Ventricular septal defects

Doubly committed subarterial defect

Muscular defect

Perimembranous defect

Diagram of the ventricular septum seen from right ventricular aspect, showing the positions of various types of ventricular septal defects.

RA

RV

PA

Fig 12

Small perimembranous VSD

• Echocardiogram demonstrating shunting through a perimembranous ventricular septal defect. Parasternal long-axis view with the transducer tilted toward the right ventricular inflow.

LV

LA

RV

Fig 13

Large perimembranous VSD with PH

LV

RV

LA

RA

MPA

AO

Apical four chamber view demonstrating a large perimembranous inlet ventricular septal defect

Parasternal short axis view from same patient showing significantly dilated main pulmonary artery, indicating the presence of pulmonary hypertension

Fig 14

Muscular VSD

LV

AO

RV

Apical five chamber view demonstrating a small muscular outlet ventricular septal defect (arrow)

Fig 15

Doubly committed VSD

PA

Ao

LA

RV

RA

LA

Modified Parasternal short axis view demonstrating the presence of doubly committed subarterial ventricular defect (arrow). Note there is no septal tissue between aortic and pulmonary valve.

vsd

Fig 16

Residual VSD

Parasternal long-axis view showing a residual VSD. The echogenic patch on the septum suggests a previous repair.

LV

LA

AO

RV

Fig 17