Prime Minister.

Note: Gunther gives an excellent summary of the Territory budget process: January/February - the consideration of estimates, needs and likely Commonwealth

funds, estimates of Territory revenue, Department of Territories devising of the estimates;

April to June - Canberra going through the Administration’s proposals; May/June - placing the estimates before the Commonwealth Treasury, becoming part

of the overall Cabinet document; July/August - secret advice as to size of Commonwealth grant, revision of Territory

estimates, further review by Department of Territories, and finally to the budget session of the House of Assembly, and usually followed by two supplementary budgets.

The second concern was with the Institute of Higher Technical Education insistence of joint ownership of land with the University and that an ad hoc joint committee from the two institutions be responsible for joint planning and for the division of funds. Gunther want both rejected out of hand so that the Interim Council can maintain its autonomy.

CANBERRA TIMESCALL FOR SCHOOL FEES IN NG16 JUNE 1966 P 1ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.21The House of Assembly Standing Committee on Public Accounts has recommended fees for primary children attending Administration schools and buildings to increasingly become a community responsibility.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTSCHOOL FEES URGED IN REPORT TO HOUSE17 JUNE 1966 P 4The House of Assembly Public Accounts Committee says, to meet the rising cost of education, fees for both attendance and text books in Administration schools should be considered immediately.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTNEW MATHS SYLLABUS PLANNED17 JUNE 1966 P 6A conference is to be held in Goroka from 18 to 22 July to develop a new mathematics syllabus for primary schools.

G WARWICK SMITH TO HIS HONOUR THE ADMINISTRATORPAYMENT OF FEES FOR ATTENDANCE AT ADMINISTRATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS20 JUNE 1966 ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.21Cleland is asked for his advice and comment on school fees and community responsibility for classrooms and buildings, in case the matters are raised in Cabinet. Warwick Smith also wants details supporting the $1.7 million for new schools in the draft 1966/67 works programme and information on the growing extent to which the community is providing for primary schools.

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INSTITUTE OF HIGHER TECHNICAL EDUCATIONFIFTH MEETING OF THE COUNCIL2I-22 JUNE 1966The Institute members suggest that the formal lease of the land at June Valley be in the name of a Board of three Trustees – one from the University, one from the Institute and one from the Administrative College.

RC RALPH TO THE SECRETARY COURT ST P & C ASSOCIATIONAGE OF STARTING SCHOOL AND SECOND INTAKE AT PREPARATORY LEVEL22 JUNE 1966ED 6.3.7 A five page paper giving the historical background to the determination of the age to start school, together with 24 references.

G WARWICK SMITH TO HIS HONOUR THE ADMINISTRATORRESPONSIBILITY FOR TEACHER TRAINING24 JUNE 1966 ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.22Cleland is asked for his views on the Currie Commission’s recommendation that all teacher training come under the University. Territories suggests a compromise where the University is responsible only for secondary training and jointly responsible for junior secondary training (ie Goroka).

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTHE’S NEW ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR27 JUNE 1966 P 1Les Johnson is appointed Assistant Administrator (Services) to replace Gunther who resigned to become Vice-Chancellor of the University of Papua and New Guinea. Johnson is 50 and has a Master of Arts. He came from Western Australia in January 1962 as Deputy Director of Education. He was appointed Director five months later. He returned to Port Moresby last week after a study grant awarded by the Carnegie Corporation of America. He will have supervisory control over five departments – Health, Education, Labor, Public Works, and Information and Extension Services.

JOHNSON ON LEAVING EDUCATION27 JUNE 1966“When I became Assistant Administrator, Education was one of the five or six departments under me. I really did not have much hesitation in leaving education to McKinnon and I was confident that if he got into any serious trouble we could sort it out. We had a fairly harmonious relationship and likewise when I was Administrator.” (Johnson to Blatchford 2 April 1982).

D OWNERRECOGNITION OF MISSION TECHNICAL SCHOOLSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 47 OF 196627 JUNE 1966ED 38.2.3 Apparently schools are being opened and then an application is made for assistance. Owner advises that approval to open a new Junior Technical or Technical school must be obtained from the Director prior to the commencement of the school. Grants-in-aid, student maintenance allowances and supplies of material cannot be guaranteed where Departmental requirements in relation to staffing, facilities, and minimum enrolment are not met.

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BOARD OF STUDIESMINUTES OF MEETING27 JUNE 1966B Meek reported that Scholarship matters were the province of a Scholarship Board, and not that of a University Committee. D Chenoweth reported that the Department of Education has been designated the administering authority for Scholarship. Three students have not returned to start third term. Livingstone Tabua has requested withdrawal, Raga Maro will return in a few weeks. He is in hospital after a road accident. Muri Henao has not returned. Eight students have only passed in one subject. They are listed and their situations evaluated.

UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA TO THE ADMINISTRATORFUNDS FOR THE UNIVERSITY27 JUNE 1966The University’s original request for 1966-67 was for $2,500,000. The revised budget resulting from a conference between the University, the Institute, the Department and the Administration in Canberra in April was $2,018,500. “The Interim Council wishes me to record its view that any significant reduction in its grant for 1966-67 below $2,000,000 will place the future of the University in most serious jeopardy.”

LW JOHNSON TO HIS HONOUREDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY: REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIES28 JUNE 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.23 F3Johnson recommends the review of education policies to His Honour. “There is now a need for a full-scale review of education policies and their impact on Territory developments in general… a broad membership as the impact of education affects every phase of Territory life.” Johnson suggests McCasker as chairman and McCasker to nominate his own members although McKinnon is strongly recommended as the Education representative. In a footnote to McCasker, Cleland says he held replying to McCasker’s minute of 11 May 1966 until Johnson’s return. Cleland may be referring to Johnson’s attendance at a UNICEF conference in Sydney.

UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA TABLE OF STAFF30 JUNE 1966The University has a staff of 24. There is a Vice-Chancellor, Bursar, Librarian, Professor – English, Warden, Lecturer – Mathematics, Tutors in History, Physics, and English, an Administrative Assistant, a Laboratory Manager, 4 Secretaries, 2 Stenographers, a Messenger/Cleaner, a Domestic, and a Labourer.

BUREAU OF STATISTICSPOPULATION CENSUS, 1966PRELIMINARY BULLETIN No 20: SUMMARY OF POPULATIONJUNE/JULY 1966The Bulletin provides statistics on Population Distribution, Age, Marital Status, Birthplace, Period of Residence, Nationality, Race, Religion, Language, Literacy, Education, Qualifications, Work Force, Occupational Status, Money-Raising Occupation, Industry, Sector of Industry, Hours Worked, Subsistence Status, and Subsistence Occupation. A map is provided showing the Administrative Districts and Major Towns.

CE BARNES TO R CLEAVERCAPITAL EXPENDITURE INCURRED BY METHODIST TEACHERS’ COLLEGECIRCA JULY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9368 FILE 40.1.5 F172Alan Randall has asked for capital expenditure already incurred by the College to be treated as counterpart funds for a subsidy of the costs of a continuing building programme. Barnes tell Cleaver a Canberra MP that the only circumstances would be if the mission had a genuine belief, when it commenced building in 1965, that it would rank in future years under the loan scheme.

DM CLELAND TO VARIOUS DEPARTMENTSEDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY: REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIES

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JULY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.23 F4-5Cleland advised Education, Health, Agriculture, Labour, and the Public Service Commission that they are to be on the committee to review education policies.

D OWNERCAMILLA WEDGWOOD MEMORIAL LECTURE AND SEMINAR - 19665 JULY 1966To be held in Port Moresby in August. The lecture will be delivered by Dr CE Beeby a New Zealander who has served his country as Director of Education and as Ambassador to France and is now associated with the staff of the Centre for Educational Studies at Harvard University, USA. Dr Beeby is especially concerned with the problems of maintaining educational quality in the rapidly developing systems found in most underdeveloped and newly independent countries. He has travelled widely in these countries and has a particular intimate knowledge of the island territories of the Pacific, arising in part from enquiries he conducted in Samoa preceding the granting of independence to that country.

