Vertebrates & Invertebrates SC standards: 6-3.1 Compare the characteristic structures of invertebrate animals (including sponges, segmented worms, echinoderms, mollusks, and arthropods) and vertebrate animals (fish amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals)

The Animal KingdomMulti-cellular (has many cells)Cannot make their own food, they are heterotrophs (must get energy by eating plants and other animalsAre either vertebrates or invertebratesVertebrates fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds or mammalsInvertebrates sponges, segmented worms, echinoderms, mollusks, and arthropods

VertebratesANIMALS WITH A BACKBONE!Shared characteristics of vertebrates:BackboneProtective skin coveringInside skeletonMusclesBlood that circulates through blood vesselsLungs or gills for breathing

Vertebrates are divided into 5 groups:FishAmphibiansReptilesMammalsBirds

Vertebrate- FishHave backbonesCold-blooded (ectothermic)Obtain oxygen in water through gillsMost lay eggsHave scalesHave finsLive in water

Vertebrate- AmphibiansHave backbonesCold-blooded (ectothermic)Can breathe in water withgills early in life and breathe on land with lungs as adultsLay jelly-like eggsMajor groups are frogs, toads, and salamanders

Vertebrate- ReptilesHave backbonesCold-blooded (ectothermic)Breathe with lungsMost lay eggsIn some reptiles the eggs hatch inside the motherHave scales or plates

Vertebrates- MammalsHave backbonesWarm-blooded (endothermic)Breathe with lungsHave babies that are born aliveHave fur or hairProduce milk to feed their young

Vertebrates- Birds Have backbonesAre warm-blooded (endothermic)Breathe with lungsLay eggsHave feathersHave a beakTwo wingsTwo feet

Invertebrates- ANIMALS WITHOUT A BACKBONE!90% of ALL animals are invertebratesLargest group of invertebrates are the arthropods

Invertebrates- SpongesVery simple animals Have many pores (holes) through which water flowsWater moves into a ventral cavity and out through a hole in the topSponges obtain their food and eliminate wastes through this passage of waterLive in fresh or salt water

Invertebrates- Segmented WormsHave long tube-like bodies that are divided into segmentsSimplest organisms with a true nervous systemHave a long digestive tube that runs down the length of the worms bodyExamples: earthworms and leeches

Invertebrates- EchinodermsSimilar parts (arms) that extend from the middle body outwardsThey have tube feet and spinesExamples: starfish, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, or sea urchins

Invertebrates- ArthropodsHave jointed legsLive on land and in waterHave hard outer coverings called exoskeletonsHave segmented bodies and some have wingsExamples: insects, spiders, and crustaceans

Invertebrates- MollusksHave soft bodiesMost have a thick muscular foot for movement or to open and close their shellsLive in salt or fresh water or on landSome have shellsExamples: snails, clams and octopi