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VI. Emergence of Political Parties. Whiskey Rebellion. How did the Whiskey Rebellion influence the creation of political parties? Political groups called Democratic Societies supported the rebellion. These clubs became the basis for the Democratic-Republican Party . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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VI. Emergence of Political Parties
How did the Whiskey Rebellion influence the creation of political parties?
◦ Political groups called Democratic Societies supported the rebellion. These clubs became the basis for the Democratic-Republican Party.
◦ The Federalist Party formed in reaction to the clubs.
Whiskey Rebellion
Though George Washington supported most Federalist beliefs, he refused to declare himself a Federalist. Why?◦ George Washington opposed parties and did not
want to side with one faction over another. What did he say about political parties in his
Farewell Address?◦ “Let me now take a more comprehensive view,
and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful (destructive) effects of the spirit of party generally.”
Critically Thinking:
The Parties EmergeFederalist
Hamilton & Adams◦ Supported the policies of
Washington administration
◦ Rule by the wealthy◦ Loose interpretation of
Constitution ◦ Liked strong federal gov.◦ Emphasis on
manufacturing ◦ National bank◦ Protective tariffs ◦ Supported Britain
Democratic-Republicans Jefferson & Madison
◦ Wanted to limit power of federal govt
◦ Rule by the people◦ Strict/literal interpretation
of the Constitution◦ Strong state govs.◦ Emphasis on agriculture◦ State banks◦ Free trade◦ Supported French
John Adams narrowly defeated Thomas Jefferson in the 1796 presidential election◦ Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) winning
southern states◦ Adams (Federalist) winning northern states
Due to an awkward feature of the Constitution, Jefferson became Adams’ Vice-President◦ Constitution was amended in 1804 to avoid a
similarly awkward situation
A. Election of 1796
Nativism is the political position of demanding a favored status for certain established inhabitants of a nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants.
◦ ^ H. B. Entzinger; Marco Martiniello; Catherine Wihtol de Wenden (2004). Migration between states and markets. Ashgate. p. 19.ISBN 978-0-7546-4231-2.
VIII. Nativism
Read Pages 202-203
Nativism typically means opposition to immigration and support of efforts to lower the political or legal status of specific ethnic or cultural groups because the groups are considered hostile or alien to the natural culture, and assumptions that they cannot be assimilated.
◦ ^ Thomas J. Curran, "Assimilation and Nativism," International Migration Digest, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Spring, 1966), pp. 15-25
VIII. Nativism cont.
Consider: The Native American Indians were the only true Native Americans. Nonetheless, as the direct result of ◦ Written and broken treaties◦ Catastrophic military failures◦ Lack of competitive scientific and technological know
how◦ Forced assimilation
the Indians were virtually destroyed by the European immigration that created the United States.◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativism_(politics)
VIII. Nativism cont.
Nativism gained its name from the "Native American" parties. In this context "Native" does not mean indigenous or American Indian but rather those descended from the inhabitants of the original Thirteen Colonies.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativism_(politics) These groups were opposed to
◦ Radicals fleeing Revolutionary France◦ Irish Roman Catholics
VIII. Nativism cont.
The original United States Naturalization Law of March 26, 1790 provided the first rules to be followed by the United States in the granting of national citizenship
Limited naturalization to immigrants who were: ◦ free white persons◦ of good moral character (required 2 years in the US and 1 year in
the state of residence)
It thus excluded:◦ Native American Indians◦ Indentured servants◦ Slaves◦ Free blacks◦ Asians
Naturalization Act 1790
It also provided for citizenship for the children of US citizens born abroad, but specified that the right of citizenship did not descend to persons whose fathers had never been residents in the United States.
Naturalization Act 1790
Naturalization Act of 1795◦ Extended the residency requirement to 5 years
Naturalization Act of 1798◦ Extended the residency requirement to 14 years
Naturalization Acts
Alien & Sedition Acts Federalists (J. Adams) exploited the war
fever (undeclared war with France) by passing the controversial Alien & Sedition Acts 1789◦Alien Act allowed the president to arrest and
deport immigrants who criticized the federal government New immigrants supported Dem-Rep, so
Federalists made it difficult for them to become citizens
◦Sedition Act made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit the federal government Criticism undermined trust in the government Federalists used this Act to silence Dem-Rep
Trial by Jury. Jury could acquit a defendant, but defendants had to prove their innocence
10 men convicted of sedition
A. Alien & Sedition Acts cont.
Reaction to Acts Opposition to Federalist Party grew Movement to allow states to overturn
federal laws grew Discouraged immigration, Some foreigners
left the country 10 republican newspaper editors convicted
for writing against the government Nativism became a major political issue in
the 1800 election
Domestic Affairs The Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
◦ Authored by T. Jefferson and J. Madison in 1798-99◦ Claimed the Alien & Sedition Acts were
Unconstitutional ◦ Kentucky Resolution suggested that states nullify
federal laws considered unconstitutional◦ Reaffirmed principle of states rights
Controversy over these resolutions (balance of state and federal power) threatened the to dissolve the Union◦ Ultimately, the balance was decided by the
election of 1800
Domestic Affairs cont.
IX. Election of 1800 Alien & Sedition Acts unpopular New excise taxes unpopular As 1800 election approached Federalist
urged Adams to rush to war with France◦ Adams declined and appointed representatives to
make peace◦ Federalists turned against Adams
Dem-Republicans had better chance in 1800 since Federalists had chaos in their party
Adams (Federalist) lost the election to Jefferson (Dem-Rep)
Another confusing election◦ Jefferson and Aaron Burr were running mates◦ They tied electoral votes, so election decided by
House of Representatives◦ Hamilton preferred Jefferson to Burr, so Jefferson
became President◦ A peaceful transition from Federalist leadership to
Democratic-Republican leadership resulted (precedent) 1804, Constitution amended 1804, Burr killed Hamilton in a duel
IX. Election of 1800