Vet Path 1997-2006 Summaries

Metastasizing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Aged PigOral SCC in pig- also endometrial adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma

Ureteral Fibroepithelial Polyp in an Owl MonkeyProximal ureter-pedunculated on narrow stalk – loosley packed fibroblasts in myxomatous matrix covered with double layer of transitional epithelium

Myopathy with Central Cores in FoalCongenital myopathy- absence of oxidative enzyme activity in the cores

Metastasizing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Aged PigOral SCC in pig- also endometrial adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma

Ureteral Fibroepithelial Polyp in an Owl MonkeyProximal ureter-pedunculated on narrow stalk – loosley packed fibroblasts in myxomatous matrix covered with double layer of transitional epithelium

Myopathy with Central Cores in FoalCongenital myopathy- absence of oxidative enzyme activity in the cores

Altered Expression of ß-catenin, E-cadherin, Cycloxygenase-2, and p53 Protein by Ovine Intestinal Adenocarcinoma Cells J. S. Munday; M. M. Brennan; M. Kiupel Vet Pathol 2006 43: 613-621

Gross Findings:Splenomegaly with nodules and infarcts sometimes hepatomegaly

Histologic findings: Spleen: Red pulp expanded with well differentiated and atypical histiocytes and erythrophagocytic histiocytes occasionally with MNGC: EMH; thrombiLiver: atypical histiocytes in portal vein and extension into parenchyma via sinuses: EMHBone marrow: infiltrated by hemophagocytic histiocytesLung: Atypical histiocytes w/I alveolar septa

Cells expressed MHCII, β2 integrin and CD11d

Feline Progressive Histiocytosis (FPH)V. K. Affolter; P. F. Moore Vet Pathol 2006 43: 646-655.

Gross: focal or multifocal dermal nodules, occas. ulcerated terminally with lymphadenopathyHisto: poorly circumscribed dermal nodule, occas. epithelial involvement, more anaplastic with time, round cells w/distinct cell borders with round to oval nuclei occasionally indentedDDX: primary histiocytic sarcoma history of skin lesions first=FPH

Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Canine Mammary Cell Lines M. Brunelle; E. A. Sartin; L. G. Wolfe; J. Sirois; M. Doré Vet Pathol 2006 43: 656-666In vitro one mammary cell type expressed elevated COX-2 and PGE2 which may directly cause increase cell proliferation.

Immunohistochemical Identification and Pathologic Findings in Natural Cases of Equine Abortion Caused by Leptospiral Infection L. Szeredi; D. A. Haake 2006 43: 755-761IHC was more sensitive than silver staining to detect Lepto organisms (what a surprise?!?) in multiple tissues. Leptospiral AG most abundant in liver, heart, lung, kidney-Grossly: liver enlaragement, one with pinpoint white nodules; yellow liver_Histo:tubulonephrosis, interstitial nephritism vacuolar degeneration of liver, with multinucleated giant hepatocytes, bile duct proliferation with vacuolar degneration

Experimentally induced infection of reindeer w/Mycobacerium bovis page 52*high number of false positives with regular intradermal skin testing*fewer lesions with infection than white tailed deer*All developed m/f caseonecrotic granulomas in the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes*Changes in skin thickness was greater in M. bovis deer with PPD injection

Histochemical and immunohistochemical evidence of a bacterium associated with lesions of Epizootic bovine abortion

Morphological and IHC features of Crytosporidium andersoni in Cattle-Organisms in apical aspect of epitheilal cells in anterior and middle parts of abomasal gastric pitsNo gross changesHistologically-hyperplasia of gastric pits

Two cases of Equine Abortion Caused by Rhodococcus equiVapA=virulence factor for R. equiRare cause of equine abortionsPyogranulomaotus pneumonia in fetuses

Fatal Poxvirus Outbreak in a Colony of New World Monkeys

-erosive ulcerative lesions of oral mucous membranes-hemorrhagic lesions throughout skin, occasionally pustular, IC inclusions-Orthopox virus

Vet Path MTWCPages 357-373

Malignant Seminoma with Metastasis, Sertoli Cell Tumor, and Pheochromocytoma in a Spotted Dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and Malignant Seminoma with Metastasis in a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)-and that’s everything in the article

Acute and Chronic gas Bubble lesions in Cetaceans Stranded in the United Kingdom (pages 291-305)

Multiple gas filled cavitary lesions grossly in liver, occasionally in kidney Cavitary lesions surrounded by fibrosis in liver Lesions occasionally associated with necrosis Fat emboli found in lungs Etiology and pathogenesis unknown—not infectious

Vet Path MTWCVet Pathol 2005 42: Pages 496-516

Unilateral Perinephric Pseudocyst Secondary to Hydronephrosis in a C57BL/6J Mouse D. K. Meyerholz; S. J. Hostetter 496-498

*A perinephric pseudocyst formed secondary to hydronephrosis in mouse which is partially lined by capsule and contains collapsed remnant of kidney

Multicentric Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Two Related Bearded Dragons, Pogona vitticeps

K. Y. Lemberger; A. Manharth; A. P. Pessier Vet Pathol 2005 42: 507-510

*interlacing streams and bundles of spindle cells; S100 and NSE +; neg for smooth muscle actin

Fatal Placental Subinvolution in a Captive Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris, Order Rodentia) C. Juan-Sallés; L. S. Martínez; M. M. Garner 513-516*uterine wall had abundant syncitiotrophoblast-like cells in capillaries Vacular lesions=in uterus and mesometrium consiste of mural invasion by cytotrophoblast and syncitiotophoblast like cells , thrombosis, fibrinoid necrosis

Vet Path Sept 2005 MTWCPages 659-674

Two cases of Malignant Craniopharyngoma

Craniopharyngoma=benign tumor and develops over the diaphragm of sella turcica and has neoplastic cells with characteristics of epithelium-keratin positiveMalignant because anaplasia and invasion of boneAmeloblastic=multiangular form cord like structures and cystsPapillomatous

Putative Metronidazole Toxicosis in a Cat

Metronidazole is metabolized by liver and rapidly crosses blood-brain barrierHisto=multifocal , fairly well demarcated foci of necrosis in brainstem, from diencephalon to medulla oblongata

Vet path 2002 MTWCVet Pathol 2002 39: 273-289

Cutaneous Vasoproliferative Lesions in Goats

Complex Polysaccharide Inclusions in Skeletal Muscle Adjacent to Sarcomas in Two Dogs

Mixed Apocrine Sweat Gland Tumor of the Tail in a Cow

Angiolipomatous Tumors in Dogs and a Cat

Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Different Types of Granulomatous Lesions during Asymptomatic Stages of Bovine ParatuberculosisTuberculoid type lesions-Th1 response with release of cytokines IL-2, TNF, IFN Lepromatous-IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, Il-10, involved in Th2 humoral immunityIL-18 may play role in switch from TH1 to Th-2

Oligodendroglial Dysplasia in Two Bullmastiff Dogs J. P. Morrison; S. J. Schatzberg; A. De Lahunta; J. T. Ross; P. Bookbinder; B. A. Summers

Leukodystrophies in dogs: Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe’s disease or galactocerebrosidosis) in Cain Terriers and Westies-progressive degnertion of white matter of CNS and PNS also reported in Beagle, poodle, basset, blue tick hound, Pomeranian, irish setter and DSH and DLH kittensCavitating leukodystrophy in dalmationsLeukodystrophy in Charolais cattle

Expression of Terminal Differentiation Proteins Defines Stages of Mouse Mammary Gland Development

I. Mikaelian; M. Hovick; K. A. Silva; L. M. Burzenski; L. D. Shultz; C. L. Ackert-Bicknell; G. A. Cox; J. P. Sundberg

Keratins 1,6,10,13,15 and filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin were not detected in any stage of development. K5 and SMA were in basal cells only but none of the markers tested speicifically identified luminal cells Labeling for K8/18 was heterogeneous at all times

Vet Path March 2006 MTWCPages 118-149

First and Second Cattle Passage of TME by intraceerebral inoculationSecond passage TME and TME can infect cattle by intracerebral inoculationTME incattle can not be distinguished from BSE by clinical signs, neuropathology,Or presence of PrP by IHC and WBScrapie and CWD don’t cause BSE lesions with intracerebral inoculation in cattle

