Vehicle Systems Unit2 Chassis System 1. (2.1a) Identify Body Type And Their Functional Requirement

Vehicle Systems

Unit2 Chassis System 1


(2.1a)

Identify Body Type And Their Functional Requirement


Unit2 Chassis System 12.1a) Identify Body Type And Their Functional Requirement

Body Types:

Construction

Light Vehicle

Commercial Vehicle

Public Passenger vehicle

Special Purpose Vehicle


Body Types:

Construction:a. Monocoque/Unitaryb. Separate/Composite


Body Types: Construction:

a. Monocoque/Unitary

Monocoque is a construction technique that supports structural load by using an object's exterior, as opposed to using an internal frame or truss that is then covered with a non-load-bearing skin or coachwork.

The word monocoque comes from the Greek for single (mono) and French for shell (coque).

The technique may also be called structural skin, stressed skin, unit body, unibody, unitary construction, or Body Frame Integral (BFI).



a. Monocoque/Unitary



b. Separate/Composite(Chassis/Body)

Body-on-frame is an automobile construction technology. Mounting a separate body to a rigid frame that supports the drivetrain was the original method of building automobiles, and its use continues to this day.

Most small passenger vehicles switched to monocoque construction in the 1960s



b. Separate/Composite(Chassis/Body)


Body Types:

Light Vehicle:a. Saloonb. Hatchbackc. Estate/Station Wagond. Coupee. Convertible


Body Types: Light Vehicle:

a. Saloon A saloon car is one of the most common body styles of the modern car. At its

most basic, the saloon is a passenger car with a separate bonnet covering the engine in the front, and a separate boot for luggage at the rear.

A saloon seats four or more and has a fixed roof that is full-height up to the rear window. Most commonly it is

1. Four Door Saloon2. Two Door Saloon



a. Saloon



a. Saloon1. Four Door Saloon

BMW 7 Series Toyota Corolla



a. Saloon2. Two Door Saloon

Audi A5 Honda Civic



b. Hatchback A Hatchback car has a sloping back with a hinged rear door that

opens upward. The rear deck lid and window lift open as a unit. The rear door leads into the car.

Two types of Hatchbacks are:

1. Three Door Hatchback2. Five Door Hatchback



b. Hatchback



b. Hatchback 1. Three Door Hatchback

Suzuki Swift



b. Hatchback 1. Five Door Hatchback

Hyundai Santro



c. Estate/ Station Wagon An Estate car is a car body style similar to a saloon, but with an

extended rear cargo area.

Most Estate cars are modified saloon-type car bodies, having the passenger area extended to the rear window (over the normal boot area of the vehicle).

Unlike a hatchback car, which otherwise meets this description, an Estate is the full height of the passenger cabin all the way to the back; the rear glass is not sloped too far from vertical. Estate cars also have side windows over the cargo area, whereas most hatchbacks have no cargo area windows.



c. Estate/ Station Wagon



c. Estate/ Station Wagon 1. Three Door Estate



c. Estate/ Station Wagon 1. Five Door Estate

Five Door Estate



d. Coupe A 2-door, 2- or 4-seat car with a fixed roof.

Its doors are often longer than those of an equivalent sedan and the rear passenger area smaller; the roof may also be low.

In cases where the rear seats are very small and not intended for regular use it is called a 2+2 (pronounced "two plus two

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_plus_2



d. Coupe

BMW M3



d. Convertible

A body style with a flexible textile folding roof or rigid retracting roof to allow driving in open or enclosed modes. The roof may be constructed of soft or rigid material.

A soft-top convertible may also be referred to as a cabriolet, cabrio, spyder, or spider, although two-seater soft tops often retain the name roadster, referring to their body style.

Hard-tops are marketed under the terms coupé cabriolet, coupé convertible or simply retractable hardtop, while two-seaters more commonly use coupé roadster/roadster coupé.



d. Convertible



d. Convertible (retractable hard top)



d. Convertible (roadster)


Body Types:

Commercial: Rigid


Body Types:

Commercial: Articulated:

Vehicle which has a permanent or semi-permanent pivoting joint in its construction, allowing the vehicle to turn more sharply.

