Verbal and Nonverbal Comm

7/29/2019 Verbal and Nonverbal Comm

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Verbal and Non Verbal

Communication
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Verbal CommunicationLanguage & Culture:

The Essential Partnership

If we spoke a different language, we wouldperceive a different world (Wittgenstein).

Language is the roadmap of a culture. It tells you

where its people came from and where they aregoing (Brown).


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Serves as a communication exchange

Organizes people into groups according to

age, gender and even socio-income level

Allows individuals to engage in cooperative

activity


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What is language?

Language is a set of shared symbols or

signs that a cooperative groups of people

has mutually agreed to use to create

meaning.


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Language Variations:Accent

Dialect

Argot (a private vocabulary peculiar to a

co-culture)Slang


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Language as it Reflects Cultural Values:

High and Low Power Distance (formal/informal)

Individualism and Collectivism

High and Low Context


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Multicultural Interactions:Speech Rate slow down!

Vocabulary avoid jargon

Monitor nonverbal feedback

Checking (so do you mean?)


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Nonverbal Communication(The Silent Language):

Messages of Action, Space,Time and Silence


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Nonverbal

Communication

Usually responsible for first impressionsDoesnt lie (a clenched jaw shows youre

angry or stammering speech shows that

youre nervous)

Is culture bound


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Nonverbal

Communication

Two General Classifications

1. Those primarily produced by the body

(appearance, movement, facial expression,

eye contact, touch, smell, and paralanguage)

2. Those combined with setting (space, time andsilence)


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Nonverbal

Communication

There is a story about the presidential debate of Nixon and Kennedy in

1960 where people listening via radio awarded the victory to Nixon while

those watching the debate on television awarded the victory to Kennedy.

This was explained by the fact that though President Nixon had very

persuasive words during the debate, he was tense, sweating and seemed

quite uncomfortable. On the other hand, President Kennedy was relaxed

and able to convey a positive and convincing body language during the

debate. Since that incident, researchers have demonstrated that a

message is perceived in 3 different ways:


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Nonverbal

Communication

Body Language (kinesics)

Kinesics are the physical cues that are visibleand send a message about 1) your attitudetoward the other person, 2) your emotional

state, 3) your relationship with the environment

Kinesics includes body posture, body motion,gestures, facial expressions, eye contact.


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Nonverbal

Communication

Eye Contact

In American culture, we reveal whom we like and dislike just by the amountthat we look at them. We generally look most at those whom we like . In

general, people avoid looking at someone they dont like.

As people increase their liking for one another, they increase the amount

of mutual gazing that they do. (Mutual gaze is when two people are looking

into each other's eyes). The most obvious example of this occurs along thecontinuum of relationships. Romantic relationships have the highest

amount of mutual gaze.

What about other cultures?.


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Nonverbal

Communication

Sense of Touch (haptics)

Who can touch whom, where, when and how


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Nonverbal

Communication

Physical Appearance:

Body artifacts (clothing, piercings, tattoos) and

attractiveness


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Nonverbal

Communication

Environmental Factors

Elements of setting that affect how we feel

and act (color, temperature, lighting, room

design)


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Nonverbal

Communication

Space and Distance (proxemics)

Personal space (intimate, personal, socialand public

Seating

Furniture arranging


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Nonverbal

Communication

Time (chronemics)

Informal time (how late is late?)

Perceptions of past, present and future

Monochronic (fixed) and polychronic (holistictime) (Edward T. Hall)


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Nonverbal

Communication

Paralanguage:

Paralanguage are the sounds that dont have written

form that modify meaning or convey emotion.

Includes: rate, sounds, murmurs, gasps, volume,

pitch, inflection, laughing, high speed


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Nonverbal

Communication

Silence : East vs. West

What is real is, and when it is spoken it

becomes unreal. (Buddhism)The squeaky wheel gets the grease.

(American saying)


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Nonverbal

Communication

Artifacts

Elements of the environment that

communicate by virtue of peoples use of

them.

Documents

Verbal and Nonverbal Comm