Mucosal Immune Response in Cattle with Subclinical Johne’s diseaseM. avium paratuberculosis causes attenuated immune response in the intestinal lamina propria in the subclinical stages most likely due to proliferation of regulatory T cells that nonspecifically suppress the immune response-Increase in memory Tcells (CD2+CD62L-) and regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+)Decrease in T cells with activated phenotype and in cells expressing MHC classII

The Histologic and Epidemiologic Bases for Prognostic Considerations in Canine Melanocytic Neoplasia For oral tunors-nuclear atypia was best predictor of overall behavior-multiple nucleoli, anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, and malignant behavior (metastasis or reoccurrence) is not as common as previously reported)Skin tumors-using only mitotic index not as good as nuclear atypiaTumors of feet and lips- Use mitotic index and nuclear atypia for classification-Equal sex distribution

Meningoencephalitis Tuberculosa in a Holstein Cow E. OruÇ

TB in meninges and ventricles

Vet Path March 2006 MTWCPages 150-182

Pathogenicity of Vietnamese Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains in Colostrum-deprived One-day-old Piglets T. N. Do; I. Wilkie; S. J. Driesen; V. A. Fahy; D. J. Trott Vet Pathol 2006 43: 150-160. Why do I care about E. coli in Vietnamese pigs???Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is associated with neonatal diarrhea belonging to limited number of O serogroups nd one or more fimbriae in association with heat stabile and labile toxins. Vietnamese pigs have new fimbrial type 

Expression of Mx Protein and Interferon- in Pigs Experimentally Infected with Swine Influenza Virus

K. Jung; C. Chae Vet Pathol 2006 43: 161-167. Influenza=Orthomyxovirus; Influenza subtypes based on difference in hemagglutinin (H1-H15) and neuraminidase (N1-9) H1n1, N1N2, H3N2 are commonly isolatedMX and IFN-α are expressed in lungs infected with swine fluIFN’s and MX -antiviral

-Macaque with combined type osteosarcoma composed of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and primitive mesenchymal cells

-Cutaneous angiomatosis=youg dog w/widely dispersed infiltrative mass of benign appearing vessels with benign clinical features

Bile duct epithelium proliferates after ligationProliferating activity of bile ducts decrease as myofibroblast-like cell proliferation increases

Vet Path Nov 2005:42 MTWCPages 828-844

Canine Carcinosarcomas in the Head J Sánchez; A. J. Buendía; M. Vilafranca; R. Velarde; J. Altimara; C. M. Martínez; J. A. Navarro

-Tumors related to osseous structures in the heads of old dogs with admixed arrangement of carcinomatous (cytokeratin +) and sarcomatous (vimentin +) malignant cells-uncommon canine tumor described in mammary glands, thyroid gland, mandibular salivary gland and lung

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)=derived from a primitive neuroepithelial cell that can differentiate along numerous neuroectodermal cell lines ie. Neuronal, ependymal or Glial- may have no specific differentiation or multi-or bipotential differentiation (Meuten)GFAP=astrocyte marker; NSE-neuron; Synaptophysin-Neurons and endocrine cells; S-100: Schwannomas, ependymomas, astrogliomas, and almost all benign and malignant melanomas

Erythropoietin Receptor Expression in Canine Mammary Tumor: An Immunohistochemical Study

A. Sfacteria; G. Mazzullo; C. Bertani; P. Calabrò; G. De Vico; B. Macrì *EPO receptor activity increased in the cytoplasm in dysplastic lesions and more severely in neoplastic lesions in canine mammary glandBinding of EPO results in proliferation, differentiation and survival of erythroid progenitor cells by inhibition of apoptosis, and may be involved in growth, viability and angiogenesis in tumors

Bacterial Meningoencephalitis and Ventriculitis Due to Migrating Plant Foreign Bodies in Three Dogs

M. M. Dennis; L. K. Pearce; R. W. Norrdin; E. J. Ehrhart

-causese regional suppurative encephalitis-sequela to intranasal, periocular, or pharyngeal foreign bodies

Vet Path September 2005 MTWCPages 633-658

Expression of Connexins 26 and 43 in Canine Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Mammary Glands

L. N. Torres; J. M. Matera; C. H. Vasconcellos; J. L. Avanzo; F. J. Hernandez-Blazquez; M. L. Z. Dagli Vet Pathol 2005 42: 633-641

Connexins form a hemi-channel, the connexon, in plasma membraenes: gap junctionsConnexin 26 and 43-fewer spots on cell membranes or more intracytoplasmic immunostaining in aggressive malignant neoplasmsE-cadherin=adhesion molecule: less intense staining in malignant neoplasms

Bovine Papillomavirus Type-2 (BPV-2) Infection and Expression of Uroplakin IIIb, a Novel Urothelial Cell Marker, in Urinary Bladder Tumors of Cows

S. Roperto; V. Ambrosio; G. Borzacchiello; P. Galati; O. Paciello; V. Russo; F. Roperto Vet Pathol 2005 42: 812-81

Uroplakins are integral membrane proteins on the surface of uinary epithelium as part of “urothelial plaque” UPIIb is highly sensitive marker for bovine urothelial tumors but does not correlate with biologic behaviorBPV-2 was detected in all tumors

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Salivary Gland in Two Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

J. S. Munday; L. J. Richey; C. A. Brown; N. A. Rodriguez; M. Kiupel Vet Pathol 2005 42: 819-823.

Plasmacytoma in submaxillary salivary glands-sheets of round cells with eccentric nucleus with “clock face” appearance surrounded by amorphous eosinophilic materialCD79a positive

Incidence of Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy: Necropsy Study of 225 Horses B. A. Valentine; B. J. Cooper Vet Pathol 2005 42: 823-827

Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSSM) was diagnosed of muscle biopsies contained amylase resistant inclusions, 3+ subsarcolemmal aggregates of glycogen, and/or central cytoplasmic bodies containing glycogen Also some had chronic myopathic change=fiber size variation and more internal nucleiFrequency: Draft horse>Morgan>Arabian>Pony (POA)>Appaloosa>Tennessee walker>QH>Paint>Warmblood>Thoroughbred

Ossifying Fibroma in a Miniature Rex Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) K. A. Whitten; M. M. Popielarczyk; D. A. Belote; G. C. McLeod; M. G. Mense Vet Pathol 2006 43: 62-64.

-most frequently in young horses-fibroblastic cells separated by abundant collagen that undergo differentation to osteoblasts and form spicules of woven or lamellar bone

An Unusual Case of Generalized Soft-Tissue Mineralization in a Suckling Foal J. C. Estepa; E. Aguilera-Tejero; R. Zafra; R. Mayer-Valor; M. RodrÍguez

Soft tissue mineralization due to high phosphorus and low PYH concentration that predisposed to vascular mineralization-related to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Inflammatory Infiltrate in the Skin and Lung of Lambs Naturally Infected with Sheeppox Virus

M. Y. Gulbahar; W. C. Davis; H. Yuksel; M. Cabalar The following were histologic lesions of the skin due to sheep pox except:A) Localized acanthosisB) Hyperkeratotic or parakeratotic hyperkeratosis C) Occasional rete ridgesD) Hydropic-reticular keratinocytes to microvesciculationE) Intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies in degenerate keratinocytes

Disseminate Cryptococcosis in a Guenon (Cercopithecus ascanius) K. L. Helke; M. C. Denver; E. Bronson; J. L. Mankowski

Disseminated usually not in immunocompetent animals

Characterization of the cDNA Encoding IIb and ß3 in Normal Horses and Two Horses with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

P. W. Christopherson; T. A. Insalaco; V. L. van Santen; L. Livesey; C. BourneGlanzmann thrombastenia=intrinsic platelet defect of platelet glycoprotein complexs IIb-IIIa ( integrin IIb3) see impaired clot retraction and platelet aggregation

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in a Newborn Calf

H. Yoshikawa; T. Fukuda; T. Oyamada; T. Yoshikawa Vet Pathol 2002 39: 143-145.

American Journal of Pathology, Vol 132, 73-85,1998Role of the Ito cell in liver parenchymal fibrosis in rats fed alcohol and a high fat-low protein dietAn increase in the collagen in both the central and portal areas was found when the livers of the alcohol-fed rats were compared with controls. The predominant cell in the scars was the Ito cell. à Ito cell activation is necessary for scar formation

Vet PatholAugust 4, 2005Kei K

Progressive Immunopathological Changes during Early Stages of Experimental Infection of Goats with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

S. K. Munjal; B. N. Tripathi; O. P. Paliwal Vet Pathol 2005 42: 427-436.

M (membrane epithelial) cells picked up a paratuberculosis à macrophage phagocytosis

"Gas and Fat Embolic Syndrome" Involving a Mass Stranding of Beaked Whales (Family Ziphiidae) Exposed to Anthropogenic Sonar Signals

A. Fernández; J. F. Edwards; F. Rodríguez; A. Espinosa de los Monteros; P. Herráez; P. Castro; J. R. Jaber; V. Martín; M. Arbelo Vet Pathol 2005 42: 446-457.