There are many kinds of articulated vehicles, from heavy equipment to buses, trams and trains.


Body Types:

Commercial: Articulated:


Body Types:

Commercial: Pickup

A pickup truck an abbreviation of "utility vehicle"—in Australia and New Zealand) is a light motor vehicle with an open-top rear cargo area (bed) which is almost always separated from the cab to allow for chassis flex when carrying or pulling heavy loads.


Body Types:

Commercial: Pickup


Body Types:

Commercial: Flatbed Truck

A flatbed truck is a type of truck which can be either articulated or rigid.

As the name suggests, it has an entirely flat, level 'bed' body with no sides or roof. This allows for quick and easy loading of goods, and consequently they are used to transport heavy loads that are not delicate or vulnerable to precipitation, such as construction equipment, and also for abnormal loads that require more space than is available on a closed body.


Body Types:



Body Types:



Body Types: Commercial: Drop side Platform Truck:


Body Types: Commercial: Box Van: Box truck, also known as a cube truck, cube van, bob

truck, box van, or straight truck, is a truck with a cuboid-shaped cargo area.


Body Types: Commercial: Box Van:


Body Types: Commercial: Box Van:


Body Types: Commercial: Curtainsider:


Body Types: Commercial: Tipper:


Body Types: Commercial: Tipper:


Body Types: Commercial: Tanker truck: A tanker truck or road tanker is a motor vehicle designed

to carry liquefied loads, dry bulk cargo or gases on roads


Body Types: Commercial: Tanker truck:


Body Types: Commercial: Temperature controlled ( Refrigerated truck): A refrigerator truck is a van or truck designed to carry

perishable freight at specific temperatures


Body Types: Commercial: Temperature controlled ( Refrigerated truck):


Body Types: Public Passenger Vehicle: Mini Bus: A minibus or mini coach is a passenger carrying motor

vehicle that is designed to carry more people than a multi-purpose vehicle or minivan, but fewer people than a full-size bus.


Body Types: Public Passenger Vehicle: Mini Bus:


Body Types: Public Passenger Vehicle: Mini Bus:


Body Types: Public Passenger Vehicle: Omni bus: A bus (archaically also omnibus, multibus, or autobus) is

a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. The most common type of bus is the single-decker bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker buses and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses; coaches are used for longer distance services.


Body Types: Public Passenger Vehicle: Omni bus:


Body Types: Special Purpose Vehicle: Ambulance: An ambulance is a vehicle for transportation of sick or

injured people to, from or between places of treatment for an illness or injury, and in some instances will also provide out of hospital medical care to the patient.


Body Types: Special Purpose Vehicle: Ambulance:


Body Types: Special Purpose Vehicle: Fire Tender: A fire apparatus, fire engine, fire truck, or fire

appliance is a vehicle designed to assist in fighting fires by transporting firefighters to the scene and providing them with access to the fire, along with water or other equipment


Body Types: Special Purpose Vehicle: Fire Tender:


(2.2a)

Identify Light and Heavy Vehicle Engine Position/ drives, Vehicle Body Components and Vehicle Systems


Engine Positions:

• Forward

• Center

• Rear

• Transverse

• Longitudinal

2.2a)Identify Light and Heavy Vehicle Engine Position/ drives, Vehicle Body Components and Vehicle Systems


Engine Positions:

• Forward/Front Engine:

A front-mounted engine describes the placement of an automobile engine in front of the vehicle passenger compartment.

This layout is the most traditional form, and remains a popular, practical design.



Engine Positions:

• Forward/Front Engine:



Engine Positions:

• Center /Mid Engine:

A mid-engine layout describes the placement of an automobile engine between the rear and front axles. Another term for this is mid-ship



Engine Positions:• Center /Mid Engine:

Front Mid Engine Rear Wheel Drive




Rear Mid Engine Rear Wheel Drive




Front Mid Engine Front Wheel Drive



Engine Positions:

• Rear Engine:

In automobile design, a rear-engine design layout places the engine at the rear of the vehicle.

The most popular current application of this layout is in Low-floor buses where its space saving attributes are best applied.



