Video Production

By Josh Gallagan

Video Production

Professional video production, or videography, is the art and service of videotaping, editing, and distributing a finished video product. This can include television production, commercial video production, and corporate and event videos.

Types of Media

1. DVD = "Digital Video Disc" is an optical disc storage media format. Its main uses are video and data storage. DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs) but store more than six times as much data.a) DVD +R/-R Storage Capacity

4.7 GB (single-sided single-layer) 8.54 GB (single-sided double-layer) 17.08 GB (double-sided double-layer - rare)

2. Mini DV MiniDV "S" cassettes, 65 × 48 × 12 mm and hold either 60 or 90 minutes of

video (13 or 19.5 GB ) depending on whether the video is recorded at Standard Play (SP) or Extended Play (sometimes called Long Play) (EP/LP).

80 minute tapes that use thinner tape are also available and can record 120 minutes of video in EP/LP mode.

The tapes sell for as little as US$2.50 each in quantity as of 2009

Resolution

Interlaced vs Progressive

1. Interlaced Reads odd lines first then even lines (1,3,5 ,

2,4,6). Can produce choppy picture

2. Progressive Reads lines in order (1,2,3,4,5,6) Produces a better more smooth picture

Resolution

480 vs 576 vs 720 vs 1080

480 is most common video resolution = EDTV Enhanced Definition

576 = SDTV Standard Definition 720 is High Definition. More manageable HD

filesize than 1080. 1080 is full HD. Most video does not have the

ability to broadcast in 1080 yet, plus it is expensive and takes a lot of hard drive space.

Connections

Firewire 400 or IEEE 1394 interface (4pin or 6pin, transfers upto 400mbp/s)

Connections

Firewire 800 or 9pin = transfers upto 800 mbp/s

Connections

USB = Universal Serial Bus – transfers upto 60 MBP/S

Connections

Esata = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (transfers upto 3-6 gbp/s)

Connections

Composite or RCA = picture signal only, not data transfer

Video is yellow, audio is red and white.

Connections

S-Video = Separate Video (can carry a 480 or 576 analog resolution picture)

Connections

BNC = Bayonet Neill-Concelman

Color Encoding Systems

Color Encoding Systems - PAL vs SECAM vs NTSC

Color Encoding Systems - PAL vs SECAM vs NTSC

PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line, is a color-encoding system used in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world.

Color Encoding Systems - PAL vs SECAM vs NTSC

SECAM, also written SÉCAM (Séquentiel couleur à mémoire, French for "Sequential Color with Memory"), is an analog color television system first used in France. A team led by Henri de France working at Compagnie Française de Télévision (later bought by Thomson) invented SECAM. It is, historically, the first European color television standard.

SECAM, also written SÉCAM (Séquentiel couleur à mémoire, French for "Sequential Color with Memory"), is an analog color television system first used in France. A team led by Henri de France working at Compagnie Française de Télévision (later bought by Thomson) invented SECAM. It is, historically, the first European color television standard.

Color Encoding Systems - PAL vs SECAM vs NTSC

NTSC (National Television System Committee) is the analog television system used in most of the Americas, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Burma, and some Pacific island nations and territories (see map). NTSC is also the name of the U.S. standardization body that adopted the NTSC broadcast standard. The first black-and-white NTSC standard for broadcast was developed in 1941 and had no provision for color transmissions.

The ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) documents a digital television format that will replace the analog NTSC television system on June 12, 2009 in the United States, August 31, 2011 in Canada and December 31, 2021 in Mexico. It was developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee.

Steps to a Successful Video

1. Identify the equipment/software you will use.a) Camera – Handheld, Prosumer, Professionalb) Tape – Mini DV, HD, SD, DVD-R or external capture.c) Editing Suite – MM, Premiere, Final Cut Pro, Vegas, Etc.d) Connections – Firewire IEEE 1394 interface (4pin or 6pin,

400-800mbp/s), USB, esata (2gbp/s), composite or RCA, S-Videoe) Lights, Greenscreen (chroma-key)

2. Storyboard your production.3. Film your footage.4. Capture your footage onto the computer you will be editing with.5. Edit your video6. Export video7. Duplicate for distribution8. Develop packaging9. Distribute

Storyboard and Planning Document

Basics of Lighting

http://videoproductiontips.com/video-production-tips/lighting-for-video-lesson-one/

3 Point Lighting

Key Light – set at 45 degree angle to the front of the subject

Fill Light – set at 45 degree angle opposite of the key light. Needs to be less intense than key light(less wattage or farther away). (helps with shadows)

Backlight – Makes them pop out of the background. Should shine down on subject creating light on shoulders and head but less intense than key light.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcMX1RcNRYA

Camera Angles and Shots

http://www.mediaknowall.com/camangles.html

Chroma Key

Chromakey = Green Screen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7uWuLnt

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