If you see perivascular hemorrhage, congestion, and gas and fat emboli in the brain of a beaked whale in the exam, think about “gas and fat embolic syndrome” Pathogenesis appears to involve exposure to mid frequency sonar signal

"Gas and Fat Embolic Syndrome" Involving a Mass Stranding of Beaked Whales (Family Ziphiidae) Exposed to Anthropogenic Sonar Signals-Gas and fat emboli occur in stranded cetaceans exposed to sonar and causes a DCS like lesion that leads to stranding Gross lesions: congestion and hemorrhage of brain and kidneys

Hemangiomatosis Associated with Osteolysis of the Mandible in a Dog Resembling Gorham-Stout Disease in Humans-massive osteolysis of mandible associated with a non-malignant proliferation of vascular channels in young dog

Multicentric Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Two Related Bearded Dragons, Pogona vitticeps

K. Y. Lemberger; A. Manharth; A. P. Pessier Vet Pathol 2005 42: 507-510.

Memo: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors – positive for S100 and neuron-specific enolase 

Fatal Placental Subinvolution in a Captive Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris, Order Rodentia)

C. Juan-Sallés; L. S. Martínez; M. M. Garner Vet Pathol 2005 42: 513-516.  

August 25, 2005Vet Pathol 2002 39;2

Hepatobiliary Inflammation, Neoplasia, and Argyrophilic Bacteria in a Ferret Colony

A. García; S. E. Erdman; S. Xu; Y. Feng; A. B. Rogers; M. D. Schrenzel; J. C. Murphy; J. G. Fox Vet Pathol 2002 39: 173-179.

Memo: Helicobacter sp. may have a role in the disease development in cholangiohepatitis

and hepatocellular carcinoma in ferrets – further study is necessary to verify this speculation

Aleutian disease virus (parvovirus) infection in ferrets causes hepatitis characterized by bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis

Studies on Pathogenesis Following Single and Double Infection with Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

B. E. Brudeseth; J. Castric; Ø. Evensen Vet Pathol 2002 39: 180-189.

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus are both Novirhabdovirus (Rhabdoviridae family – rabies virus Rhabdoviridae Lyssavirus) in trout. Primary target organs are hematopoietic tissues of kidney and spleen.

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia : edema and hemorrhage of intestinal mucosa; endotheliotropic-vascular damage; hemorrhage of gills, muscle, and abdominal organs; affects older fish.

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis : clinical signs and gross lesions; acute necrosis of the stratum granulosum of the intestinal mucosa is pathognomonic; focal hemorrhage and degeneration of hematopoietic tissue; some pancreatic hemorrhage and necrosis.

  Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitrotyrosine in Listeric Encephalitis: A Cross-species Study in Ruminants

H. Pfister; K. A. Remer; M. Brcic; R. Fatzer; S. Christen; S. Leib; T. W. Jungi Vet Pathol 2002 39: 190-199.

Morphologic and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Neonatal Calves

R. L. Santos; S. Zhang; R. M. Tsolis; A. J. Bäumler; L. G. Adams Vet Pathol 2002 39: 200-215.

Memo: IL-4: a lymphokine that stimulate the proliferation of activated B cells and T cells IL-10: an anti-inflammatory cytokine, capable of inhibiting synthesis of pro-

inflammatory cytokines like INFγ, IL-2, IL-3, TNFα and GM-CSF by cells such as macrophages and Th1 cells.

Cats Differ from Mink and Ferrets in Their Response to Commercial Vaccines: A Histologic Comparison of Early Vaccine Reactions

E. Eggers Carroll; R. R. Dubielzig; R. D. Schultz

-cats had more lymphocytes that ferrets and mink-fibroblasts, collagen and macrophages differed among three killed aluminum adjuvant vacc in cats only

Trichinella nativa and T. spiralis Induce Distinguishable Histopathologic and Humoral Responses in the Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

A. Sukura; A. Näreaho; T. Mikkonen; M. Niemi; L. Oivanen Vet Pathol 2002 39: 257-265.

Memo: Raccoon dogs seems to be an important vector and reservoir for Trichinella in

Finland Within a muscle cell, the Trichinella larvae curl up and direct the cells functioning

much as a virus does. The cell is called “nurse cell” The cysts of T. native were more rounded than those of T. spiralis The capsules around the nurse cell of T. native was thicker than those of T.

spiralis

Metastatic Lymphangiosarcoma in a Horse

B. Sanchez; A. Nieto; M. A. Ruiz de Leon; J. Rodríguez; J. Flores Vet Pathol 2002 39: 266-268.

Memo: Lymphagiosarcoma is a rare tumor in domestic animals characterized by the

absence of red blood cells within vascular channels lined by abnormal endothelial cells and the presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate in the stroma

Collagen IV, a major constituent of basement membrane and laminin, a major non-collagenous component of basement membrane – scarce or the absence of these staining would be indicative of a discontinuous basement membrane, lymphatics

September 15, 2005Vet Pathol 2002:39;2 MarchKei K.

Cutaneous Vasoproliferative Lesions in Goats R. J. Bildfell; B. A. Valentine; K. M. Whitney Vet Pathol 2002 39: 273-277.

Note: These cutaneous vascular masses (hemangioma, hemangiosarcoma, and vascular hamartoma) are common tumors (tumor like growth) in uncommon species (goat).

Complex Polysaccharide Inclusions in Skeletal Muscle Adjacent to Sarcomas in Two Dogs

B. A. Valentine; R. J Bildfell; B. J. Cooper; U. Giger; K. A. Fischer Vet Pathol 2002 39: 278-280.

Note: Complex polysaccharide inclusions (inclusions of periodic acid-Schiff positive, amylase resistant material) typically seen in glycogen storage diseases can be seen within skeletal muscle fibers in dogs adjacent to malignant tumors.

Glycogenosis type Ia – glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency in toy breed pups

Glycogenosis type II – α-glucosidase deficiency reported in Lapland dogs

Glycogenosis type III – a deficiency of the debranching enzyme amylo-1, 6-glucosidase reported in German Shepherds and Akitas

Glycogenosis type IV – an inherited (autosomal recessive) deficiency of the glycogen branching enzyme α-1,4-D-glucan: α 1,4 glucan 6-glucosyl transferase reported in Norwegian Forest cat

Glycogenosis type VII – an inherited (autosomal recessive) deficiency of phosphofructokinase reported in young English Spaniels

Angiolipomatous Tumors in Dogs and a Cat A. D. Liggett; K. S. Frazier; E. L. Styer Vet Pathol 2002 39: 286-289.

Memo: LIPOMA (benign tumor of well-differentiated adipose tissue), 3 types of tumors

in the Meuten as following:

Lipomas Fibrolipomas – contain bands of collagenous connective tissue

Angiofibrolipomas – mentioned in this article, contain vascular tissue and bands of collagenous connective tissue

Angiolipomas – contain cluster of small blood vessels A main differential of an infiltrative angiolipomas is intramuscular hemangiomas Fibrin thrombi can be seen in angiofibrolipomas, angiolipomas, and intramuscular

hemangioma

Acute and Chronic Gas Bubble Lesions in Cetaceans Stranded in the United Kingdom

P. D. Jepson; R. Deaville; I. A. P. Patterson; A. M. Pocknell; H. M. Ross; J. R. Baker; F. E. Howie; R. J. Reid; A. Colloff; A. A. Cunningham Vet Pathol 2005 42: 291-305.

Memo: The etiology and pathogenesis of gas bubble lesions in abdominal viscera in cetaceans are unknown. Decompression of nitrogen might be playing a role.

Unilateral Limb Enlargement in a Dog with a Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

A. Brower; S. Salamat; J. Crawford; P. Manley Vet Pathol 2005 42: 353-356.

Lipid-rich Carcinoma of the Mammary Gland in a Cat D.A. Kamstock; R. Fredrickson; E. J. Ehrhart Vet Pathol 2005 42: 360-362.