Engine Positions:

• Rear Engine:



Engine Positions:

• Transverse:

A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine's crankshaft axis is perpendicular to the long axis of the vehicle.

Many modern front wheel drive vehicles use this engine mounting configuration.



Engine Positions:

• Transverse:



Engine Positions:

• Longitudinal:

• In automotive engineering, a longitudinal engine is an internal combustion engine in which the crankshaft is oriented along the long axis of the vehicle, front to back



Engine Positions:

• Longitudinal:



Drives:

• Front Wheel

• Rear Wheel

• Four Wheel



Drives:

• Front Wheel Drive


Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine/transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only.

Most modern front-wheel drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longitudinal engine arrangement generally found in rear-wheel drive and four-wheel drive vehicles.


Drives:

• Front Wheel Drive



Drives:

• Rear Wheel Drive



Drives:

• Rear Wheel Drive



Drives:

• Four Wheel Drive

Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4×4 ("four by four") is a four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously



Drives:

• Four Wheel Drive


Unit2 Chassis System 12.2a)Identify Light and Heavy Vehicle Engine Position/ drives, Vehicle Body Components and Vehicle Systems

Driver Position

Left Hand

Vehicles are manufactured in left-hand drive (LHD) and right-hand drive (RHD) configurations, referring to the placement of the driving seat and controls within the vehicle.

Typically, the placement of the steering wheel is opposite to the rule of the road:

Left Hand Traffic countries use RHD vehicles, and Right Hand Traffic countries use LHD vehicles


Driver Position

Left Hand


Driver Position

Right Hand Drive


Commercial Vehicle Cab Positions

Forward

In road vehicle design, Cab forward, also known as Cab-over, COE (Cab Over Engine), or forward control, is a body style of truck or van that has a vertical front or "flat face", with the cab sitting above the front axle



Forward



Standard

A standard cab pickup has a single row of seats and a single set of doors, one on each side.

Most pickups have a front bench seat that can be used by three people, however within the last few decades, various manufacturers have begun to offer individual seats as standard equipment



Standard



Extended cab

Extended or super cab pickups add an extra space behind the main seat.

This is normally accessed by reclining the front bench back, but recent extended cab pickups have featured suicide doors on one or both sides for access



Extended cab



Crew cab

A true four-door pickup is a crew cab, double cab, dual cab or quad cab.

It features seating for up to five or six people on two full benches and full-size front-hinged doors on both sides.

Most crew cab pickups have a shorter bed or box to reduce their overall length



Crew cab


Chassis

Cruciform( Cross member within chassis)

Ladder

Rigid

Articulated

Sub frame


Chassis

Cruciform( Cross member within chassis)


Chassis

LadderSo named for its resemblance to a ladder, the ladder frame is the simplest and oldest of all designs. It consists merely of two symmetrical rails, or beams, and cross members connecting them


Chassis

Rigid


Chassis

Articulated


Chassis

Sub frame : The relatively thin metal of an integrally constructed vehicle means that concentrated loads from the engine and suspension units could cause excessive local stress and noise. These problems are overcome by using subframes to spread the load and reduce noise transfer.


Chassis

Sub frames:

Engine

Transmission

Suspension


Chassis

Sub frames:

Engine


Chassis

Sub frames:

Transmission


Chassis

Sub frames:

Suspension


Door Closure

• Hinged

• Sliding

• Hatchback

• Open topped

• Curtains


Door Closure

• Hinged


Door Closure

• Sliding


Door Closure

• Hatchback


Door Closure• Open topped


CABS:

• Rigid

• Articulated

• Tilt(Forward)

• Half cab


CABS:

• Rigid


CABS:

• Articulated


CABS:

• Tilt(Forward)


CABS:

• Half cab


LOAD AREAS:

• Platform (Flat)

• Drop side (Single) Platform

• Open Box (fixed side)

• Box Van (Enclosed Box)


LOAD AREAS:

• Platform (Flat)


LOAD AREAS:

• Drop side (Single) Platform


LOAD AREAS:

• Open Box (fixed side)


LOAD AREAS:• Box Van (Enclosed Box)

Documents

Vehicle Systems Unit2 Chassis System 1. (2.1a) Identify Body Type And Their Functional Requirement