3212014 Velocity of Sound in Various Media - RF Cafe

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Velocity of Sound in Various Media

The speed of sound in air is around 768 mihr (1125 ftsec343msec) or about 5 seconds per mile or 3 seconds perkilometer That is the reason for the rule of thumb where whenyou see a flash of lightning count the number of seconds until youhear the thunder clap then divide by five That gives you theapproximate distance (in miles) away of the lightning Divide bythree for kilometers

The speed of sound in any medium is dependent upon thecoefficient of stiffness (modulus of bulk elasticity for gas mediums)Density andor compressibility alone does not determine thespeed of sound

Vl = Velocity of plane longitudinal wave in bulk material

Vs = Velocity of plane transverse (shear) wave

Vext = Velocity of longitudinal wave (extensional wave) in thin

rods

Solids

SubstanceDensity

(gcm3)

Vl

(ms)

Vs

(ms)

Vext

(ms)

Metals

Aluminum rolled 27 6420 3040 5000

Berylium 187 12890 8880 12870

Brass (70 Cu 30 Zn) 86 4700 2110 3480

Copper annealed 893 4760 2325 3810

Copper rolled 893 5010 2270 3750

Gold hard-drawn 197 3240 1200 2030

Iron Armco 785 5960 3240 5200

Lead annealed 114 2160 700 1190

Lead rolled 114 1960 690 1210

Molybdenum 101 6250 3350 5400

Monel metal 890 5350 2720 4400

Nickel (unmagnetized) 885 5480 2990 4800

Nickel 89 6040 3000 4900

Platinum 214 3260 1730 2800

Silver 104 3650 1610 2680

Steel mild 785 5960 3235 5200

Steel 347 Stainless 79 5790 3100 5000

Tin rolled 73 3320 1670 2730

Titaninum 45 6070 3125 5080

Tungsten annealed 193 5220 2890 4620

Tungsten Carbide 138 6655 3980 6220

Zinc rolled 71 4210 2440 3850

Various

Fused silica 22 5968 3764 5760

Glass pyrex 232 5640 3280 5170

Glass heavy silicate flint 388 3980 2380 3720

Lucite 118 2680 1100 1840

Nylon 6-6 111 2620 1070 1800

Polyethylene 090 1950 540 920

Polystyrene 106 2350 1120 2240

Rubber butyl 107 1830

Rubber gum 095 1550

Rubber neoprene 133 1600

Brick 18 3650

Clay rock 22 3480

Cork 025 500

Marble 26 3810

Paraffin 09 1300

Tallow 390

Woods

Ash along the fiber 4670

Beech along the fiber 3340

Elm along the fiber 4120

Maple along the fiber 4110

Oak along the fiber 3850

Human Body Tissues

Soft Tissue

Liquids

Substance FormulaDensity

(gcm3)

Velocity at 25degC

(ms)

-δvδt

(msec degC)

Acetone C3H60 079 1174 45

Benzene C6H6 0870 1295 465

Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 1595 926 27

Castor oil C11H10O10 0969 1477 36

Chloroform CHCl3 149 987 34

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Chloroform CHCl3 149 987 34

Ethanol amide C2H7NO 1018 1724 34

Ethyl ether C4H10O 0713 985 487

Ethylene glycol C2H6O2 1113 1658 21

Glycerol C3H8O3 126 1904 22

Kerosene 081 1324 36

Mercury Hg 135 1450

Methanol CH4O 0791 1103 32

Turpentine 088 1255

Water (distilled) H2O 0998 14967 -24

Gases and Vapors

Substance FormulaDensity

(gl)

Velocity

(ms)

δvδt

(msec degC)

Gases

Air dry 1293 33145 059

Ammonia NH3 0771 415

Argon Ar 1783 319 (at 20degC) 056

Carbon monoxide CO 125 338 06

Carbon dioxide CO2 1977 259 04

Chlorine CL2 3214 206

Deuterium D2 890 16

Ethane (10degC) C2H6 1356 308

Ethylene C2H4 1260 317

Helium He 0178 965 08

Hydrogen H2 00899 1284 22

Hydrogen chloride HCl 1639 296

Methane CH4 07168 430

Neon Ne 0900 435 08

Nitric oxide (10degC) NO 134 324

Nitrogen N2 1251 334 06

Nitrous oxide N2O 1977 263 05

Oxygen O2 1429 316 056

Sulfur dioxide SO2 2927 213 047

Vapors

Acetone C3H6O 239 032

BenzeneC6H6 202 03

Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 145

Chloroform CHCl3 171 024

Ethanol C2H6O 269 04

Ethyl ether C4H10O 206 03

Methanol CH4O 335 046

Water vapor (134degC) H2O 494 046

Inf ormation f rom CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Phy sics 7f irst Edition 1990-1991 Dav id R Lide

Human Body Tissues

Substance Velocity at 25degC (ms)

Soft Tissues 1540

Brain 1541

Liver 1549

Kidney 1561

Blood 1570

Muscle 1585

Lens of Eye 1620

Skull Bone 4080

Water 1540

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