Memo: Lipid-rich carcinomas of the canine and feline mammary gland are extremely uncommon. 

KIT-positive Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a 22-year-old Male Chimpanzee (Pan troglodites)

G. A. Saturday; J. Lasota; D. Frost; K. B. Brasky; G. Hubbard; M. Miettinen Vet Pathol 2005 42: 362-365.

Memo: KIT (a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligand is stem cell factor) and PDGFRA

(platelet derived growth factor receptor α) are members of type III tyrosine kinase receptor family and great majority of HUMAN gastrointestinal stromal tumors carry

specific KIT or PDGFRA mutations.

Low-grade Glial Tumor with Features of Astroblastoma in a Dog J. R. Cowart; F. Y. Schulman; H. Mena Vet Pathol 2005 42: 366-369.

Astroblastoma?? Learn astrocytoma first! Gemistocytic astrocytoma: diffusely infiltrative large cells w/ abundant

eosinophilic cytoplasm and a marginally located hyperchromatic nuclei Fibrillary astrocytoma: stellate cells w/ abundant cytoplasm containing

prominent neuroglial fibrils (most common form) Glioblastoma multiforme (high-grade astrocytoma): necrosis and/or glomeruloid

vascular proliferation

Pathology of Bartonella Endocarditis in Six Dogs P. A. Pesavento; B. B. Chomel; R. W. Kasten; K. A. McDonald; F. C. Mohr Vet Pathol 2005 42: 370-373.

 

July 20, 2005Vet Pathol 42 May Kei K.

Bovine Papillomavirus Type-2 (BPV-2) Infection and Expression of Uroplakin IIIb, a Novel Urothelial Cell Marker, in Urinary Bladder Tumors of Cows

S. Roperto; V. Ambrosio; G. Borzacchiello; P. Galati; O. Paciello; V. Russo; F. Roperto Vet Pathol 2005 42: 812-81

Uroplakins are integral membrane proteins on the surface of uinary epithelium as part of “urothelial plaque” UPIIb is highly sensitive marker for bovine urothelial tumors but does not correlate with biologic behavior

BPV-2 was detected in all tumors

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Salivary Gland in Two Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

J. S. Munday; L. J. Richey; C. A. Brown; N. A. Rodriguez; M. Kiupel Vet Pathol 2005 42: 819-823.

Incidence of Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy: Necropsy Study of 225 Horses B. A. Valentine; B. J. Cooper Vet Pathol 2005 42: 823-827

October 13, 2005 Vet Pathol 2005;42:5Kei K.

Renal Myxozoanosis in Crowned River Turtles Hardella thurjii: Description of the Putative Agent Myxidium hardella n. sp. by Histopathology, Electron Microscopy, and DNA Sequencing

M. M. Garner; J. L. Bartholomew; C. M. Whipps; R. W. Nordhausen; P. Raiti Vet Pathol 2005 42: 589-595.

Renal myxozoanosis characterized by intratubular myxozoan spores, tubular necrosis, exofoliation of necrotic cells, protein casts and mineralized debris in the tubular lumina

Other important myxozoanosis: Proliferative kidney disease in salmon – Tetracapsuloides

bryosalmonae Whirling disease in salmon and trout – Myxobolus cerebralis, cause

skeletal deformation and neurological damage (characterized 3 tails myxozoa)

Characterization of Feline Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Variable Region Genes for the Molecular Diagnosis of B-cell Neoplasia

J. A. Werner; J. C. Woo; W. Vernau; P. S. Graham; R. A. Grahn; L. A. Lyons; P. F. Moore Vet Pathol 2005 42: 596-607.

Note: Very technical paper regarding heteroduplex (native and denatured cDNA) PCR analysis for feline B-cell lymphoma 

Mutations of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted from Chromosome 10 in Canine Hemangiosarcoma

E. B. Dickerson; R. Thomas; S. P. Fosmire; A. R. Lamerato-Kozicki; S. R. Bianco; J. W. Wojcieszyn; M. Breen; S. C. Helfand; J. F. Modiano Vet Pathol 2005 42: 618-632.

Did you remember?CD31 (PECAM; platelet endothelial adhesion molecule) is a homophilic adhesion molecule, expressed both on endothelium and leukocytes. CD31 is expressed constitutively on the surface of adult and embryonic endothelial cells and is weakly expressed on many peripheral leukocytes and platelets. CD31 is involved in the transendothelial emigration of neutrophils (leukocytes migration through endothelium). Did you know what “anoikis” is?Anoikis is defined as apoptosis that is induced by inadequate or inappropriate cell-matrix interactions.

Summary:The study showed that mutation (somatic point mutation or deletions) of the C-terminal domain of PTEN (chromosome 10) occurred frequently in canine hemangiosarcoma.

PTEN inhibits cell proliferation and activates apoptosis tumor-suppressive activity

October 27, 2005Vet Pathol 2005;5 September

Expression of Connexins 26 and 43 in Canine Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Mammary Glands

L. N. Torres; J. M. Matera; C. H. Vasconcellos; J. L. Avanzo; F. J. Hernandez-Blazquez; M. L. Z. Dagli Vet Pathol 2005 42: 633-641.

Gap junctions are the only communicating junctions found in animal tissues, which are responsible for the direct traffic of molecules with M.W. < 1,000 to 2,000 dalton.

Gap junctions are composed of connexins, connexin 26 and connexin 43. It is known that there is reduction in gap junction intercellular communication in

malignant tumors. This study showed that “generally” malignant canine mammary tumors expressed

a less intense Cx 26, Cx 43, and E-cadherin while high cell proliferation rates (PCNA) as determined by immunohistochemistry.

Hypertensive Encephalopathy in Cats with Reduced Renal Function C. A. Brown; J. S. Munday; S. Mathur; S. A. Brown Vet Pathol 2005 42: 642-649.

Systemic hypertension is often seen in cats (and humans) with renal failure and following renal transplantation

Vessel over distension due to (acute) high pressure > breakdown of the blood-brain barrier with opening of the endothelial junctions > leakage of plasma protein into the extracellular space (vasogenic edema)

Common pathologic findings: diffuse brain edema, cerebral arteriolosclerosis (mainly affect arterioles), and parenchymal microhemorrhages

Genital Lesions Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis and Shedding of Leishmania sp. in the Semen of Naturally Infected Dogs

S. A. Diniz; M. S. Melo; A. M. Borges; R. Bueno; B. P. Reis; W. L. Tafuri; E. F. Nascimento; R. L. Santos Vet Pathol 2005 42: 650-658.

Genital lesions (epididimitis, balanoposthitis), shedding Leishmania sp. in the semen are frequently associated with visceral leishmaniasis.

Venereal transmission in dogs has not been confirmed. No amastigotes were observed in the lumen of seminiferous tubes and

epididymal ducts in this study

Renal Myxozoanosis in Crowned River Turtles Hardella thurjii: Description of the Putative Agent Myxidium hardella n. sp. by Histopathology, Electron Microscopy, and DNA SequencingMyxozoa=metazoan organisms that are usually parasites of fishHas been found also in waterfowl, mole and north American turtleChronic renal failure in these turtles-in tubules

Characterization of Feline Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Variable Region Genes for the Molecular Diagnosis of B-cell Neoplasia Complemnetarity determining region (CDR3) of the ICH V gene of B cells has high degree of variability dur to diversity of sdequence and length of CDR3. PCR on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue can help in dx monoclonal population which is senn with neoplasiaRepeat PCR analysis to prevent false positive due to pseudoclonalityBlah blah blah

Mutations of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted from Chromosome 10 in Canine Hemangiosarcoma PTEN=phophatase and tensin homolog inhibits cell proliferation and activates cell suicide programTumor suppressive activity is due to lipid phosphatase activityPoint mutations in C terminal end of PTEN may occur in canine hemangiosarcomas

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Progressive proliferative & dysplastic typhlocolitis in aging Syrian hamsters naturally infected with Helicobacter spp.: a spontaneous model of inflammatory bowel disease. pp2-14. Jan 2006 AR. Hamsters and Helicobacter spp. infection: large bowel hyperplasia, and dysplasia in ileocecocolic junction/ Tumors : malignant fibrous histiocytoma & round cell sarcoma./ Hamsters and enteric disease: Clostridium difficile overgrowth: typically causes necrotizing fatal typhlocolitis; linked to proliferative typhlocolitis in adults/ Lawsonia intracellularis: proliferative enteritis / Giardia: enterotyphlocolitis in aging hamsters/ Campylobacter jejuni: reservoirs::: Round cell tumor such as gastric lymphomas have been associated with: H. pylori in humans, H. mustelae in ferrets, H. felis in mice.