Owner attached a 10 page article by Beeby titled ‘Education in Emergent Countries’ published in the Journal of Education Vol 2 No 1 1964.

BJ MEEK TO J GUNTHERPRELIMINARY YEAR STUDENTS – JUNE ASSESSMENT AND EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND6 JULY 1966Although Meek says not to read too much into the results, he points out that:

The students with Australian education have done very well but are of course a select group.

Students with five years schooling at Rabaul and Keravat have done very well. Those with five years at Sogeri have done very poorly, indeed by any measure ex-

students of Sogeri have performed very poorly.

DM CLELAND TO DEPARTMENT OF TERRITORIESTEACHER TRAINING 6 JULY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.22 F7-10Cleland forwarded a table giving the statistical requirements for teacher training for the next five years. These have been co-ordinated with the recommendations of the World Bank Report. “Basic retraining of ‘A’ certificate teachers to ‘B’ and ‘C’ certificate level is receiving second or lower priority and is, in the Administration, almost non-effective and in the Missions being conducted in an ad hoc basis during the Christmas vacation periods and so on. The Missions are relying on the Administration for the conduct of the ‘E’ course and such advanced training courses as the Senior Officers’ Courses, the training of secondary and technical teachers, the conduct of special courses, the teaching of English as a foreign language and in Mathematics, etc.”

Cleland says there is increasing demand for teachers in higher primary, secondary and technical levels and probably agricultural subjects to meet the demands of population and industry. Any overseas teachers trained in the Territory will need to have their qualifications and experience recognised by the Australian states.

RC RALPH TO DISTRICT INSPECTORS OF SCHOOLSSTAFFING OF PRIMARY ‘T’ SCHOOLS AND RELATED MATTERS, 19676 JULY 1966ED 1.5.1“After the spate of opening new schools, especially from 1960, we are now facing the problem of consolidation (or ‘Blocking up as the World Bank calls it). This problem is most pressing in the Middle-Upper Primary levels.”

“It was known beforehand that staff for 1966 would be inadequate. Most District Inspectors therefore gave priority to progression rather than to enrolling new Preparatory classes. One school in every four now has no Prep class. In time this will result in a big gap at Standard VI

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level that will affect initial enrolments into the secondary level and will result in staff requirements becoming irregular. We have therefore to examine the position very critically and see how far we can go towards making ends meet in 1967.”

Teacher Training advise as follows:

Plus - ‘A’ Course (one year) - 110‘B’ Course (two years) - 20‘B’ Course (refresher) - 20‘C’ Course (two years) - 26Senior Officers’ Course - 13

Total - 189

Minus Failures - 10Retraining 1967 - 30Senior Officers Course 1967 - 15Admin Coll and Uni - 15

Total - 70

Balance, or gain in 1967, ignoring resignations, etc.

Ralph estimates that there will be a shortage of primary teachers in1967 of not less than 155 and possibly as much as 210. He provides tables to support these figures: Appendix I shows, by District, the Number of Primary ‘T’ Schools, the Number Blocked Up, the Number to be Blocked Up, Present Teaching Staff, and Additional Teachers Required in 1967.

Appendix II shows, by District, the Number of Teachers Required for Each Grade, the Total Teachers Required, the Teachers Now, and Balance Required.

Appendix III shows, by District, the Teacher: Pupil Ratios for Primary ‘T’ and ‘A’ Schools.

Appendix IV gives the Progression of Students to the Next Highest Grade from 1956 to 1966.

To adjust to the shortfall in teachers, Ralph suggests the increased use of shift teaching. This could prove difficult as the Revised Syllabus, now ready for the printer, has increased the hours of schooling – especially in Stds I and II where the daily hours of instruction have been increased from approximately 4¼ to 5¼ hours. (Table provided of changes.)

Ralph also suggests ceasing the intake at all levels from Mission schools and “to allow progression only to the children coming forward from our own schools.”

Ralph warns the inspectors that the number of overseas officers in primary schools is declining and their places are being taken by local officers.

“Of the intake of primary teachers at the beginning of this year most went to secondary, and of the dozen left all but one, I think, went to Primary ‘A’ Schools. I am told that there will be an intake for primary schools for 1967, but I do not know how man there will be, or how many will be required to meet the anticipated upsurge in Primary ‘A’ Schools.”

“Please discourage local officers from applying for a transfer unless they have qualified by three years’ service in your district, or unless they have a PSC leave fare due… The number of transfers will again have to be restricted because of the limited amount of finance available for the purpose.”

D OWNERBASIC SKILLS RESULTSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 50 OF 19666 JULY 1966ED 61.1.2

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The Australia Council for Educational Research has shown that Territory children (presumably ‘A’ school) are better at spelling and reading than NSW children but are of similar ability in the skills of studying and listening.

EJ FITZGERALD TO SENIOR OFFICER COURSE GRADUATES7 JULY 1966ED 1.5.14Fitzgerald is an inspector who visits each graduate. This circular explains what is expected of a headmaster.

JA LEE TO A/DIRECTOR OF EDUCATIONPOLICY OF MISSION SCHOOLSCIRCA 9 JULY 1966ED 1.14.21 F 15Lee reports on a visit to Popondetta:

In all Anglican primary schools there is heavy wastage at all levels. There is concern that the Mission will be unable to cater for a large proportion of those

coming out of Std V this year. It was stated that the Mission intake into Popondetta High School this year was not of

good quality. I thought the Mission was concerned only to ensure that children underwent some

early schooling under Mission control and that the cream of primary leavers went into the Mission High Schools.

There is no formal agriculture in high schools. Not much evidence of concern for the social and professional problems arising from

high wastage nor for the disparity in educational opportunity for girls. The Missions are considering a scheme of quotas from villages which would permit

wide participation in formal education. The Mission is now charging fees for pupil maintenance in primary schools. The Mission operates 52 registered or recognised schools and 38 exempt schools. Only

24 have met the basic requirements for trained staff. It was agreed that correspondence education was important for teachers. Tuition

classes as introduced by the District Inspector should be encouraged. There are no New Guineans acting as full-time supervisors. The Mission was favourable to their members attending a Senior Officers’ Course. There is no noticeable retraining going on.

AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTING COMMISSIONGUEST OF HONOUR: DR JOHN GUNTHER10 JULY 1966ED 1.14.21 F 15Includes a half page biography on Gunther. Gunther supports university training for Territory secondary teachers. He gives the background to the University; the Currie Commission’s views; meetings of the Interim Council; staff appointments; plans.

JT GUNTER TO DUNCANSON13 JULY 1966“The Interim Council of the University wants to make it perfectly clear that the University would co-operate with and assist the Institute of Higher Education wherever possible.” Gunther asks Duncanson to join some committees as a member and sit as an observer on others.

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HK COLEBATCH TO WC GROVES13 JULY 1966Asks if he can interview Groves as one of the policy-makers of the Territory education system.

DM CLELAND TO DEPARTMENT OF TERRITORIESRESPONSIBILITY FOR TEACHER TRAINING 14 JULY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.22 F 11-16Cleland says that he has not yet adopted a firm view on the matter but forwards a six page report as a basis for discussion. His main point was that he was thinking in terms of establishing “an independent, central co-ordinating authority responsible for all teacher training.” Other point were:

Not all teachers should be trained at the University. The University Faculty of Education should offer full professional degree programmes and

provide graduate teachers for Teachers’ Colleges, Secondary Schools and Headmasters of Primary Schools.

Teachers’ Colleges should not offer degrees.

D OWNER TO ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR (SERVICES)RECONSTRUCTION OF EDUCATION ADVISORY BOARD AND DISTRICT EDUCATION COMMITTEES15 JULY 1966ED 1.14.11 F 18-21Owner had been asked for his thoughts for new constitutions and functions for the above. He suggests the appointment of Mission representatives of the first educational and administrative order who can speak on behalf of their missions or a group of missions. They should be in close contact with the Department and offices might even be set up for these people.

