VertebrateAnimals(withabackbone)ClassofChordatePhylum

ExamplesandPictures Habitat Symmetry

Fish Mackerel,shark

Water Bilateral

Amphibian Frog,toad,salamander

Waterandland Bilateral

Reptile Snake,turtle,lizard

Waterandland Bilateral

Bird Duck,cardinal,ostrich

Waterandland Bilateral

Mammal Dog,whale,kangaroo,human

Waterandland Bilateral

Vertebrates

• Thefivemajorclassesofthechordatephylum(DomainàKingdomàPhylumàClass)ofvertebrateanimalsarefish,birds,mammals,reptiles,andamphibians

• Animalscouldhaveahabitatinwater(aquaticvertebrates),suchassharks,whales,andfish.

Someanimals’habitatisonland(terrestrialvertebrates),suchasanewtorrattlesnake.Somecanliveinbothhabitats.

• Ectothermicmeanstheanimalsarecold-blooded.Anectothermisacold-bloodedanimal.• Threecategoriesorclassesofectothermicvertebratesarefish,reptiles,andamphibians

• Endothermicmeanstheanimalsarewarm-blooded.Anendothermisawarm-bloodedanimal.

• Twoclassesofendothermicvertebratesarebirdsandmammals

• Birdfeathersaremadeofaproteincalledkeratin.Keratinisastrong,structuralproteinfound

inskin,hair,nails,andfeathers

• Thetwomaindifferencesbetweenfrogsandtoadsarethatfrogshavesmoothandmoistskinwhiletoadshavedry,bumpy,orwartyskin.Frogslivemostlyinwaterwhiletoadsliveinmoistlandarea

• Amphibiansundergometamorphosisorchange.Theybeginlifeinthewater(aquaticlife)and

adapttolifeonland(terrestriallife).

• Threethingsallmammalshaveincommonare1)bodyhair2)threemiddleearbones,and3)femalesfeedtheiryoungwithmilk

• Themostsignificantdifferencebetweenamphibiansandotheranimalsisthatamphibianshave

gillsearlyintheirlifetobreatheunderwater,butarelaterreplacedbylungstobreatheonland.Theyusuallyhavemoistskin.

• Nametheeightlevelsofclassification(andtaxonomy)fromgeneraltospecificare:Domain,

Kingdom,Phylum,Class,Order,Family,Genus,SpeciesRadialsymmetryisevennessaroundacentralaxis.Twoexamplesareastarfishandaseacucumber,oratulipflower.Bilateralsymmetryisevennessalongoneline.Twoexamplesareamouseandabird

Science:Chapter2TestStudyGuideGuidegivenOctober4,2017

InvertebrateAnimals(nobackbone)Theeightmajorphyla(DomainàKingdomàPhylum)ofinvertebratesare:

Phylum ExamplesandPictures Habitat Symmetry

ArthropodSegmentedbody,jointedlegs/appendages,andexoskeleton.CrustaceanTheclassofthearthropodphylumthathasanimalswithhardexoskeleton.Examplesofcrabandlobster

Insect,crustacean

Waterandland

Bilateral

MolluskHavesoftbodiesEnclosedinashellHaveantennaeExamplesaresquids,nautilus,octopus,nudibranchGastropodtheclassofone-shelledmollusks

Snail,octopus,squid.

Waterandland

Various,nosymmetry

EchinodermHavespinyskinHaveradialsymmetryHavetubefeetExamplesaresanddollars,seaurchins,seacucumbers

Sanddollar,seastar/starfish

Water Radial

CnidarianHavestingingcells,likeseaanemone.CephalopodsTheclassofthecnidarianphylumthathavetentaclesthatcansting.Haveasoftbody.Haveradialsymmetry.Haveasoftbody.Havecentralcavityandmouth.Exampleisjellyfish.

Jellyfish,seaanemone

Water Radial

PoriferanExampleisvasesponge;Haveporousbody;Haveasymmetricalbody;Bodythatpumpsandfilterswater;Have2layersofcellswithostia,chambers,andcanals

Seasponge

Water Various,nosymmetry

AnnelidHavedistinctbodysegmentsshowingringlikeeternalbands

Earthworm,leech

Waterandland

Bilateral

Platyhelminth Tapeworm,fluke

Waterandland

Bilateral

Nematodehavearoundbody

Hookworm,heartworm

Waterandland

Bilateral

Invertebrates

• Mostoftheanimalsinthisworld(about97%)areclassifiedasinvertebrates

• Thejellyfishhasamedusa-shapedbodyanditisacommoncnidarian.Acnidarianthathasapolyp-shapedbodyistheseaanemone.

• Animalsthathaveradialsymmetrycomefromthephylacnidarianandechinoderm.

• Mostarthropodshaveanexoskeletonontheoutsidethatprotectsthem.Anexoskeletonisa

hardshelloroutercovering.

• Arachnidshaveeightlegsandtwobodysegments.Arachnidsarenotinsects,buttheyarearthropods.Insectshavesixlegsandthreebodysegments.Insectsarenotarachnids.

Beabletomatchthewordwithitsdefinition• Cephalopodistheclasswithtentacles.Itmeans“headfoot”

• Poriferanisthephylumofporousinvertebratesthatfilterwaterfornutrients

• Crustaceanistheclassofanimalswithhardexoskeleton.Examplesofcrabandlobster

• Echinodermisthephylumwithradialsymmetry,tubefeet,andspinyskin

• Molluskisthephylumofanimalswithshells,antennae,andsoftbodies

• Gastropodistheclassofone-shelledmollusks

• Cnidarianisthephylumthathasstingingcellssuchasthejellyfish

Beabletowritefullsentencestothefollowingquestions:

• CompareandContrastatleast2differencesbetweenafrogandtoad.o Exampleanswer:Onedifferencebetweenafrogandtoadisthatfrogs’skinissmoothand

moistwhileatoad’sskinisroughanddry.Theseconddifferenceisthatfrogslayeggsinclusterswhiletoadslayeggsinchainsorrows.

• Whatarethethreethingsthatthefollowinginvertebrateshaveincommon:cephalopods,

poriferan,crustacean,echinoderm,mollusk,gastropod,andcnidarian?o Exampleanswer:Thethreethingsthoseinvertebrateshaveincommonare1)theyareall

animals,2)theyallliveinamarine/aquatic/waterenvironment,and3)theyareallinvertebrates.

• Whatarethe2maindifferencesbetweeninsectsandarachnids?

o Exampleanswer:Twomaindifferencesbetweeninsectsandarachnidsarethatarachnidshaveeightlegswhileinsectshavesixlegs.Arachnidshavetwobodysegmentsandinsectshavethreebodysegments.