Vertebrates & Vertebrates & InvertebratesInvertebrates

SC standards: 6-3.1 SC standards: 6-3.1 Compare the characteristic Compare the characteristic structures of invertebrate animals (including sponges, structures of invertebrate animals (including sponges,

segmented worms, echinoderms, mollusks, and segmented worms, echinoderms, mollusks, and arthropods) and vertebrate animals (fish amphibians, arthropods) and vertebrate animals (fish amphibians,

reptiles, birds and mammals)reptiles, birds and mammals)

The Animal KingdomThe Animal KingdomMulti-cellular (has many cells)Multi-cellular (has many cells)Cannot make their own food, they are Cannot make their own food, they are heterotrophs (must get energy by eating heterotrophs (must get energy by eating plants and other animalsplants and other animalsAre either vertebrates or invertebratesAre either vertebrates or invertebrates– VertebratesVertebrates fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds

or mammalsor mammals– InvertebratesInvertebrates sponges, segmented worms, sponges, segmented worms,

echinoderms, mollusks, and arthropodsechinoderms, mollusks, and arthropods

VertebratesVertebratesANIMALS WITH A BACKBONE!ANIMALS WITH A BACKBONE!

Shared characteristics of vertebrates:Shared characteristics of vertebrates:– BackboneBackbone– Protective skin coveringProtective skin covering– Inside skeletonInside skeleton– MusclesMuscles– Blood that circulates through blood vesselsBlood that circulates through blood vessels– Lungs or gills for breathingLungs or gills for breathing

Vertebrates are divided into 5 Vertebrates are divided into 5 groups:groups:

–FishFish

–AmphibiansAmphibians

–ReptilesReptiles

–MammalsMammals

–BirdsBirds

Vertebrate- FishVertebrate- Fish

Have backbonesHave backbones

Cold-blooded Cold-blooded (ectothermic)(ectothermic)

Obtain oxygen in Obtain oxygen in water through gillswater through gills

Most lay eggsMost lay eggs

Have scalesHave scales

Have finsHave fins

Live in waterLive in water

Vertebrate- AmphibiansVertebrate- Amphibians

Have backbonesHave backbonesCold-blooded (ectothermic)Cold-blooded (ectothermic)Can breathe in water withCan breathe in water with

gills early in life and breathe gills early in life and breathe on land with lungs as adultson land with lungs as adults

Lay jelly-like eggsLay jelly-like eggsMajor groups are frogs, Major groups are frogs,

toads, and salamanderstoads, and salamanders

Vertebrate- ReptilesVertebrate- Reptiles

Have backbonesHave backbones

Cold-blooded (ectothermic)Cold-blooded (ectothermic)

Breathe with lungsBreathe with lungs

Most lay eggsMost lay eggs

In some reptiles the eggs hatch inside the In some reptiles the eggs hatch inside the mothermother

Have scales or platesHave scales or plates

Vertebrates- MammalsVertebrates- Mammals

Have backbonesHave backbones

Warm-blooded (endothermic)Warm-blooded (endothermic)

Breathe with lungsBreathe with lungs

Have babies that are born aliveHave babies that are born alive

Have fur or hairHave fur or hair

Produce milk to feed their youngProduce milk to feed their young

Vertebrates- Birds Vertebrates- Birds

Have backbonesHave backbonesAre warm-blooded (endothermic)Are warm-blooded (endothermic)Breathe with lungsBreathe with lungsLay eggsLay eggsHave feathersHave feathersHave a beakHave a beakTwo wingsTwo wingsTwo feetTwo feet

Invertebrates- Invertebrates- ANIMALS WITHOUT A BACKBONE!ANIMALS WITHOUT A BACKBONE!

90% of ALL animals are invertebrates90% of ALL animals are invertebrates

Largest group of invertebrates are the Largest group of invertebrates are the arthropodsarthropods

Invertebrates- SpongesInvertebrates- Sponges

Very simple animals Very simple animals Have many pores (holes) through which water Have many pores (holes) through which water flowsflowsWater moves into a ventral cavity and out Water moves into a ventral cavity and out through a hole in the topthrough a hole in the topSponges obtain their food and eliminate wastes Sponges obtain their food and eliminate wastes through this passage of waterthrough this passage of waterLive in fresh or salt waterLive in fresh or salt water

Invertebrates- Segmented WormsInvertebrates- Segmented Worms

Have long tube-like bodies Have long tube-like bodies that are divided into that are divided into segmentssegments

Simplest organisms with a Simplest organisms with a true nervous systemtrue nervous system

Have a long digestive tube Have a long digestive tube that runs down the length that runs down the length of the worm’s bodyof the worm’s body

Examples: earthworms Examples: earthworms and leechesand leeches

Invertebrates- EchinodermsInvertebrates- EchinodermsSimilar parts Similar parts (arms) that (arms) that extend from the extend from the middle body middle body outwardsoutwardsThey have tube They have tube feet and spinesfeet and spinesExamples: Examples: starfish, brittle starfish, brittle stars, sea stars, sea cucumbers, or cucumbers, or sea urchinssea urchins

Invertebrates- ArthropodsInvertebrates- Arthropods

Have jointed legsHave jointed legsLive on land and in waterLive on land and in waterHave hard outer Have hard outer

coverings called coverings called exoskeletonsexoskeletonsHave segmented bodies Have segmented bodies

and some have wingsand some have wingsExamples: insects, Examples: insects,

spiders, and crustaceansspiders, and crustaceans

Invertebrates- MollusksInvertebrates- Mollusks

Have soft bodiesHave soft bodiesMost have a thick muscular Most have a thick muscular

foot for movement or to open foot for movement or to open and close their shellsand close their shells

Live in salt or fresh water Live in salt or fresh water or on landor on land

Some have shellsSome have shellsExamples: snails, clams Examples: snails, clams

and octopiand octopi