Owner also feels that emphasis is now moving from the central administration. “The direction of the emphasis now being given in the Department is towards the village school, village authorities, the building of schools and teacher’ residences at village level and the implication of village societies in the development of education throughout the Territory. As I see it, the emphasis is moving from the central administration at headquarters. There is I think no really effective communication between the Education Advisory Board and the District Education Committees and to a lesser degree the work in villages and this central administration. They appear to me to be not directly linked but to be working in corners of their own.” Owner would like to see the co-operation and lines of communication improved between the villages, the DECs, the Missions, the Department and the EAB. He mentions building as an example. “We are, as you know, undertaking a fairly large scale effort to produce buildings and teachers’ houses through the cooperation of the Technical Division. In the long run this work will be done by technical students who will be the workers representing villages and who will prepare for those villages buildings and implementa for education.” Owner says the Missions are likely to follow this lead. “If this is so then it is essential that direct links be established between the policies and the provisions of this Administration and the actual production of educational equipment in the villages.”

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTEACHERS TO HOLD ELECTIONS18 JULY 1966 P 4The PNG Local Teachers Association is to hold its first annual election soon. There are 500 members, 40 of them women. The election would be for a president, two vice-presidents, secretary and a committee of eight. An interim executive committee is headed by Vincent Eri and Kila Ono with Madi Roua as secretary.

AW McCASKER TO HIS HONOUREDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY: REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIES19 JULY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.23 F10-11The Economic Adviser, AW McCasker, chairman of the review of education policies, suggests that selected persons and organisations, including Canberra, be invited to give their views. KR

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McKinnon is recommended to represent the Department of Education. The terms of reference are those recorded on 11 May 1966 and the object would be to have the report completed within three months. Cleland approves. (20 July 1966 f11).

DM CLELAND TO THE DEPARTMENT OF TERRITORIESEDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY: REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIES19 JULY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.23 F8-9Cleland advises Territories of the review of education policies and asks for a Canberra representative.

D CLELAND TO THE DEPARTMENTS OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOUR, AND AGRICULTUREEDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY: REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIES19 JULY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.23 F4A circular letter from Cleland inviting LM Tomlinson, KR McKinnon, AL Redwood, and J Lamrock to give to represent their departments on the review committee.

D OWNERMONTHLY NEWSLETTERSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 53 OF 196619 JULY 1966District inspectors are supposed to write monthly to the Director informing him of events in the districts. Owner gives examples of appropriate information.

G WARWICK SMITH TO HIS HONOUR THE ADMINISTRATOREDUCATION FIVE YEAR PHYSICAL BUDGET20 JULY 1966 ED 1.14.3 F 32-36A draft of the five year physical budget was received in Canberra on 13 May 1966. Territories forwarded revised projections for mission enrolments and recurrent costs. The tables included Mission Primary ‘T’ and Secondary projected enrolments, by standard from 1964 to 1971 and estimated school leavers from each form in secondary from 1966 to 1970.

The following points were made after a discussion with Johnson who was in Canberra around that time:

Primary ‘T’ Expansion Enrolment projections appear inflated. The 1970 enrolment should be 95,000. Enrolment based on the number of teachers becoming available and allowing for 5%

wastage the 1970 enrolment figure would be 77,105. An additional 511 teachers would be required over the next four years to reach the

95,000 target. As these teacher would have to be expatriates, costs would put this enrolment out of

reach or reductions might have to be made in other areas to make additional finance available.

Primary School Curriculum Johnson doubts whether reducing the length of the curriculum (eliminating Preparatory

and raising starting age to six years) would be a long term solution to the problem of primary expansion.

Johnson said that streaming may have to be introduced into the upper levels of primary to accommodate the 60% of student to do not go on to secondary. The primary course might be lengthened by one year for these students to provide vocationally biased or non-academic education. Junior Technical courses might be absorbed into the longer primary course.

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Costs of Primary Education: We will be interested to learn the outcome of the House of Assembly Standing Committee on Public Accounts investigation into a scale of fees for children attending Administration primary schools.

Secondary Education A working paper concerning manpower needs will be forwarded to the Territory later

this month. This may lead to conclusions about secondary expansion and the future deployment of school leavers.

Johnson indicated that although he could reach secondary enrolment targets, the quality of students might not be particularly good.

Secondary teachers from ASOPA and Territory colleges will be “inexperienced and relatively poorly qualified.” More emphasis might have to be placed on recruiting secondary teachers from Australia.

Teacher Training: The question of how far the University will be involved in teacher training will determine any further building or expansion of teachers’ colleges.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTHAY TIPPED TO BE NEXT ADMINISTRATOR20 JULY 1966 P 5David Osborne Hay, one of Australia’s most senior career diplomats. Biography.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTLOCAL TEACHERS FOR NZ COURSE20 JULY 1966 P 5Four local Primary T School teachers will attend a course in teaching multiple classes in New Zealand this month – Miss Daere Rarua, Vali Apana, Vagi Rigo and Selan Richard Litau. Teachers from Papua and New Guinea had been attending the courses for the past three years. Leave for NZ on 29 July. Course finishes at end of November. Then a further month in NZ studying different aspects of education.

D OWNER TO THE PUBLIC SERVICES COMMISSIONERTECHNICAL EDUCATON20 JULY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9267 FILE 1.2.7Owner asks for an increase in the recruitment of technical teachers from 12 to 27. “Twelve new officers will not only fail to permit expansion but are inadequate for what I consider to be basis existing commitments.” He says an ‘E’ Course for such officers is a possibility.

D OWNER POLICY ON MISSION SCHOOLS21 JULY 1966ED 1.14.21 F 17Owner comments on Lee’s minute of 9 July 1966.

RFR SCRAGG TO ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR (SERVICES)PRE-SCHOOLS21 JULY 1966ED 1.14.35 F 1-2The Director of the Department of Health, in reply to a request made 4 July 1966, advises that there are 39 pre-schools in the Territory – 15 type ‘A’ staffed by trained overseas pre-school teachers; 17 type ‘T’ staffed by qualified local pre-school assistants and third-year students; and 7 ‘S’ type staffed by an untrained supervisor selected and paid for by the Committee of Management. Outlines requirements and plans.

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CE BARNESNEW ADMINISTRATOR APPOINTED FOR PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA21 JULY 1966ACC 82 BOX 5509 FILE 45.1.2 F 3Barnes’ announced Hay’s appointment as the next Administrator. Biography. He will take up his appointment at the end of the year.

G WARWICK SMITH TO HIS HONOUR THE ADMINISTRATORTEACHER TRAINING22 JULY 1966 ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.22 F 18-19This letter is in reply to Cleland’s of 6 July 1966 and discussion between LW Johnson and CE Reseigh on 12 July in which Johnson said there would be a further communication as the previous one did not deal with the policy recommendations of the Administration in relation to the role of the University in teacher training.

A discussion was had with Owner on the draft five year plan and the following points were made:

The plan showed that Goroka Teachers’ College would be almost wholly occupied by indigenous teacher trainees at junior secondary level by 1970 and that in the preceding years all places that were not needed for these trainees would be occupied by primary teacher trainees.

As there would be an acute shortage of training places for local primary teacher trainees there did not seem to be any possibility of considering using the College for overseas trainees including indigenous trainees from Pacific areas.

The UNICEF project that has been approved for Goroka is for secondary teacher training for indigenous teacher trainees and it is unlikely that the UN would be prepared to go on with the plan if it involves placing substantial numbers of expatriate teachers in the College.

The UNICEF project includes a retraining programme of primary school teachers at the old Goroka College of some 200 a year with the Administration providing the teaching staff.

