Veterinary Technician’sDaily Reference Guide

Canine and Feline

Third Edition

COPYRIG

HTED M

ATERIAL

SectionOne OneAnatomy

chapter 1

5

Chapterp 11Anatomy

Veterinary Technician’s Daily Reference Guide: Canine and Feline, Third Edition. Edited by Candyce M. Jack and Patricia M. Watson with Consulting Editor Valissitie Heeren.© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/jackvettechdailyref

Anatomy 6 Overall 6 Musculature 8 Skeletal 8 Internal Organs 9

Circulatory System 11 Nervous System 13 Urogenital System 14 Eye 16 Ear 16

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6 ANATOMY

Figure 1.1 Overall anatomy.

ANATOMY

For a veterinary technician to be able to accurately complete many of his orher daily tasks, a clear understanding of the anatomy of the canine and feline body is needed. The following diagrams show the basic layout of the bodysystems, highlighting the areas of interest that are most commonly accessedin daily medicine practices ranging from the correctly positioned radiographto a single-stick venipuncture.

Overall

See Skill Box 2.5 , Regional Lymph Node Examination, page 35. See Table 5.7 , Directional Terms, page 256.

ANATOMY 7

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Figure 1.2 Palpation landmarks.

4

External sagital crest

External occipital protuberance

Spinous process of axis

Wing of atlasEdge of mandibular salivary gland

Spinous processes ofthoracic vertebrae

Dorsal borderof scapula

Acromion process of scapula

Costal arch

Cranial border of thigh

Xiphoid processof sternum

Costochondral junctions of ribs

Olecranon process of ulna(point of elbow)

Dorsal ends of spinousprocesses of lumbar vertebrae

Iliac crestMedian sacral crest

Ischiatic tuberosity

Femoral artery pulse

Patella

Patellar ligament

Tibial tuberosity

Medial malleous of tibia

Calcanean tuberosityLateral malleous of fibula

Lateral surface of baseof fifth metatarsal bone

Medial surface of baseof second metatarsal bone

Pouch of stifle joint capsule

Accessory carpal bone

Lateral styloid process of ulna

Head of radius

Base of fifth metacarpal bone

Greater trochanter of femur

Lateral ridge of fermoral trochleaLateral condyle of femur

Lateral condyle of tibiaHead of fibula

Distal ends of transverseprocesses of lumbar vertebrae

Zygomatic archOrbital rim

Nasal boneIncisive bone

Nasal cartilage

Infraorbital foramen of maxillaMandibular symphysis and notch

Hyoid archThyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Spine of scapulaCranial border of scapula

Border of m. supraspinatus

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Manubrium of sternum

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Caudal margin of brachium

Caudal marginof m. deltoideus

Trachea

Jugular vein41 2 3 5 6 5 6

4 5 6 7

6 7 8 9

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8 ANATOMY

Figure 1.3 Regional lymph nodes.

Figure 1.4 Musculature: lateral view.

Sternocephalicup s

Cleidocervicalis

Trapezius

Pectoralismajor

Pectoralisminor

Deltoids

CCleidobrachialis

TricepsDeeppectoral

Superficialgluteal

Middlegluteal

Bicepsfemoris

Semitendinosus

Sartorius

Gracilis

ExternalabdominalobliqueLatissimus

dorsi

emiusGastrocne

Figure 1.5 Skeletal: lateral view.

Orbit

MMaxilla

MMandible

Zygomaticarch

RibsHumerus

Ulna

Radius

Phalanges

Carpus

Metacarpus

Ulna

Sternum

Xyphoid

Costalarch

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsus

Metatarsus

Femur

uIschium

Ischialtuberosity

Greateretrochanter

IliumLumbar

Sacrum

IliaccrestThoracic

Scapula

Spine ofscapula

Spinousprocess

Cervical

AtlasAxis

Musculature

Skeletal

See Skill Box 2.7 , Orthopedic Examination, page 39. See Figure 13.1 , Figure 13.2 , Figure 13.3 , and Figure 13.4 , pages

689–691.

ANATOMY 9

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Figure 1.6 Skeletal: dorsal view.

Zygomaticarch

schiaIs luberositytu

Greatertrochanterof femur

Ilium

SacruS m

Iliaccrest

ScapulaSpine ofscapula

laAtl s

xisAx

L1

T1

Wing oofatlas

Figure 1.7 Internal organs: left lateral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-1.

LungsRightkidneyColon

Ureter

Urinarybladderbl dd

Liver HeartGreateromentum(covering(small intestines)

Uterinehorn

Ovaryy

AAnus

Figure 1.8 Internal organs: right lateral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-1.