Gonadectomy-induced adrenocortical neoplasia in the domestic ferret & laboratory mouse. pp97-117. March 2006 AR [see AR’s comprehensive summary for further details]• Sex steroid-producing adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas occur frequently in neutered ferrets• Prepubertal gonadectomy elicits similar tumors in certain inbred/genetically engineered strains of mice• Mice & ferrets: neoplastic adrenocortical cells functionally resemble gonadal steroidogenic cells and arise from progenitors in the subcapsular or juxtamedullary region• Chronic in LH that follows ovariectomy/orchiectomy is a prerequisite for neoplastic transformation• Gonadectomy alters the plasma/local concentrations of steroid hormones and other factors that affect adrenocortical tumor development including inhibins, activins, and Mullerian inhibiting substance• GATA-4 immunoreactivity is a hallmark of neoplastic transformation• Synergistic interactions among GATA-4, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), & other transcription factors enhance expression of inhibin- & genes critical for sex steroid production such as CYP450 17-hydroxylase/17,20 lysase & aromatase• Gonadectomy-induced adrenocortical neoplasia observed in ferrets, mice, rats, guinea pigs, & hamsters• Adrenocortical carcinomas are associated with prepubertal gonadectomy of CE mice

The comparative pathology of Clostridium dificile-associated disease. REVIEW. pp225-40. May 2006 AR• C. difficile: Most species cecum & colon; Foals & rabbits jejunum• Most common in Syrian hamsters, horses, neonatal pigs; Sporadic in other species• Virulence factors (exotoxins): toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB)• Receptor-mediated endocytosis of toxins (Cell surface receptor identified for TcdA, but not TcdB) endosomal acidification conversion of toxin to active form in cytosol disrupt Rho-subtype intracellular signaling molecules disrupt actin cytoskeleton catastrophic for cellular function (inflammation & neurogenic stimuli also involved)

Characterization of the cDNA encoding αIIb & β3 in normal horses & 2 horses w/Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT). pp78-82. Jan 2006- GT = Inherited, intrinsic platelet defect characterized by quantitative or qualitative change in platelet glycoprotein complex IIb-IIIa (integrin αIIbβ3)- subunits encoded by separate genes, & both must be expressed to get stable complex; so defect in either gene = GT- these 2 horses had nml coag tests, normal platelet numbers, nml vWF Ag levels; marked impairment of clot retraction & plt aggregation responses- cDNA: single guanine -> cytosine base change (proline replaces arginine); 1 horse hetero, 1 horse homozygous

Systemic granulomatous disease & sialometaplasia in a dog w/Bartonella infection. pp391-92. May 2006 JTP- Bartonella spp: Gm neg, intracellular bacterial rods; transmitted thru fleas & ticks; can be found in healthy animals (act as carriers)- B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii & B. clarridgeiae are species most often isolated from dogs; cause of uveitis, endocarditis, rhinitis, granulomatous dz in liver, LN, heart, spleen- Sialometaplasia: rare dz, unknown cause, dog & cat; in dog, usu. hits 1 submandibular salivary gland (SMG), induces infarction/necrosis, inflammation, squamous metaplasia of glandular epithelium & ducts- Systemic granulomatous dz; sialometaplasia of both SMG; Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii & B. henselae DNA amplified - Bartonellae should be considered potential causes of sialometaplasia.

K9 intraneural perineuroma. pp50-54. Jan 2006 AR• Histo: distended hypercellular fascicles; widely separated axons surrounded by concentric lamellations formed by neoplastic perineural cells and their processes; pseudo-onion bulbs separated by basophilic myxoid stroma• Immuno: cell processes laminin +; central axons NF-200 & S-100 +; MIB-1 index ~3%• EM: widely separated interdigitating perineurioma cell processes connected by desmosomal-like junctional complexes

to form continuous circles; discontinuous basal lamina; axon variably myelinated & surrounded by Schwann cell

The histologic & epidemiologic basis for prognostic considerations in K9 melanocytic neoplasia. pp136-49. March 2006 MT- Mitotic index (MI), nuclear atypia, tumor score, presence of metastasis or recurrence helpful to predict outcome- Oral cavity highest mortality rate & worst survival time (gingival, tongue, palate, pharynx), then feet/mucosa of lip; cutaneous least- deep inflammation, increasing size/volume, intralesional necrosis varied but significant- for feet & lip mucosa, increasing age & jxnal activity significant; increasing age significant for cutaneous- Nuclear atypia gave best overall results for all 3 locations (plus MI for feet/lips)

- Epithelioid most common type in all 3 sites, followed by mixed (epithelioid + spindle); spindle uncommon (<10%), dendritic & signet ring very rare- Malignancy consistently overstated by ~30%

K9 indolent nodular lymphoma. pp241-56. May 2006 AR• B-cell lymphomas (CD79a+) predominated• Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL): Largest group; Involved lymph node (33 cases); spleen (13 cases); both lymph node and spleen (5 cases)• Follicular lymphoma (FL): Lymph nodes (5 cases)• Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL): Solitary splenic masses (3 cases)• Nodal CD3+ T-zone lymphoma (TZL) (10 cases): Resembled late-stage MZL• Marginal zone hyperplasia (2 cases) • Clonal rearrangement of Ig heavy chain (IGH) in 80% MZL, 100% FL, & 100% MCL• Concurrent rearrangement of T-cell Ag receptor gamma (TCRG) in 6 MZL & 2 FL• Clonal rearrangement of TCRG in 63% TZL• B cell lymphomas (MZL, MCL, & FL) and the T-cell lymphoma (TZL) were associated with indolent behavior and long term survival

T-cell lymphoma w/eosinophilic infiltration involving the intestinal tract in 11 dogs. pp339-44. May 2006 NW- Canine T-cell lymphomas characterized by small to large cell types and eosinophil

infiltration developed in small intestine- Epitheliotropism is not a consistent feature of T cell lymphoma.- Be aware of T-cell lymphoma as a differential diagnosis for intestinal round cell

tumors with eosinophilic infiltrate !!! - T-cell lymphomas can be very similar to mast cell tumors of gastrointestinal origin,

so do IHC for mast cell markers (e.g. mast cell tryptase and c-kit) and lymphocyte markers (e.g. CD3 and CD79) for definitive diagnosis.

- EM features indicating the neoplastic cells are not mast cells:o Tumor cells have smooth cell membranes, and cytoplasmic processes are

not conspicuous. Ribosomal rosettes, small rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes were present, but there were no granules in the cytoplasm.

Intestinal choristoma in the subcutis of a dog. pp356-57. May 2006 JTP- choristoma = mass of normal tissue in an abnormal location- SQ mass, circumscribed, unencapsulated, cystic, w/bilayer wall- inner layer like intestinal mucosa: tall columnar lining epithelium, crypt-like glands w/scattered synaptophysin +

neuroendocrine cells, supporting lamina propria-like fibrovascular tissue containing lymphocytes & plasma cells- outer layer 1-2mm thick, w/intersecting & blending bundles of smooth muscle & collagen (fibromuscular layer)- 1st report of this in any nonhuman animal

- hamartoma = benign tumor-like nodule of overgrowth of mature cells & tissues normally found in the affected

part, but often with 1 element predominating

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with sebaceous differentiation in the mandibular salivary gland of a dog. pp374-77. May 2006 JTP- ex pleomorphic adenoma = carcinoma arising in a mixed tumor - CASE described: Salivary gland tumor with sebaceous differentiation

K9 cardiac mesothelioma with granular cell morphology. pp384-87. May 2006 AR• 10 y Golden retr. w/pericardial/abdominal effus: Cardiac mesothelioma w/granular cell features• Immuno: Pancytokeratin +, Vimentin +, S-100 neg• Histo: Fibrovascular papillary projections supporting globoid cells which extended from atrial and aortic root samples; Clusters of cells with subepicardial connective tissue; Abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm; More compact peripherally; Mitoses rare• EM: Abundant lysosomes with variably electron-dense content; peripherally displaced nuclei; rare cytoplasmic organelles; abundant intercellular junctions (some desmosomes); numerous long tortuous surface microvilli without rootlets or glycocalyx