Warwick Smith understands that the original memorandum will be reviewed and thus no action will be taken by his department. Warwick Smith asks for further information about the development of mission teacher training facilities, which Owner states are likely to result in substantial numbers of vacant teacher training places in mission colleges.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTADMINISTRATOR: He’ll TAKE OVER AT END OF THE YEAR22 JULY 1966 p 1Barnes has announced Hay’s appointment as the next Administrator. Biography and photo.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTEACHERS’ COLLEGE AT GOROKA SOON25 JULY 1966 P 5The UNDP has earmarked US $1,439,000 for Goroka Teachers’ College. The Australian contribution will be about US $2,638,000. Describes the courses and says when fully functioning the college will accommodate 380 with an annual output of 115 trained teachers.

WE DUNCANSON TO J GUNTHER25 JULY 1966 Duncanson appreciates the cooperative tone of Gunther’s letter and agrees that each should “sit-in” at Council meetings. He also agreed to serve on the Consultative Committee on Works and the Selection Committee.

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D OWNER TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONERSTAFFING OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS27 JULY 1966ACC 82 BOX 9267 FILE 1.2.7Owner gives examples of a number of secondary teachers obtaining promotion to other government departments and asks that these appointments be delayed until the Department can find replacements for the officers so as not to interrupt the school year.

MINUTES OF MEETING OF BOARD OF STUDIES27 JULY 1966“It was unanimously agreed that no student’s course should be terminated at this stage on the grounds of performance and ability.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTA HARD WORKER, STRAIGHT SHOOTER27 JULY 1966 P 5More on Hay. 49 years old; a straight shooter who gets to the point directly, does not think deviously and is intelligent and hard-working.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTNEW ADMINISTRATOR IS SPORTSMAN - DIPLOMAT27 JULY 1966 P 6More on Hay including his war record. Hayfield in the Maprik area is named after him

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTEACHER TELLS HEARING OF “DOUBLE LIFE”29 JULY 1966 P 3Ebia Olewale a teacher at Kila Kila High School tells the Arbitration hearing on native public servants’ wages that he had to lead a double life because of his low pay. During the day he acted and dressed like an educated man. “But when I get home I take off my clothes and become a village man again.” He said he had to preserve the few European clothes he had because he could not afford to buy all the clothes he needed. There was only a bed in the house provided for him by the Education Department. “I eat my meals off the floor.”

He graduated from Port Moresby Secondary Teachers’ College and his first appointment was at Daru. “Officials there had two months’ notice that I was coming. When I got there the grass around the house provided for me was waist high. There was no furniture at all. I had to sleep on the concrete floor and eat on the floor. The only place to wash was in the same room as the toilet. This was a pan and not septic, and I had to carry water from elsewhere and splash it on my god with a tin. I had to wash my dishes in the same place.” He said that for the first six weeks he had not been paid. When his pay finally was giver him it was not what he had been told to expect. Olewale said that when he was studying he thought that once he finished he would be just like his European counterparts. Now he was ashamed to tell the people of his village the truth about his wages and conditions.

BIENNIAL CONFERENCE OF AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTES OF INSPECTORS OF SCHOOLSTHE DEVELOPING CURRICULA: 1. PREPARING TEACHERS FOR THE TASK 2. PRE-SERVICE AND IN-SERVICE TRAINING OF TEACHERSAUGUST 1966The conference was held in Christchurch, New Zealand and attended by JA Lee and P Matane. The paper contains a summary of the talks, suggested discussion topics and assignments, bibliography, and a summary of educational activities in the Territory, including statistics on staffing, schools and enrolments.

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LW JOHNSON TO THE DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONRECONSTITUTION OF THE EDUCATION ADVISORY BOARD AND DISTRICT EDUCATION COMMITTEESED 1.14.11 F 223 AUGUST 1966Johnson would prefer one representative from each Mission group to speak authoritatively on professional matters and commit his Mission group to policies formulated by the Board. He agreed that there needed to be more local involvement in education and asked to see some firm proposals and recommendations “when your ideas have been developed.”

COMMITTEE OF REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIESACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.25 F1-2 21-234 AUGUST 1966The first meeting was procedural. Various members were asked to provide information for the next meeting. McKinnon was to prepare papers on education statistics back to1959/60, present policy and a critical assessment of such policy, and the difficulty in assessing student ages. Other papers were on manpower needs, and identifying persons and organisations to be approached for information.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTCORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL FOR 27005 AUGUST 1966 p 142,000 local officers and 700 apprentices are doing correspondence lessons.

D OWNER TO ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR (SERVICES)EDUCATION AND FIVE YEAR PHYSICAL BUDGET8 AUGUST 1966 ED 1.14.13 F 38In reply to Warwick Smith’s letter of 20 July 1966, Owner suggests the possibility of “no enrolments in Preparatory for 1967, which is tantamount to recommending a six year primary course instead of a seven year primary course, commencing from that year.” An alternative suggestion was “the teaching of Preparatory and Grade I in two shifts of about three hours, each taking English almost entirely as a content.”

D OWNER GIFT BOX SCHEMEADDENDUM TO CIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 57 OF 1966CIRCA 10 AUGUST 1966 “One of the perennial concerns in our Primary ‘T’ Schools is the provision of enough suitable reading material for the children. Most children come from homes in which there are no books, newspapers and other written material. It is thus of great importance that they have access to as much reading material as possible… For some years the Department has been supplying supplementary reading books – recreational reading as they were not specifically tied to the reading text books. In the last three years over 500 titles have been bought in this programme. Since 1964 an other scheme has been in operation – the gift box scheme.” Mission and Administration Primary ‘T’ Schools were eligible. Three different boxes of books were available – Middle, Lower and Upper Primary. A school spending $60 on books could apply for a $60 gift box.

D OWNER TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONERSTAFF PROBLEMS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS12 AUGUST 1966ACC 82 BOX 9267 FILE 1.2.7Owner suggests a meeting between senior officers of both departments to resolve the problems.

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SOUTH PACIFIC POSTHIGH SCHOOL PUPILS WILL TRIPLE BY 197012 AUGUST 1966 P 1Cleland advises that the number of Territory high school students will treble to 20,000 by 1970.

JA LEE TO THE DIRECTORREVISED POLICY TOWARD MISSION EDUCATION15 AUGUST 1966ED 1.14.21 F24-26Lee visits East New Britain and New Ireland. In mission education he found wastage, lack of planning, unrealistic planning, “God will provide”, and lack of supervisory staff. He suggests:

1. Don’t subsidise inefficient education, build up supervisory staff.2. Encourage planning3. Encourage local organisation at District and Regional levels to ensure education

responds to local and national needs.

D OWNER APPROPRIATION VOTE 14.5.2CIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 60 OF 196616 AUGUST 1966 Ed 35.1.7This vote is used for two purposes: the board, clothing and text books of indigenous students attending multi-racial high schools, and clothing for and sometimes the maintenance of students at district high schools.

CE BEEBYTHE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIESSEVENTH CAMILLA WEDGWOOD MEMORIAL LECTURE16 AUGUST 1966 Gives the biographies of Wedgwood and Beeby.

WR MAGNAYTEACHER TRAINING16 AUGUST 1966 ED 1.14.16Magnay provides Owner with a five year plan giving enrolments for each year and form, enrolments for each college, additional building costs, the output of Domestic Arts and Manual Arts teachers, and primary teachers required for blocking-up, expansion, and new schools. He says that if the recruitment and re-training targets are met “we shall not have the capacity to provide training for ASOPA students in any large numbers at Goroka unless the suggested building programme is brought forward.” He suggests, in order to make way for these students, that Territory Secondary student intakes be limited in 1969 and 1970, and encourage more of the better Territory students to undertake Primary training.

D OWNER INDIGENOUS SCHOLARSHIP STUDENTS AT MULTIRACIAL HIGH SCHOOLSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 61 OF 196616 AUGUST 1966 “The scholarships awarded to indigenous students to enable them to study at the High Schools at Boroko, Lae and Rabaul are intended to allow the winners to take their place as the social equals of the European children who attend the same schools.” The memorandum sets out the details of the system so that as far as possible everyone will know what ought to happen.

