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Differences in Verbals: Gerunds, Infinitives, and Participles
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6/30/2015 Verbals: Gerunds, Infinitives, and Participles
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Verbals: Gerunds, Infinitives, and Participles
The three verbals— gerunds, infinitives, and participles—are formed from verbs, but arenever used alone as action words in sentences. Instead, verbals function as nouns, adjectives,or adverbs. These verbals are important in phrases.
The gerund ends in ing and functions as a noun.
Jumping is fun.
He liked skiing.
He had a unique way ofwhistling.
The infinitive is the base form of a verb with to.Usually it functions as a noun, although it can alsofunction as an adjective or adverb.
To jump is fun. (noun; subject of theverb is)
I like to ski. (noun; direct object of theverb like)
She had a suggestion to offer. (adjective modifying suggestion)
He called to warn her. (adverb modifying the verb called)
A participle is a verb that ends in ing (present participle) or ed, d, t, en, n(pastparticiple). Participles may function as adjectives, describing or modifying nouns.
The dancing parrots entertained the crowd.
The wrecked sailboat washed up on shore.
But participles have another function. When used with helping verbs such as to beand to have,they are action verbs and form several verb tenses.
She is thinking of the children.
The conference room had been cleaned before they arrived.