Vietnam

Chapter 22 Vocabulary Ho Chi Minh Vietminh Domino theory Dien Bien Phu Geneva Accords Vietcong Ho Chi Minh Trail Tonkin Gulf

Resolution Napalm Agent Orange Credibility Gap Dove Hawk

Vietnamization Silent Majority Pentagon Papers War Powers Act POW Kent State University New Left Tet Offensive Draft Search and destroy

missions Students for a Democratic

Society Saigon

ROOTS of WAR

History: France controlled

Indochina Indochina = Vietnam,

Laos and Cambodia During WWII Japan

took over After WWII France

regains control

ROOTS of WARHo Chi Minh (Communist leader) returns to

Vietnam, forms with nationalist groups wanting independence

Group = Vietminh

U.S. fears the Domino Theory

France loses at Dien Bien Phu and leaves Vietnam

Geneva Accords – divides Vietnam at the 17th parallel

ROOTS of WARNorth (Communist)

Capitals: Hanoi

Leaders: Ho Chi Minh popular

Gave support to

used the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply the Vietcong

South (Nationalist)Saigon

Ngo Dinh Diem Receiving aid from U.S.

Corrupt Against the Buddhist

ROOTS of WAR

America’s Response:

JFK sends troops, realizes Diem must go

U.S. led coup to overthrow Diem

Diem is executed JFK assassinated

America’s Response:Read pages 732-741 and answer the

following questions:

1. How was JFK going to deal with Vietnam?

2. What were LBJ’s views of losing the war?

3. What happened in the Gulf of Tonkin?

4. What was Operation Rolling Thunder?

5. When did America send ground troops?

America’s Response:

1. How was JFK going to deal with Vietnam?

JFK intended to withdrawal troops, this is disputable

2. What were LBJ’s views of losing the war?

It would be disastrous, didn’t want the Democrats to appear soft on communism

America’s Response:

3. What happened in the Gulf of Tonkin?North Vietnam attacked the U.S. Destroyer,

the U.S.S. Maddox4. What was Operation Rolling Thunder?1st sustained bombing of North Vietnam5. When did America send ground troops?1965

America’s Response:

6. What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

7. How did Americans feel about U.S. policy in Vietnam?

8. How many troops did America have in Vietnam by the end of 1965? 1967?

9. Why did the U.S. think this would be an easy victory?

10. Why wasn’t it?

America’s Response:6. What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?Gave LBJ power to do anything in Vietnam

7. How did Americans feel about U.S. policy in Vietnam?

Most supported containment 8. How many troops did America have in

Vietnam by the end of 1965? 1967?180,000 / 500,0009. Why did the U.S. think this would be an

easy victory?Superior military and weapons 10. Why wasn’t it?

War in the Jungle

Not going well, why?

1. Americans not familiar with the land

2. Ambush attacks

3. Enemy blended in with the population

4. Vietcong built tunnels

5. Morale

Vietnam Video

http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/videos#the-road-to-war

The War at Home

LBJ’s Great Society suffers

The living room war

Credibility gap Doves v. Hawks

A Nation Divided Manipulative draft The New Left

– Students for a Democratic Society

– Began protesting their discontent

– Campus protest grew larger and larger

– SDS organized marches on Washington

1968: “America’s Worst Year”

Tet Offensive January – Vietnamese New Year One week cease fire for the holiday Vietcong launch a surprise attack on

100 cities, including the American embassy in Saigon

Attacks lasted over a month before U.S. regained control of the cities

Tet Offensive

Vietcong lost 32,000 men, the U.S. lost 3,000

Credibility gap widened Johnson’s popularity falls http://www.history.com/videos/tet-offensive-surprises-americans#the-tet-offensive

Tet Offensive

1968: “America’s Worst Year”

Johnson decides not to seek re-election

Front-runner, Robert Kennedy is assassinated

Protests continue to grow

1968: Race for the Presidency

Democratic convention in Chicago – chaos and violence

Democratic nominee = Hubert Humphrey

Republican nominee = Richard Nixon Independent nominee = George

Wallace

The War Winds Down

The Election of 1968 – Nixon wins! Promises to restore order / end Vietnam U.S. began pulling troops out by 1969 Negotiations went poorly Vietnamization = Nixon’s plan to

withdraw troops slowly Nixon’s plan appealed to the Silent

Majority

War Winds Down http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=105895 http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=1752 http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=164100&title=Tactics_used_in_the_Vietnam_War&vpkey

=

American Stories (VHS) “Matters of Conscience”

What different views about the Vietnam War were expressed in the video?

Why does Gubar say he feels guilty about having served in the war?

List 2 arguments for the side of the Hawks and 2 arguments for the side of the Doves

Events of the War Continue to Divide the Country

1. My Lai Massacre

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHk4TGWx0ZM

Invasion of Cambodia

3. Kent State University

4. Pentagon Papers

The War Comes to an End!

1972 Nixon is reelected Christmas bombings March, 1973: last American troops

leave Vietnam April, 1975: Saigon falls to the

North Vietnamese Vietnam remains a unified,

Communist country today

Atlas Review Q/A1. When were U.S.

advisors first sent to Vietnam?

2. When did the U.S. withdrawal troops from Vietnam?

3. What is the importance of the helicopter?

4. What year did the U.S. have the most amount of personnel in Vietnam? How many?

5. What were the reasons people were opposed to the war?

6. When did the war end?

7. How can the Tet Offensive be seen as a victory and a defeat?

8. When were the first two American deaths in Vietnam?

9. When did the U.S. invade Cambodia?

10. When did the U.S. invade Laos?