Oligodendroglial dysplasia in 2 bullmastiff dogs. pp29-35. Jan 2006 COVER JTP- leukodystrophy: inherited neuro disorders, involve CNS white matter- young-adult Bullmastiffs w/moderate to severe ataxia of all limbs; whole-body tremor; no gross lesions- Numerous, MF pallid eosinophilic plaques (sharply demarcated, small, ovoid to angular areas of myelin pallor) throughout white matter tracts of brainstem & spinal cord; plaques often transversed by axons, often associated w/minimal astrocytosis; LFB (myelin stain) negative- No Gitter cells or spheroids; plaques lacked normal myelin sheaths- EM: focal proliferation of tubule-containing voluminous cytoplasmic glial cell processes (oligodendroglia)

- expanded nodes of Ranvier, which disrupts saltatory conduction along nerve- Findings similar to Charolais ataxia (aka oligodendroglial dysplasia or progressive ataxia)- 1st report of oligodendroglial dysplasia in animals other than Charolais cattle

Oleic acid-associated bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia in beagle dogs. pp183-85. March 2006 AR• accidental intra-airway exposure of dogs w/pure oleic acid bronchiolitis obliterans & bronchopneumonia• necrosis of bronchioles & adjacent alveoli; hemorrhage, inflammation, fibrin exudation• hyperplasia of bronchiolar & alveolar epithelial cells• proliferation of loose fibrovascular connective tissue forming polyps or plugs• polyps in airways: fibroblasts w/loose or myxoid stroma, covered by attenuated

epithelium• polyps/plugs variably effaced bronchioles and adjacent alveoli• changes resembled human bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia (BOOP)

Vaginal Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Dog. Vet Pathol 43:186-188 (2006 Mar)Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma endoscopy, multipapillary mass around urethral opening.

Deciduoid Peritoneal Mesothelioma in a Dog. Vet Pathol 43:198-201 (2006 Mar)1: Deciduoid mesothelioma - coalescent whitish-gray nodules on the serosa5a. TEM; Tumor cell, with regular, oval nucleus (arrows) and few cytoplasmic organelles (arrowheads), and numerous elongated slender microvilli on the cell surface (short arrows and inset). 5b. Mesothelial-type microvilli line an intracytoplasmic lumen. Bar = (a) 1 µm; (b) 1.5 µm; (inset) 0.5 µm.

Feline large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma with secondary leukemia: primary intestinal origin with predominance of a CD3/CD8αα phenotype. pp15-28. Jan 2006 NW- Main point: An intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL), CD3+/CD8 cytotoxic T cell: origin for feline large granular lymphocyte (LGL) - Increased peripheral blood LGL counts - leukemia, neutrophilia- Increased serum liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, BUN, and/or creatinine- Advanced disease w/ death < 84 days (mean 18.8 days) post diagnosis – poor prognosis- Cytology – LGLs: immature > mature > mixed- Sites of neoplastic cell infiltrates: o Small intestine (jejunum>ileum>duodenum) – some are epitheliotropico Mesenteric LN, liver, spleen, kidneys, and/or bone marrow- Phenotype of LGL neoplastic cell:o T cell (CD3+) CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype (most common) o CD103 (11/19 cats) (CD103 = E; E7 = intestinal leukointegrin)

Giant cell osteosarcoma (OSA) in the calvarium of a cat. pp179-82. March 2006 MT- Multinucleate giant cells (MGCs) VIM +, TRAP+, CD68, CD51 ; neg for S-100, CK (suggests ocl origin);- MGCs also MHC-II neg (suggests obl origin)- ambiguous identity

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type-I-like syndrome in 2 cats. pp345-52. May 2006 AR 2 DSH cats: symmetric alopecia, insulin resistant DM, pit-dep. hyperadrenocorticism Skin: Atrophic dermatosis assoc w/hyperadrenocorticism; 1 also had paraneoplastic

alopecia assoc w/pancreatic adenocarcinoma Both cats: Multiple invasive pancreatic β-cell carcinomas, pituitary corticotroph

adenomas, thyroid C-cell & parathyroid chief cell hyperplasia; Pancreatic exocrine adenocarcinoma

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN): MEN-1: Various combos of parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreatic endocrine tumors

o Also assoc with carcinoids, thyroid neoplasms, C-cell hyperplasia, adrenocortical hyperplasia/adenoma, mesenchymal tumors

o Autosomal dominant with mutation of menin gene MEN-2A: Thyroid medullary carcinoma, pheochromocytoma & parathyroid

hyperplasia MEN-2B: Familial thyroid adenocarcinoma syndrome MEN-like syndromes in dogs, horses, bulls, ferrets, mice

Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Chronic Gastritis in Two Related Persian Cats. Vet Pathol 43:358-362 (2006 May)- Intralesional adult Ollulanus tricuspis nematodes and rare surface-associated spiral-shaped bacteria were identified in one cat.- No reports of gastric adenocarcinoma associated with O. tricuspis infection in the cat.- Other helminths: Spirocerca lupi, Schistosoma sp., and Taenia taeniaeformis larvae, are associated - Helicobacter spp. associated with gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, ferrets- Noninfectious chronic inflammatory lesions affecting the cat have a propensity for malignant transformation: vaccine-associated sarcoma and trauma-induced uveal sarcoma

Multicentric physeal dysplasia in 2 cats. pp388-90. May 2006 NW- 2 cats with feline physeal dysplasia and slipped capital femoral epiphysis - The retention of an open physis and the disorganization of the chondrocytes is a

widespread, multicentric lesion (proximal and distal femurs and humerus) that precedes atraumatic separation

- Physeal dysplasia in cats is a widespread multicentric disorder of chondrocytes that precedes the development of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

- A condition of young, predominantly male, frequently overweight cats

Equine2 cases of equine abortion caused by Rhodococcus equi. pp208-11. March 2006 JTP- ubiquitous soil bacterium; infects horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, llamas, cats, humans- usu. foal (2-6 months old) lesions: pyogranulomatous pneumonia, lymphadenitis, polyarthritis, ulcerative enteritis- Abortions at 7 & 8 months of gestation; cultured from aborted equine fetuses before, but rare cause (JVDI 2002)- FETUS: diffuse pyogranulomatous pneumonia w/numerous Gm+ coccobacilli w/in cytoplasm of macs, MNGC (Langhans), less commonly neutrophils; similar lesions to those observed in foals- enhanced EMH w/megakaryocytosis in liver & spleen- isolated from lung, liver, spleen, & stomach contents- VapA antigen = virulence factor of R. equi; present in virulent strains

Severe pulmonary disease due to multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED) in a horse. pp189-93. March 2006 JTP

- MEED usu. in young horses; eosinophilic & L-P infiltrates w/formation of eosinophilic granulomas in multiple organs (pancreas, salivary glands, GIT, biliary & bronchiolar epithelium, skin); poor prognosis- skin lesions (& wgt loss) common: generalized chronic progressive exfoliative dermatitis; eosinophilic, lymphoplasmacytic; marked acanthosis & hyperkeratosis- this case w/only respiratory signs & wgt loss - lungs poorly collapsed & nodular; pulmonary parenchyma w/innumerable discrete spherical nodules in military pattern - similar nodules scattered in liver & renal LN- histo: fibrosing eosinophilic granulomas, often w/central mineralization; also bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans (bronchiolar lumens filled w/fibrous tissue & inflamm. cells)

Comparison of histopathologic criteria & skeletal muscle fixation techniques for the dx of polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) in horses. pp257-69. May 2006 NW- Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) is most accurately diagnosed in muscle

biopsy specimens on the basis of appearance of amylase-resistant, abnormal polysaccharide, NOT amylase-sensitive glycogen, regardless of fixation technique.

- In general, frozen sections appeared to be better suited for studying myopathies because many histopathologic features of skeletal muscle were obscured by formalin fixation.