LungsLeftkidney

Spleen

ColonUreterUreter

Urinarybladderbladder

Smallintestines

StomachStomach

Liver

Heart(cardiac notch)

yThymus

Esophagus

Trachea

Internal Organs

See Skill Box 2.3 , Abdominal Examination, page 34. See Figure 12.2 , Endotracheal intubation, page 634.

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10 ANATOMY

Figure 1.9 Internal organs: ventral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-1.

eaTrache

Lung

Heartt

phragDiap mLiveer

Liver

LiverLGallbladdeer

Commonbile duct

Spleen

StomacS h

Duodenumm

Pancreass

Ascendinggcolon

Ceccum

Rectum

Anall gland

reaterGrmentum (cut)om

Lesseromentum

Jejunum

Ileum

Transverssecolon

Descendingcolon

Mesentery

Essophagus

Figure 1.10 Internal organs: liver and kidney.

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Figure 1.11 Circulatory: dorsal view of the heart. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-2.

Left subclaviaanartery

Aortic arch

Left atrium

Pulmonaryveins

PulmonarP yvev ins

Leftventricle

Coronaryartery

Apex

Rightventricle

Inferiorvena cava

Superiorvvena cava

ulmonarP yrarteries

Rightatrium

Left auricle

Circulatory System

See Skill Box 2.1 , Cardiac Examination, page 31.

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12 ANATOMY

Figure 1.12 Circulatory: internal view of the heart. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-2.

Left subclaLeft subclavianvianartery

Aorta

Apex

Rightventr clic e

peSu riorv na caen va

RRightaatrium

TTricuspidvvalve

RightRaura icle

atLeft rium

Leftventricle

Semilunar valvesof aorta

Ventralpapillaryrmusclee

hordaCh endineate e

Bicuspidvalve

ANATOMY 13

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Figure 1.13 Circulatory: heart valves.

Figure 1.14 Circulatory: lateral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-3.

Figure 1.15 Nervous system: lateral view of the brain.

Corpuscollosum

Epithalamus

CCerebellum

Spinal cord Medullaoblongata

ThalamusPituitary

Opticchiasm

thalamusHypot

OlfO actorybulbu

Nervous System

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14 ANATOMY

Figure 1.16 Nervous system: lateral view. For color detail, see color platesection, CP-3.

Brachialplexus

Femoral

Lumbosacrallplexus

MedianRadial

Ulnar

Sciatic

Tibial

VagosympathetiVV ctrunk

VagusVV

Figure 1.17 Urogenital: ventral view, female.

Adrenalgland

Anal gland

CColon

sugahposEmgarhpaiDD

KKidney

Rectum

Ureter

Urethra

UUrinarybbladder

BBroadliigament

OOvary

Ovarianligament

Roundligament

UUterinetube

Uterus:

BodyHorn

Vagina

Urogenital System

See Skill Box 2.3 , Abdominal Examination, page 34. See Skill Box 11.11 , Urogenital Procedures: Urinary Catheterization,

page 611.

ANATOMY 15

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Figure 1.18 Urogenital: ventral view, male.

Adrenalgland

Analgland

Colon

Di hDiaphragm E hEsophagus

Kidney

Rectum

Ureter

Urethra

Urinarybladder

Bulbourethralgland

Ductusdeferens

Epididymis Glans penisPrepuce

ProstateglandSpermatic

cord

Testis

Penis

Figure 1.19 Urogenital: lateral view, male.

Kidneys

Ureter

Ureethra

Urinary bladder

Ductusdeferensdeferens

EpididymisGlanspenis

Prepuce

Prostate gland

Spermatic cord

TestisOs penis

ColonColon

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16 ANATOMY

Figure 1.20 Eye.

Anteerior chamber

BulbarBulbarconjunctiva

Choroid

Cornea

IrisLens

Opticdisk

Opticnerve

Palpebralconjunctivj ti a

Posteriorchamber

Retina

S lSclera

SuspensoryligamentThird

eyyelid

Vitreoushumor

Figure 1.21 Ear.

ditoryAudvenerv

Cochlea

Eustachian tube(auditory)

Horizontalauditory canal

Middle earycavity

Ovalwindow

Pinna

undRoudowwind

Semicircularcanals

Tympanicmembrane

Verticalauditory canal

Vestibule

Eye Ear

See Skill Box 2.4 , Otoscopic Examination, page 34. See Skill Box 2.13 , Ear Cleaning and Flushing, page 62.