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DM CLELAND TO THE DEPARTMENT OF TERRITORIESEDUCATION FIVE YEAR PHYSICAL BUDGET 17 AUGUST 1966 ED 1.14.13 F 39-40In reply to Warwick Smith’s letter of 20 July 1966, Cleland advises the Department of Territories that he would prefer to leave definitive conclusions until the committee reviewing education policies has produced at least an interim report. In the meantime he suggests that an enrolment figure of 95,000 may be reached in 1970 rather than 77,000 because the Public Service Commissioner has approved a greater intake into Administration Teachers’ Colleges. Cleland also notes:

The Division of Technical Education is developing a force to erect low cost buildings for the growth of secondary schools in the current financial year.

Relatively few teachers are capable of shift teaching – too demanding. There is a case for a later start to Primary education and a reduction of one year in the

length of schooling but further reductions would be highly undesirable. The question of streaming children in the upper two years of the six or seven year

primary course is being further examined. We have always had difficulty in filling our recruitment quota with suitably qualified

and experienced secondary teachers.

CE BARNESPAPUA AND NEW GUINEA: EDUCATIONHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 17-18 AUGUST 1965In answer to question 1686 from Whitlam, Barnes outlined proposals made to the States and International bodies for assistance in education in Papua and New Guinea over the past five years. Barnes’ answer covered the secondment of teachers and training masters, assistance from UNICEF to provide science equipment and the United Nations Special Fund for aid to establish a non-graduate secondary teacher training course at Goroka. Statistics were also provided on teachers in Administration and Mission schools, and teacher bonding agreements with Australian states. (Hansard p 75)

In answer to question 1814 from LR Johnson, Barnes provided statistics on the number of teachers who had resigned or completed their contracts over the past six years – rising from 29 in 1961 to 72 in 1965. He also provided information on salaries, allowances, accommodation, rental charges, and number of periods taught each week. (Hansard p 82-83)

In answer to question 1772 from Reynolds, Harold Holt provided statistics on the net increase in the number of teachers employed in primary, secondary and technical government and non-government schools in each of the past ten years. (Hansard p 258)

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTNEW MATHS PLAN FOR T SCHOOLS17 AUGUST 1966 P 2Melbourne Herald writer Noel Hawken recently visited Papua-New Guinea and said that before the people can become independent the must become a nation. “They must think and feel a lot of things in common, have some ‘national’ consciousness, some idea of what they want, and some idea of how to achieve it.”

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTHEY’RE NOT A NATION17 AUGUST 1966 P 7New Maths for ‘T’ schools will be introduced into the two lower classes in 1967.

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G WARWICK SMITH TO HIS HONOUR THE ADMINISTRATORPAYMENT OF FEES FOR ATTENDANCE AT ADMINISTRATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS18 AUGUST 1966 ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.21 F 3Warwick Smith asks for an update on the Public Accounts Committee’s investigation into primary school fees and information about the declining provision for primary schools in the works programme in recent years and the growing extent to which they have been provided by the community.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTITS ALL VERY CONFUSING19 AUGUST 1966 P 7An article on the legislative process giving the relationship between the House of Assembly, the Governor General, the Administrator, the Administrator’s Executive Council, and their powers.

EJ FITZGERALDADVICE TO SUPERVISORY TEACHERS22 AUGUST 1966 ED 1.15.4A circular letter advising on use of the Observation Book, Duplicated Material, Village Visits, and Personal Reports on Teachers.

D OWNER TO ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR (SERVICES)EXCESS ACCOMMODATION – MISSION TEACHERS’ COLLEGES23 AUGUST 1966 ACC 82 BOX 9330 FLE 19.1.22Warwick Smith’s letter of 22 July 1966 asked for information on vacancies in Mission teachers’ colleges. Owner said that Balob Lutheran College in Lae and St Pauls at Vuvu near Rabaul will have excess accommodation in the years ahead. The enrolment of Administration trainees and use of Administration lecturers in these colleges would post difficulties in that grant-in-aid payments and salaries are higher for Administration than Mission personnel.

D OWNER EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREASCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 63 OF 196623 AUGUST 1966 Owner circulates WJ Neve’s report on a recent visit to Maprik. Neve, the acting Chief of Division Secondary says, “I believe that our primary and secondary schools must orientate young people towards work in rural areas… Rural education involves more than merely adding the teaching of some form of agriculture to the school curriculum… We must make provision for adequate training in the arts, if rural living is to remain attractive.”

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTHE PATH TO INDEPENDENCE24 AUGUST 1966An article by Noel Hawken who visited the Territory and interviewed a number of people including those representing workers and student groups. Les Johnson said, “The student group are not radical. They are more interested in money than social change. The students do not yet realise that the roots of power are in politics.”

JA LEE TO A/DIRECTOR OF EDUCATIONPUPIL RETENTION RATES24 AUGUST 1966 ED 59.1.2Lee provided the pupil retention rates on Primary and Secondary Schools for Administration and Mission schools for 1965-66, and the transfer of pupil from Mission schools at the Secondary level. Lee makes the following points:

Technical education is not included. Target rates are set by the World Bank. Wastage rates differ considerable in the various Missions.

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There are a great number of Mission pupils who are required to repeat years and, Since most schools have some permit teachers, a child may in fact only receive three

or four years of even moderately efficient instruction over the seven-year primary course. Under these conditions it is clear that

Much talent must be lost along with the waste of staff and facilities on the course of this ‘selection process’.

Results in the primary final examination need to be treated with great reserve. Some Missions are in a hopeless position (Anglican in Northern District and Catholic in

Bougainville) with their post Std IV pupils.

CE BARNES TO MOTHER FLAVIA25 AUGUST 1966 ACC 82 BOX 9368 FILE 401.5 Mother Flavia is informed that $40,000 will be made available for Marianville College in 1966/67 and the Administrator will contact her about future assistance. A copy was sent to Calwell.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTEVEN THE SAME LAW CAN’T BRIDGE THAT GAP26 AUGUST 1966 P 7Noel Hawken points out the difficulties of indigenous people mixing with Europeans because of the wage differences.

D OWNER TO JA LEEREVISED POLICY TOWARDS MISSION EDUCATION26 AUGUST 1966 ED 1.14.21 F27-28In reply to Lee’s memorandum of 15 August 1966 Owner expresses concern that the Missions are taking an unrealistic attitude toward over age and uneducable students. He suggests Lee write to all Mission Education Officers in an endeavour to get some final arrangement which will be acceptable to all. As a starting point he suggests “we aim that every primary student should have at least four years in primary schools and that the first terminal period of schooling be equated with the completion of these four years. I suggest that no student should be older than 13 or perhaps 14 years of age, by the time he completes this four year period. In this group all should have the opportunity of advancing either into a two year stream of perhaps on of three types, technical, agricultural or academic. By the first two categories I envisage something in the nature of a vocational bias to the syllabus related to work patterns of the area in which the school exists. This leads us to a second terminal period, i.e. at the end of six years of primary schooling.”

Owner suggested cutting out Preparatory for students in their seventh year or older. “These people I think might be required to do English as a second language, Social Studies and Mathematics combined with the same fields of work for the first grade in the first year of schooling.” He also wants students who fail more than once to advance a grade to have his enrolment terminated. He suggests that Lee discuss these matters with the Secondary and Technical Divisions before they are put to the Inspectors’ Conference and the Education Advisory Board.

DM CLELAND TO PH KARMEL29 AUGUST 1966Cleland would like a closer association between the University and IHTE especially in budgeting and points to library development as an example. He asks for Karmel’s views.

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CE BARNES TO PH KARMEL30 AUGUST 1966On 12 August 1966 Karmel had told the Minister that it would be difficult for the University to confine itself to a grant of $1,750,000 and that $1,952,000 was needed. Barnes agree to increase the grant to $1.8M with an additional $25,000 expected in fees. “I must say tht in present budgetary circumstances it would be quite difficult to go any further.”

