VERITATEM VERANATUR“VERIFY” TO PROVE SOMETHING IS

TRUE“VENERATE”RESPECT

TRUTH DOES NOT DEPEND ON:

WHAT YOU KNOWYOUR OPINIONYOUR BELIEF

CREDO IN UNUM DEUMPATER OMNIPOTENTEM

FACTO REM CAELI ET TERRAEET INVISIBILIUM

DO YOU ACTUALLY BELIEVE THAT?

DOES “GOD” EXIST?HOW?WHERE? WHY?

WHY IS THIS THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION HUMANS CAN ASK?

WHAT DOES THE ANSWER TELL US?

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BELIEF AND KNOWLEDGE?

THEOLOGY: WHAT YOU KNOWFAITH: WHAT YOU ACCEPT

FROM WHAT YOU KNOWRELIGION: WHAT YOU DO

CHALLENGES TO “FAITH”1. EVIL

2. NATURE/FREE WILL

“SUMMA THEOLOGICA”(SUMMARY OF THEOLOGY)ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

“QUINQUAE VIAE”( 5 PROOFS)

1. THE PRIME MOVER2. UNCAUSED FIRST CAUSE3. POSSIBILITY/NECESSITY4. GRADATION5. GOVERNANCE OF UNIVERSE

THE PRIME MOVER

The universe is in motion. The earth rotates, atoms move, planets and stars are moving. There had to be something that started it all. Think of a line of dominoes. They are still until something starts to knock them over

UNCAUSED FIRST CAUSE

The universe exists. I exist. Nothing can cause itself to exist because it would have to exist before itself. But because things exist there had to be “something” that always existed that caused all other things to exist.

POSSIBILITY AND NECESSITY

It is possible that some things could not exist, but they do. Because anything exists it must mean that something exists that couldn’t possibly NOT exist. God has to exist for anything to exist.

GRADATION

Everything is relative. I am tall next to an infant but short next to a skyscraper. There has to be something that is “tallest.” Because we know there is goodness in the world, there has to be ultimate goodness.

GOVERNANCE OF THE UNIVERSE

There seem to be universal laws that govern the universe. The universe does not seem to be ultimately chaotic but ordered. If there is order something had to instill it.

“THE TREE COMES TO ME”

Everything in the universe has a nature that tells me what it is.”

Everything in the universe fulfills it’s nature.

I am in the universe. Therefore I should fulfill my nature.

PORPHYREAN TREE

ME

MONKEY

FLOWER

ROCK

Describe the existence of the

rock.Can it be more

“rockish?”

How does the rock exist?

It has mass.

It occupies space.

It exists in time.

It is not alive.

How does the flower exist?

It also occupies, space, has mass, and exists in time.

However what does the flower “have” that the rock doesn’t?

LIFEAnd what does the

mean for the flower?

DEATHEverything that lives

dies.

How does the monkey exist?

Compared to the rock?

Compared to the flower?

What does the monkey have that neither of the other two has?

A MINDThe monkey can make

choices.

How do I exist?

Compared to the rock?Compared to the flower?Compared to the monkey?What do I have that none of the other

three have?

CONSCIOUSNESSI CAN CHOOSE BETWEEN

RIGHT/WRONGI CAN BE MORE OR LESS

HUMAN

I KNOW I EXISTSELF

CONSCIOUS

I cannot completely fulfill my nature while I

am alive

FREUD’S MODEL OF PERSONALITY

SUPER EGO

EGOID

HOW PERSONALITY WORKS

EGO REASONS

SUPER EGO“RIGHT/WRONG”

ID “WANTS”

ID

When we are born we are “all ID”The center of instinct and pleasureEveryone has oneThe “devil” on our shoulder

EGO

The center of reason and rational thought

It develops as we developControls and tames the ID

SUPER EGO

Last component of personality to develop

The center of moral actionMust be rightly formedVery few people “live there”(Jesus, St. Francis etc.)

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

PERSONAL MEANING

VALUES

BELONGING

SAFETY

PHYSIOLOGICAL

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

Food, air, water, shelter

If I control access to these I control you.Nothing is more important than the

lowest need met.

SAFETY NEEDS

There are two types of safety:

Physical safety

Psychological safetyBOTH ARE POWERFUL. THE THREAT OF

“DANGER” IS OFTEN ENOUGH TO COMPEL ASSENT

BELONGING

The need to experience some sort of community is compelling enough to

override our sense of morality.Better to belong and go along than to be

alone.

Social Contract

Understands the needs of the community and the role of the individual in that community.

Personal Values

Good for goodness sake.JesusGandhiSt. Francis

LORD OF THE FLIES

Theme: The defects of a society can be traced to the defects of the individual.

Are we essentially good or evil?Should society free us or control us?

What is the book really about?

Golding was reacting to:WWIIHolocaustAtomic weaponsArms race

Everything and everyone means something

Symbols:The island- EdenConch-orderFire-knowledge/insightLittluns’- the masses

ID- Jack

EGO-Ralph/Piggy (symbiotic relationship)

SUPER EGO- Simon

Questions to ponder?

What is Piggy’s real name?What did he learn in his conversation

with Ralph?Why do they elect Ralph as chief?What is Golding telling us?Why do Ralph and Piggy need each

other?Describe the choir?

Sin of irresponsibility

Two Goals:RescueFoodWho killed the “mulberry boy”?