Ubiquitin expression in muscle from horses w/polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM). pp270-75. May 2006 JTP- Metabolic myopathy characterized by abnormal aggregates of PAS+, amylase-sensitive glycogen, & PAS+, amylase resistant polysaccharide w/in myofibers; common in many horse breeds- No defect in glycolytic or glycogenolytic pathways – cause of PSSM unknown - Ubiquitin: highly conserved ptn – covalently binds to other proteins to mark them for degradation as part of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway- Ubiquitin expression in all but 1 PSSM-affected horse; was not detected in non-PSSM-affected horses- Glycogen aggregates develop & are ubiquitinated prior to development of amylase-resistant inclusions- Ubiquitin immunostaining no more sensitive than PAS staining for dx of PSSM EXCEPT amylase sensitive glycogen aggregates. (Ubiqutination occurs before amylase resistance develops. Ubiqutin picks up amylase resistant glycogen better, vice versa for PAS).

Serial transverse sections of skeletal muscle; horse with polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSSM):Subsarcolemmal (arrowheads) and multiple intracytoplasmic (arrows) aggregates of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive and amylase-sensitive glycogen, all of which express ubiquitin

Large Animal/Bovine

1st & 2nd cattle passage of transmissible mink encephalopathy by intracerebral inoculation pp118-26. March 2006 NW- Intracerebrally inoculated cattle amplify transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME)

PrP res and develop clinical CNS signs and extensive lesions of spongiform encephalopathy.

- Cattle inoculated with other TSE agents (scrapie and CWD) do NOT develop clinical CNS signs or SE lesions.

- The current diagnostic techniques for BSE detect TME in cattle, but it is a diagnostic challenge to differentiate TME in cattle from BSE by clinical signs, neuropathology, or the presence of PrPres by IHC and Western Blots.

- Scrapie PrPSc causes lesions comparable to TME in mink- The severity of spongiform change in cattle infected with TME-derived prion protein

ranks as follows:Midbrain (superior colliculus) > brain stem (obex) > cerebellum > hippocampus

Mucosal immune response in cattle with subclinical Johne’s disease. pp127-35. March 2006 JTP. good paper- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, chronic granulomatous enteritis of wild & domestic ruminants

- endocytosed by M cells of ileal Peyer’s patches, then phagocytosed by macs- lepromatous lesions worse than tuberculoid, w/worse lymphoid response & more intralesional organisms, less production of IFN-γ & IL-2- during long subclinical period, organism persists in intestine despite systemic cellular (Th1-type) & humoral immune responses; systemic spread occurs as CMI wanes- infected cows w/increased % of T cells, but mostly memory (CD2+CD62L-) & regulatory (CD4+CD25+) T cells also decreased % of T cells w/activated phenotype, decrease in cells expressing MHC class II - suggests generalized T & B cell hyporesponsiveness) - so state of tolerance may exist in intestine of cows subclinically infected w/M. a. paratb- Proliferation of regulatory T cells than nonspecifically suppress mucosal immune responsiveness- Ileal response biased toward hyporesponsive memory & regulatory T-cell phenotype; attenuated response

Morphological & IHC features of Cryptosporidium andersoni in cattle. March 2006 NW- Prominent mucosal hyperplasia of abomasum in cattle infected with C. andersoni - Five cattle (3-6y) with no clinical signs- C. andersoni (round in shape, 6–8 m) in abomasums - freely located in the gastric

pits, being attached in occasional cases to the surface of the abomasums epithelium- Lamina propria of the affected mucosa:

- Infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils- Histological and ultrastructural features of C. andersoni organisms and its

mechanisms of attachment to epithelial cells might be similar to other Cryptosporidia

- Mucosal hyperplasia - Only in C. andersoni

Neuroblastoma with neuronal differentiation in the spinal cord in an Aberdeen Angus heifer calf. pp193-97. March

2006 MT- WHO: neuroblastoma = embryonal neuroepithelial neoplasm w/limited neuronal differentiation; most common in

young cattle & dogs, usu. adrenal gland- part of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) family; originate from multipotential stem cell, medulloblastoma most

common in animals (mostly young cattle & puppies)- histo: 1) undiff’d primitive polygonal to round cells (neuroectoderm)

2) areas w/myelinated axons & cells w/neuronal differentiation- classic IHC: + for VIM, synaptophysin, NSE, S-100; neg for NF & GFAP - Which marker is expressed in neuroepithelial progenitor cells and lost with further

differentiation: Nestin

Large Animal/Small RuminantIHC evaluation of inflammatory infiltrate in the skin & lung of lambs naturally infected w/sheeppox virus. pp67-75. Jan 2006 NW (Turkey)- Response to sheeppox virus (SPV) may be complex and involve mainly CD4+, CD8+ and + Tcells, IgM+ B cells,

and CD 21+ monocytes/ macrophages- Cell-mediated immune response is predominant- Vasculitis – Arthus reaction secondary to antibody-antigen complexes (IgM)

- SPV caused a down-regulation of MHC I and II express in both skin and lung - Sheep pox cells (SPCs), which contain viral antigen:

- Monocyte and macrophages (CD14+ and CD172A+)- Degenerative epithelial cells or fibroblasts (CD14- and CD172A-)

SwineExpression of Mx protein & interferon-α (IFN-α) in pigs experimentally infected with swine influenza virus. pp161-67. March 2006 NW- Mx protein and IFN- antigen were expressed in the lung from pigs experimentally

infected with swine influenza virus- Simultaneous detection of viral RNA, Mx protein, and IFN- in the bronchial and

bronchiolar epithelial cells and macrophages in lung - Probably, the cells infected virus produce Mx protein and IFN-

- Mx proteins mediate antiviral activity of IFN-- Antiviral activity of IFN-α in swine influenza is mediated by all of the following:

- 2’5’oligoadenylate synthetase, Protein kinase R, Mx1 proteinMx proteins inhibit synthesis of viral protein

Evidence of breed-dependent differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type-2(PCV2)-associated disease & lesions. pp281-93. May 2006 AR Predisposition of Landrace pigs to PCV-2 induced disease and lesions (PMWS)

Low levels of passively acquired antibodies are protective

Pathogenicity of Vietnamese enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in colostrum-deprived 1-day-old piglets. pp150-160, Mar 2006 AR preweaning colibacillosis is major cause of death in Vietnam

o isolates belonging to serotype O8o produced heat stabile and heat labile enterotoxins; did NOT produce any

of the recognized fimbriaeo hemagglutination: unique mannose-resistant hemagglutination activity

with guinea pig, sheep, human, & chicken red blood cells at 37C, but not 18C

o enterocyte brush border attachment - unidentified colonization factor inoculation into colostrum-deprived 1 day old piglets:F- strain: acute watery diarrhea w/in 4 hrs; up to 20% weight loss

attached exclusively to ileumEM demonstrated presence of fimbriae

Conclusion: new pathogenic ETEC fimbrial type in piggeries in Vietnam, with a unique hemagglutination property and attachment characteristics similar to ETEC bearing F5 fimbriae.

Laboratory AnimalExpression of terminal differentiation proteins defines stages of mouse mammary gland development. pp36-49. Jan 2006 MT [tough article]- IHC on paraffin sections used to evaluate ptn expression while preserving architecture; assessed changes in patterns of expression of terminal differentiation markers throughout development of mouse mamm. gland- Expression of SMA & keratin 5 (K5), K8/18, K14 influenced by development stage of mamm. gland- K5 & SMA restricted to basal cells; K14 consistently expressed by basal cells, & in scattered luminal cells from post-conception day (PCD) 13.5 thru puberty- K8/18 of luminal cells heterogenous at all times (suggests this layer has cells w/variety of biological fxns)- K6 not expressed at any stage – so this intermediate filament NOT a marker of mamm. gland stem cell (K6 typically associated w/epidermal proliferation, & is seen in some preneoplastic & neoplastic mouse mamm. lesions)- No expression of K1, K10, K13, K15, filaggrin, involucrin, or loricrin at any stage (last 3 are epidermal differentiation markers in stratum granulosum of nml epidermis; K1 & K10 are suprabasal terminal differentiation ptns)

Renal tubular-cell neoplasms in black-footed ferrets – 38 cases. pp276-80. May 2006 [Beth Williams an author]- Captive adults (repopulation project), 21% prevalence (very hi); this tumor rare in domestic ferret

- Rare mets, usu. incidental postmortem findings, only 8% w/CS prior; prevalence inc’d w/age; most in postreproductive years, so no f/x on captive propagation; no hmnal influence, no familial pattern (undtmned cause)- Multiple tumors common; 18% w/bilateral; tubular cell neoplasia; couldn’t tell benign vs. malignant- Homogenous, firm, white to yellow, w/central necrosis/hemorrhage; densely cellular nests of rudimentary tubular structures, separated by moderate fibrous stroma; common osseous metaplasia (trabeculae)