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY DEBATESTENTH MEETING OF THE FIRST SESSION30 AUGUST TO 9 SEPTEMBER 1966VOL 1 NO 10Expenditure on Schools: In answer to Question 1372 from Chatterton, Johnson said that anticipated per capita expenditure per pupil for 1966/67 in primary was $73.94, in Secondary day schools $249.75, and Secondary Boarding $326.75. (P 1620)Teacher Training: In answer to Question 1414 from Chatterton, Johnson said that the Department was conducting a residential course at Port Moresby Teachers’ College for advancing thirty “A” Certificate teachers to “B” Certificate level. (P 1657)New Schools: In answer to a comment from Neville, Johnson advised that only seventeen new primary schools were established throughout the Territory last year. (P 1678)Local Vernaculars – Mission Schools: In answer to Question 1471 from Voutas, asking whether a short period alternative to an existing subject period could be used to teach the vernacular in the lower grades, Johnson said, “The problems of meeting the educational needs of the children of the Territory are such that no reduction in the hours allotted essential instruction in English is possible. Mission schools, however, are permitted to teach religious subjects in the vernacular in the lower primary grades and the department has no objection to the teaching of literacy in the vernacular (or in Neo-Melanesian) after school hours. (P 1714)Grants-in Aid – Mission Schools: In answer to Question 1472 from Voutas, Johnson said that GIA is under continuous review and there have been three upward revisions since 1962. (P 1714)

PH KARMEL TO CE BARNES3I AUGUST 1966Karmel thanks the Minister for his budget consideration.

PH KARMEL TO JT GUNTHER3I AUGUST 1966Karmel send Gunther a copy of the Minister’s reply recommends that if the shortfall could be made up by adjusting the housing contract it should be done.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTV AT THIS STAGE IMPRACTICAL: SIR DONALD31 AUGUST 1966Cleland tells the House of Assembly that the introduction of TV is impractical. The report was tabled in the House in March and examined in detail by Posts and Telegraphs, Education and the Department of Information and Extension Services. There is not enough money or staff.

COMMITTEE OF REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIESACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.25 F1-2 21-2331 AUGUST 1966A questionnaire and letter to departmental heads was under preparation. McKinnon provided the Committee with copies of his paper. Determining the age of students was proving difficult McKinnon agreed to seek the view of the Headmasters’ Conference to be held in Port Moresby the second week of September.

The structure of the report was considered. An introductory chapter defining the terms of reference, the objectives of education in the Territory, their importance, the relationships between them, constraints on their attainment, and the Committee’s approach to the objectives. Chenoweth to prepare in conjunction with McKinnon. The second chapter was to be based on McKinnon’s paper and should be headed “Review of Existing Policies.” McKinnon will amend and rewrite his paper. The third chapter “Extent to Which the Committee’s Objectives are Being Achieved” will be left until the first two are completed. The fourth should contain a

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summary of what the Committee considers is required to meet the objectives and the final chapter should be a summary of recommendations as to the future programme for education.

The Committee is to tour Rabaul in early October and Popondetta at the end of October.

RC RALPHTHE PREPARATION OF NATIVES FOR TEACHING IN PAPUA-NEW GUINEA‘THE FORUM OF EDUCATION VOL XXV NO 2SEPTEMBER 1966 Ralph is Chief of Division Primary Education. He mentions the move from universal primary to secondary and higher and gives statistics on these plus the number of successful (703) teacher trainees in 1965. “Already the events of 1966 are upsetting the forward projections. Wastage of teachers has already been heavy, but its extent is not yet known. (This article was written in March 1966). Teachers are leaving the Department and undertaking courses leading to the Queensland Junior Certificate or the Adult Matriculation equivalent, or enrolling in the Preparatory year at the new University of Papua and New Guinea, or are joining private enterprise.”

Ralph points out that recruitment for government teacher trainees is conducted by the Department of the Public Service Commissioner according to a quota of recruitment laid down for all Departments by the Central Policy and Planning Committee. This quota, he says is inadequate to keep up with present needs.

Ralph mentions that trainees receive their certificates at the end of the course rather than after a period of probation. This, he says, could be a mistake and he recommends a probationary period of three years.

Section II outlines the various teacher training courses. Section III describes re-training courses – ‘A’ certificate to ‘B’ certificate; Senior Officers’ Course.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTEXTRA SEATS: “SPECIALS OUT”2 SEPTEMBER 1966 P 1The Select Committee on Constitutional Development had its report adopted by the House of Assembly. The Open electorates increase from 44 to 69 and special from 10 to 15. Some control over internal revenue. Other changes are listed.

D OWNER SYLLABUS DEVELOPMENTSCIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 67 OF 19669 SEPTEMBER 1966 Owner outlines changes to the Primary ‘T’ Syllabus which is currently being reprinted. Changes are to Mathematics, Science, and Reading. Hours of instruction have been increased especially in the lower grades.

RC RALPHSTAFF AND ENROLMENTS – THE PRESENT OUTLOOK FOR 196714 SEPTEMBER 1966 A 7 page paper prepared for the Senior Officers’ Conference. Ralph is concerned with the prospect of staff shortages in 1967 and possible changes to the primary system to accommodate this. “The year 1967 promised to be a more than usually vexatious one as far as staffing is concerned… we shall be extremely short-staffed next year… the shortage will be between 155 and 210.” He expects a gain of 110 teachers for 1967 and estimates that an additional 528 will be needed by the beginning of the 1970 school year.

Ralph provides statistics showing the growth in primary schools, for each standard, from 1962 to 1966. These show that Standard VI, as a percentage of total enrolment has grown from 4.8% in 1962 to 7.7% in 1966. He also provides figures showing the progression from one standard to the next highest standard over the same period. These should show the same figure or slightly less if there is wastage or drop outs. Even allowing for repeats, Ralph says, “The conclusion is inescapable, that up to Standard III there is a marked intake from Mission

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Schools… The 1966 enrolments were analysed on 13 May 1966 and the result shows that intakes from Missions may be held responsible for the allocation of about 60 Administration teachers.”

To accommodate the short fall in teachers Ralph suggests: No intake should be accepted at any primary level from any mission school. We consolidate existing schools. No new schools should be opened in 1967. Restrict Preps to the number for which staff are available. Failed students should be terminated.

Ralph recommends: Overseas recruiting should be sought and the ceiling raised. Recruitment for Teachers’ Colleges should be stepped up. The ‘E’ Course should be revived for a period of not less than three years. The tendency towards rapid expansion in primary should be halted. Quality rather than quantity should be aimed at. No more shift work. Every effort should be made to bring the Teacher:Pupil Ratio back from the present

1:35 to 1:30. A committee should investigate temporarily suspending Prep classes with the intake

going straight into a composite Prep-Std I class.

RC RALPHINSPECTIONS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS14 SEPTEMBER 1966 A 2 page paper prepared for the Senior Officers’ Conference. Ralph considers that the work load of inspectors is too heavy. He suggest categories of officers who should receive annual inspections and those who should receive biennial inspections.

COMMITTEE OF REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIESACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.28 F 19-2014 SEPTEMBER 1966Little progress had been made since the last meeting. McKinnon was out of the country and did not attend the meeting. The drafts of chapter had not been prepared so little was achieved.

REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIESACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.23 F 23-2414 SEPTEMBER 1966A draft of a circular sent to Administration departments asking “for information regarding present and planned training activities of all kinds.” A set of questionnaires was attached for completion.

CE BARNESPAPUA AND NEW GUINEA: SCHOOL CHILDRENHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 14 SEPTEMBER 1966In answer to question 1849 from Whitlam, Barnes provided a table showing the school age population and the numbers of indigenous and non-indigenous children in PNG and Australian schools at the various levels and how many were receiving subsidy. (P 914)

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D OWNER STUDY COURSES FOR TEACHERS GRADE I (EXPATRIATE)CIRCULAR MEMORANDUM NO 66 OF 196615 SEPTEMBER 1966 A special course will be held at Port Moresby Teachers’ College from 14 December 1966 to 24 January 1967 for those wishing to study for entry to the Second Division.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTPOLICIES WILL AID GROWTH16 SEPTEMBER 1966The Prime Minister, Harold Holt gives details of Australian spending and policies concerning the Territory. “Australia’s aim in Papua and New Guinea is to five it an institutional framework for democratic government where nom existed before and a modern economy that will be diversified and strong, so that the people can exercise their right to choose their own future… Australia’s support will continue, not only in the realms of political, social and economic development, but in defence as well. Australia has always made it clear that Papua and New Guinea will be defended as though it were part of the Australian mainland. I have not yet had the opportunity of visiting the Territory , but I hope that I will soon be able to do so. I would like to see at first hand the results of these last two decades of change.”

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTWE’RE BUILDING TO MAINTAIN GROWTH16 SEPTEMBER 1966 P 7Barnes recounts achievements and lists plans in areas such as education, health, local government and agriculture. “The Australian Government has made it clear that the constitutional course for Papua and New Guinea is set towards internal self-government.”

COURIER MAILNG LOOKS AT FUTURE17 SEPTEMBER 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.23 F 25The Courier Mail announces the study into “manpower needs”, the type of training needed, syllabuses, on-the-job training, and adult education. This is in reference to the questionnaire forwarded to departments by the committee reviewing education policies.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTNEW ADMINISTRATOR ARRIVES19 SEPTEMBER 1966 P 1Hay and his wife arrived in Moresby today to make a six week orientation visit to the Territory. He takes up his post next year.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTA DAY OF HISTORY19 SEPTEMBER 1966 P 7Speaking to the people of the Territory on Commemoration Day, Sir Donald Cleland said the day commemorates three events in Territory history. The first occurred on September 14, 1884 when that portion of New Guinea, known as British New Guinea and subsequently renamed Papua, was declared by proclamation to form part of Her Majesty’s Dominions. The second occurred on September 12, 1914 when Rabaul, in what was then known as German New Guinea, was occupied by an Australian Expeditionary Force following the outbreak of war with Germany. The third event occurred in September 1945 when the Allied Forces reoccupied Rabaul following the surrender of the Japanese in World War II.

CATHOLIC EDUCATION21 SEPTEMBER 1966 A 35 page document which says it was ‘given’ in Boston. It covers all levels of education: primary, secondary, professions and trades, adult education, teaching, and matters of religion. It deals with aims and objectives, building programs, wages, syllabi, possible development, and community effort.

K KALO TO RC RALPH

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SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHING IN VERNACULAR IN LOWER CLASSES23 SEPTEMBER 1966 Kalo gives points for and against.

K KALO TO RC RALPHMISSION EDUCATION23 SEPTEMBER 1966 ED 1.14.25 F 43-44Kalo makes the following points:

The missions and the local government councils must provide schools. The government is not enough.

The missions have over expanded. They need trained teachers and to retrain permit teachers.

The missions need supervisory teachers. The current supervisors are full-time teachers.

It is impossible to inspect schools. There are too many mission teachers’ colleges. The missions should set up a salary scale equal to the administration. Teachers have one profession and so their welfare should be in the hands of one body -

the government. There is a need for closer liaison between the missions and the government on

education.

CE BARNESPAPUA AND NEW GUINEA EDUCATION ALLOWANCE26 SEPTEMBER 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.24 F19-20The Minister announces $290 p.a. for the first child (no change) and $390 p.a. for each additional child.

WE DUNCANSON TO JT GUNTHERPAPUA AND NEW GUINEA EDUCATION ALLOWANCE27 SEPTEMBER 1966Duncanson suggest the two meet on the first and third Monday of each month. He lists matters of importance which require early discussion. These are site matters, common buildings and services, halls of residence, students’ union, playing fields, and library.

PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONVOL 4 NO 3OCTOBER 1966 McKinnon and Lee are the editors. Kwamala Kalo is on the editorial board and the journal contains an article by him as well as Slim Roma Kokiva, and Vincent Eri. There are articles on multiple class teaching, rural education, team teaching, TV, nationalism, and early education under the Australian mandate. Information is provided on staff overseas and background is given on contributors.

McKinnon’s editorial is on planning. “The Department has recently been pressing ahead with a programme of overall forward planning on a more extensive scale than ever before… Individual Missions have been asked to prepare equally detailed development plans… If there is a more realistic appraisal of what can be accomplished in the immediate future in terms of formal education, it will become practicable to examine more closely some useful alternatives to formal schooling. Over the next few months it is possible that the Missions, and Departments of information and Extension Services, District Administration and Agriculture, can evolve a scheme of activities at the village community level which will satisfy many immediate social needs without impeding the growth of an efficient school system.”

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JT GUNTER TO WE DUNCANSON7 OCTOBER 1966 Gunther responds to Duncanson’s letter of 27 September 1966.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTSEND STUDENTS SOUTH – MHA: BUT DEPT WARNS OF DANGER10 OCTOBER 1966 P 3MHA Don Barrett says to send select students to study in Australia because many students planned a career which required subjects that were not available at Territory schools. The Department warns of integration problems when they return.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTBRIEF SCHOOL VISITS BEST10 OCTOBER 1966 P 7The editorial says, “Many native students would find it hard to settle down in the Territory again after two years in Australia… syllabuses differ… At this stage a program to enable selected Territory students to visit schools or school children in Australia for limited periods would benefit all parties without risk.”

ATT SHANLEYTHE PRIMARY “A” SCHOOL17 OCTOBER 1966 Appears to be an address to inspectors – possibly at Senior Officers’ Conference. Gives a brief background on post-war developments, inspection of ASOPA graduates and resources available to schools.

SOUTH PACIFIC POST“TEACH ONE TONGUE”19 OCTOBER 1966 P 2Clyde Cameron said in the House of Representatives that some mission schools were teaching in German – others in Motu, Pidgin or any other language which happened to be favoured by a missionary. “There will never be a united New Guinea – at any rate united to the degree of being able to defend itself against Indonesia – until we weld the people into a one-language group.”

COMMITTEE OF REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIESACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.30 F 30-3220 OCTOBER 1966Only one reply has been received to the questionnaire sent to departmental heads. Thirty have been received from people and other organisations. A draft of chapter one is available, chapter two is awaiting completion. McKinnon could possibly provide an additional chapter which would include the sources of existing policies and a review of such policies.

LW JOHNSON TO DIRECTOR OF EDUCATIONCATHOLIC EDUCATION OF EUROPEAN CHILDREN IN PORT MORESBY20 OCTOBER 1966ED 1.14.21 F 30-31Fr Meaney called on Johnson and advised that 150 Catholic children will have to be sent to Administration schools as the Catholic system does not have enough teachers. Johnson says there are three possibilities. Provide GIA for mission teachers at ‘A’ schools, loan them teachers, or the Government assumes full responsibility for Catholic pupils. He considers GIA to be the best solution for 1967.

PH KARMEL TO DM CLELAND25 OCTOBER 1966“The Interim Council is well aware of the costs of tertiary education and of your problem in finding funds from your annual budget. I am asked by the Council to assure you that it wishes to cooperate with you in any and every way that will ease your difficulties; but, the Council is mindful of the detailed objectives given to it by the Ordinance. Moreover, when I was offered the position of Chairman I was told clearly that I should develop the University with all

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reasonable haste.” Karmel says he will share facilities with the IHTE and the Administrative College and that the three institutions are cooperating.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTRAINED STAFF IS GREATEST NEED26 OCTOBER 1966 P 8The Madang district education officers submit a report to the Committee of Inquiry into Education and state that the greatest need is for qualified native staff. For consolidation and expansion it urged an output of 600 trained teachers for the next three years. This output should then be increased to 1000 a year the report said.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTTEACHERS’ COMPLAINTS31 OCTOBER 1966 P 7KR Lamacraft, Chief of Division Technical Education, summarises developments in technical education since 1959.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTWHEN KUKUKUKUS RULED THE RANGE9 NOVEMBER 1966 P 7Account of the early years in Kukukuku country. Photos of Ian Downs and Jack McCarthy.