Fatal poxvirus outbreak in a colony of New World monkeys (NWM). pp212-18. March 2006 MT- Pox virus uncommon in NHP- Marmosets & tamarins w/epizootic; erosive-ulcerative lesions of oral mucous membranes, hemorrhagic lesions on skin

all over, but MAINLY face, scrotum, soles, palms; papules & vesicles; necrotizing lymphadenitis- ICIB in epithelial cells; no ICIB in mucosal lesions; Guarnieri bodies = large ICIB in epithelia, caused by infection with vaccinia or variola (smallpox)- sequenced orthopox virus, probably cowpox (vaccinia) virus; EM – ovoid to brick-shaped, w/pale central core

Avian/Exotic/Wildlife [know for histo/gross even if not VP section]Pathogenesis of Newcastle disease (ND) in commercial & specific pathogen-free (SPF) turkeys experimentally infected with isolates of different virulence. pp168-78. March 2006 COVER JTP- NCD < Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Avulavirus)- fusion protein major determinant of virulence; hemagglutinin-neuraminidase also contributes - lentogenic (low virulence): no CS- mesogenic (moderate virulence): depression in some birds; some SPF w/mild myocarditis- velogenic (hi virulence, neurotropic or viscerotropic): severe depression + neuro signs- lesions mostly in lymphoid, intestinal, & CNS tissues- dz in turkeys less severe than in chickens- chicken:

lentogenic = mild or inapparent respiratory infectionmesogenic = low mortality, acute respiratory dz, neuro signs in someNVND = respiratory & neuro signs w/hi mortalityVVND = acute lethal, necrohemorrhagic lesions esp. in GIT

- IHC positive cells: lymphocytes, monocytes, myocytes, air sac epithelium, Dendrites of Purkinje cells and glial cells in the molecular layer of the

cerebellum

Cerebellar hypoplasia associated w/an avian leukosis virus inducing fowl glioma. pp294-301. May 2006 AR Fowl glioma-inducing virus (FGV) (in ALV subgroup A) astrocytoma, perineurioma

Chickens inoculated w/FGV via yolk sac on day 7 incubation cerebellar hypoplasia Apoptotic granular cells were frequently observed in external granular layer and

molecular layer Cell loss induced obstruction of granular cell migration and disarrangement of

Bergmann's fibers in the molecular layerThe 2000 canine distemper epidemic in Caspian seals: pathology & analysis of contributory factors. pp321-38. May 2006 COVER MT- 10K dead seals in Caspian sea in 1 summer, following very mild winter; MF pulmonary consolidation in both lungs- Similar to K9 distemper: broncho-interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic necrosis & lymphoid depletion, ICIB in multiple epithelia- Degeneration/necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium, w/sloughing & vacuolation; infiltrate of neuts & lymphocytes; many bronchiolar ep cells w/ICIB; found Morbillivirus Ag- Only other viral lesion identified was poxvirus-associated dermatitis (in one seal)- Concurrent bacterial dz: Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus phocae, Salmonella dublin, S. choleraesuis, plus other infectious & parasitic orgsWest Nile Flavivirus polioencephalomyelitis in a harbor seal. pp58-61. Jan 2006 JTP- WNV: Flavirus; transmitted by mosquitos; febrile, sometimes fatal illness- progressive neuro dysfunction - gross: hyperemia of brainstem & spinal cord vessels- histo: nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis with glial nodules, spheroids, neuronophagia, ring hemorrhages, a few

neutrophils; mostly grey matter of brainstem & spinal cord; no lesions in other organs- neurons, fibers, glial nodules with multifocal positivity with intracytoplasmic WNV

esp. prominent w/in viable & necrotic neurons of ventral horns- 1st report of WNV in marine mammal; findings similar to WNV infection in horses & alpacas; dead-end hosts

Abnormal prion protein in ectopic lymphoid tissue in a kidney of an asymptomatic white-tailed deer experimentally inoculated w/the agent of chronic wasting disease (CWD). pp367-69. May 2006 AR CWD in deer & elk accum. of abnormal prion protein (PrPres) in nervous & lymphoid

tissue This report: PrPres in ectopic lymphoid follicles in kidney of a white-tailed-deer 10

months after experimental infection with CWD Spongiform lesions in CNS; PrPres in CNS, lymphoid tissue, & lymphoid follicles in

kidney Previous report: PrPres in lymphoid follicles in organs other than CNS & lymphoid

tissues in mice with scrapie PrPres was not observed by IHC in striated muscles (heart, tongue, masseter,

diaphragm) of the experimental deer

Sudden death associated with Clostridium sordellii in captive lions. pp370-74. May 2006 NW- The first report of sudden death associated with Clostridium sordellii in felines- Sudden deaths in a group of adult lions with myositis and cellulitis associated with

acute clostridiosis- Multiple areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in the intestinal outer muscular layer, and

cellulitis with an intense bloody edema in the mesenteric and the pericardial fat tissue; enteritis

Spontaneous Deciduosarcoma in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Pathol 43:377-380 (2006 may)Deciduosarcoma - Hormonally dependent malignancy- Reported only in rabbits in toxicology studies involving estrogens with or without progestins- Induced in female rabbits and in the spleens of castrated male rabbits given estrogenCASE described: - spindloid cells and large epithelioid cells- Giant cells with large, bizarre, hyperchromatic nuclei were common- Positive for vimentin and progesterone and estrogen receptors - Negative for pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), cytokeratin 18, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and CD10 (marker for nondecidualized endometrial stroma)

Intranuclear coccidiosis in tortoises: 9 cases. pp311-20. May 2006 JTP- systemic infection, involving GIT, urogenital, respiratory, lymphoid, endocrine, & skin- intranuclear trophozoites, meronts, merozoites, macrogametocytes, microgametocytes, nonsporulated oocysts seen w/histo or EM- histo: also see intracytoplasmic & extracellular stages- variable degrees of inflammation in all cases- most common coccidia of chelonians: Eimeria spp.

- some species of Eimeria, Isospora, & Cyclospora are caryotropic (have intranuclear stages)- Intranuclear coccidiosis associated with inflammation in all cases, was considered the cause of death in six tortoises, and was a substantial contributing factor to the cause of death in two tortoises

Listeric meningoencephalomyelitis in a cougar: characterization by histopathologic, IHC, & molecular methods. pp381-83. May 2006 JTP- Variably severe meningoencephalomyelitis w/lymphocytes, plasma cells, macs & fewer neutrophils; grey & white

matter; MF rarefaction w/gitter cells & spheroids; perivascular pyogranulomatous inflammation; rare Gm+ rods- Most severe: mid/hindbrain, cerebellar white matter, spinal cord (esp. L1-L2) - Listeria monocytogenes an important food-borne pathogen (esp. in ruminants, cause of encephalitis & uterine

infection/abortion); isolated from brain in this case (in large felids, usu. septicemic form)- Histo lesions pathognomonic: microabscesses the hallmark lesion; inflamm usu. mix of suppurative & nonsuppurative- Organism probably reaches brain thru trigeminal or hypoglossal nerves after invading oral or nasal mucosa (hematogenous spread unlikely)

Massive mortality of common carp in the St. Lawrence River in 2001: diagnostic investigation & experimental induction of lymphocytic encephalitis. pp302-10. May 2006 NW- A definitive single cause of the massive mortality that affected carp in the ST.

Lawrence River in 2001 was not determined.- Exclusively affecting common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) in St. Lawrence River,

Canada, during summer of 2001- Multifocal necrotizing dermatitis, necrotizing branchitis, coelomic inflammatory

effusion, encephalitis, and erosive enteritis - The ultimate causes of mortality: Immunosuppression induced by stressors w/ opportunistic bacterial infection (Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium sp.) and possibly enhanced by an infection causing lymphocytic encephalitis (unknown etiology)

MISCELLANEOUS INFO: Sequences in expression of the markers during muscle development: Vimentin ™¨

desmin ™¨ myoglobin Neoplasms expressing both vimentin and cytokeratin include:

- Synovial sarcoma, Mesothelioma, Melanoma, Chordoma- Sertoli cell tumor, Thyroid tumors, - Renal carcinoma, Highly anaplastic carcinoma

Natural infection of cowpox virus is most common in: Rodents