LW JOHNSON TO DIRECTOR OF EDUCATIONLIVING STANDARDS OF PAPUANS AND NEW GUINEANS11 NOVEMBER 1966 ED 1.14.33 F 1“The Minister for Territories has been concerned for some time that Papuans and New Guineans have developed living standards which are not appropriate to their economic situation. He has instructed from time to time that we should endeavour to promote the idea of a Papuan and New Guinean standard of dress, food, etc… Do you see any opportunity for promoting some discussion on such “national standards” among student bodies in educational institutions?”

LW JOHNSON TO DIRECTOR OF EDUCATIONNATIONAL FOODS11 NOVEMBER 1966 ED 1.14.33 F 2“Would you advise me if anything is cone in Home Economics in schools to encourage and promote the use of local recipes with traditional foods. If not, would you give consideration to making this matter an important segment of cooking classes.”

DEPARTMENT OF TERRITORIES TO HIS HONOURINCREASED SECONDARY EDUCATION SUBSIDY ALLOWANCE14 NOVEMBER 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.24 F21His Honour is informed that the secondary allowance is to be increased by $100 per annum in respect of second and subsequent children of one family at secondary school in Australia at the same time, with effect from the beginning of 1967. There is to be no review of secondary allowances within the Territory.

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY DEBATESELEVENTH MEETING OF THE FIRST SESSION21 TO 28 NOVEMBER 1966VOL 1 NO 11Under-Secretary for Education: When Tei Abal asked why there was none for Education Matthias To Liman stated that he acted in the position. (P 1856)Institute of Higher Technical Education Bill 1966: The Bill to move the Institute from Port Moresby to Lae, was presented to the House by Don Barrett, a member of the House and chairman of the planning committee of the IHTE. Barrett said that although the Currie Commission recommended that the University and the Institute be established in Port

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Moresby, “it soon became clear, as planning went forward, that it would be very difficult to arrive at a suitable formula for the sharing of facilities at the June Valley (now Waigani) site.”Les Johnson said that the Administration did not oppose the move.(25 November 1966 P 1977-8

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTLINKING THE MOUNTAINS WITH THE SEA23 NOVEMBER 1966 P 7Tom Ellis gives the history of the highlands.

SOUTH PACIFIC POSTFOR MR HAY IT’S A TIME FOR READING30 NOVEMBER 1966 P 5Hay is in Canberra reading up on the Territory.

RC RALPHEDUCATION IN PAPUA AND NEW GUINEAEDUCATION GAZETTE, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NSW VOLVX NO 11 DECEMBER 1966Ralph mentions pre and post-war education, ASOPA, teacher training courses in the Territory, the E course, universal primary education, consolidation and blocking up, inservice training, ‘A’ schools, secondary school subsidies and scholarships, technical and adult education.

MCKINNON’S APPOINTMENT AS DIRECTOR OF EDUCATIONLes Johnson says McKinnon is the obvious successor, of course. Owner was the senior departmental officer but Owner would have been a most unsuitable head. We set up a selection committee which consisted of Warwick Smith and one other. We interviewed a short list of candidates. There were a couple of Australians – academics and inspectors of schools – there was Owner and there was McKinnon. It was crystal clear that McKinnon was so far ahead of the others that it would be ludicrous to consider anybody else. So the committee unanimously agreed to appoint McKinnon. Warwick Smith held it up for a year just because he did not like McKinnon. We were stymied for a year with Owner vegetating in the job and this committee had unanimously recommended McKinnon. (Johnson to Blatchford 2 April 1982).

KR MCKINNON TO THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR (SERVICES)POLICY DIRECTION ON SECONDARY SUBSIDY2 DECEMBER 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.24 F22McKinnon, the Director of Education, suggests that the post-Junior scholarships for indigenous, mixed-race and Asian students to attend business courses in Australia, to be extended to Europeans or discontinued. (The scholarships were first approved 9 June 1962).

SOUTH PACIFIC POST5 LOCAL TEACHERS NOW INSPECTORS7 DECEMBER 1966 P 3Five senior Papuan and New Guinean teachers have been posted as District Inspectors. Each of the men had visited Australia or New Zealand to widen their experience of teaching procedures and administrative procedures. Alkan Tololo, a member of the Council of the Institute of Higher Technical Education has been posted to the Northern District. Paulias Matane, winner of a Churchill Scholarship this year, is posted to West New Britain. In the middle of next year he will undertake a six month study tour of African countries. Kwamala Kalo will be posted to the Chimbu district; Tau Boga to the East Sepik; and Mata Tau to Manus.

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D OWNER TO THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR LIVING STANDAARDS AND NATIONAL FOODS8 DECEMBER 1966ED 1.14.33 F 4-5The acting Director of Education says student councils and local government councils could be asked for their opinions on national dress. The syllabi cover native foods.

D OWNER TO THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ADMINISTRATOR POLICY DIRECTION ON SECONDARY SUBSIDY8 DECEMBER 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.24 F24-25The acting Director of Education, recommends the post-Junior scholarships for students to attend business courses in Australia be discontinued. Les Johnson asks for more information on Territory courses and enrolments.

G WARWICK SMITH TO HIS HONOUR THE ADMINISTRATORSCHOLARSHIPS FOR EXPATRIATE MISSION TEACHERS AT ASOPA9 DECEMBER 1966The Minister has approved the granting of a single fare to Papua and New Guinea to graduating scholarship holders to enable them to proceed to the Territory to partake in the final teaching round normally conducted in Territory schools under ASOPA supervision.

LONGAYROUX TO THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONEREDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY: REVIEW OF EDUCATION POLICIES19 DECEMBER 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.23 F46Longaroux, the executive officer of the review of education policies advises the PSC that five departments haven’t submitted their reports.

KR MCKINNON TO THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR (SERVICES)SUBSIDISATION OF MISSIION EDUCATION19 DECEMBER 1966ACC 82 BOX 9368 FILE 40.1.4 McKinnon, the Director of Education, has not replied to the Bishop’s letter of 21 October 1966 because the Bishop came to see him. The Bishop “persisted with his attitude that he councils should give money to missions to build mission buildings which continued to be owned by the Church. I persisted with the attitude that council taxes should be applied to both land and buildings remaining with the council. I pointed out that we would have no objection to the mission staffing such a school. The situation is unacceptable to the Bishop and I do not see any immediate resolution. The best long term solution will come from the review of the long term place of Church schools in Territory education. A review currently in progress.”

KR MCKINNON TO THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR (SERVICES)30 DECEMBER 1966ACC 82 BOX 9330 FILE 19.1.22 F32-3McKinnon advises that student enrolment at Goroka Teachers’ College is limited by staff housing, staff available at the required levels, and recruitment quotas set by the CPPC. At present staff housing will allow a maximum intake of 220-250 students.

REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA AND NEW GUINEA FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 1966The report provides information on:Dates and places of Interim Council meetings; Membership: Includes Zure Zurecnuoc MHA and Under-Secretary Department of Treasury, and Lepani Watson MHA and Under-Secretary to the Assistant Administrator;Staff Appointments;Enrolments: 58 were enrolled in the Preliminary Year. 35 qualified for matriculation.Courses: 1967 Preliminary Year courses will comprise two compulsory courses – English and History of Science and Technology, and the option of two Arts courses – History and Social Studies, or two Science courses – Mathematics and Biology.

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First year courses will be Economics, English, History, The Law and Society, Mathematics, Physics, Sources of Law ,Precedent, Constitutional History, and Legal Logic. Academic Committee: Draft statutes have been prepared. Finance: Statements to the end of the year were attached. Buildings and Site Development; Library; Donations.

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