Vehicle Number Plate Recognition System for Theft …2. Choudhury A. Rahman, Wael Badawy,Ahmad Rad-manesh A Real Time Vehicle.s License Plate Recognition System Proceedings the IEEE

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

Index Copernicus Value (2015): 78.96 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391

Volume 6 Issue 2, February 2017 www.ijsr.net

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Vehicle Number Plate Recognition System for Theft Detection

Sham Madhukar Lomte1, Hajiali Galib Ali Sayyed2

1Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Shri Shivaji Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India

2Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Shri Shivaji Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India.

Abstract: Large number of vehicles creates various problems and disturbances in day to day life. Vehicles generate problems of heavy traffic on road and stealing of vehicles at the parking areas. Management of vehicles and transportation are tedious and time consuming task. If it is completely operated by manually that reflects huge errors and difficulties. Therefore, it is necessary to develop automatic recognition and detection of the number plate of vehicles by recognition system. This paper shades light on the said problem. Recognition system will automatically detect the front number plate of vehicles. The detected number plate follows subsequent steps: 1.To capture image of number plate 2. To segment and recognize characters.3.Recognised license plate displays on graphical user interface and stored in database with time and date for further use 4.If stolen vehicle is detected alarm will ring and send SMS to the police station. The system can be used for the purpose of security and accuracy. It will be beneficial to reduce the problem such asrecognize automatic high speed on highway, traffic violation cases, to collect toll automatically on toll plazas and to make security inparking areas.

Keywords: Automatic vehicle license recognition system, Character segmentation, Character recognition, stolen vehicle, Theft detection

1. Introduction

Vehicles are increasing enormously in today’s era. It isnecessary to travel from one place to another place instipulated time. We see, numbers of vehicles are around us. Everyone needs vehicles for different purpose. In the proportion of population, vehicles increase enormously since last two decades. But, it creates tubule and difficulty for human life. It engenders problems of huge traffic, large sound, crime cases for instance stealing of vehicles and accidents etc. Therefore, management and administration ofvehicle is very necessary to avoid said problems of society. As a result, there is a lot of efforts are taken to improve the difficulties in transportation of vehicles. Out of these, vehicle Plate Recognition System is the most attractive research issue to latest researcher. Thus, this manuscript discusses on some practical aspect of recognizing number written on vehicle number plate. A Vehicle Plate Recognition System is a tracking system that identifies the vehicle, so that, the vehicle is tracks down through the existing database. Normally the recognition system will beinstalled at the gate of the residential area, factory entrances Parking space, toll gates, university entrance or other high-secured building such as defense institute, nuclear factories as given in [1].

Figure 1: Architecture of the Proposed System

Above Fig.1 describes the more details of Vehicle Plate Recognition system thoroughly. The presence of vehicle reflects camera. It captures image of vehicle which will beused for further processing. Basically, vehicle registration plate is a plate which is made by either metal or plastic and is usually will be attached to the front or back of a vehicle. Vehicle plate number contains of numbers and alphabetical letter which can be used to represent an identity ofrespective vehicle as described in [2].

The first two letter of the vehicle serves as the state location prefix and followed by two numerical digits which represents district from where vehicle belongs to. Number plate format of Indian vehicle is LLNN LLNNNN where L is letter and N is the number. If vehicles are recognized manually then will be more mistakes with less efficiency and slow. If the described system will be implemented artificially by using machines described in next chapter, itwill be more efficient and Less Costly. Each License plate has a unique number assigned to it for vehicle identification. The main challenge while working with ALPR is the

Paper ID: ART2017922 1102

number plate 2. To segment and recognize characters.3.Recognised license plate displays database with time and date for further use 4.If stolen vehicle is detected alarm will ring and send SMS

police station. The system can be used for the purpose of security and accuracy. of security and accuracy. of It will It will It be beneficial to reduce the problem such recognize automatic high speed on highway, traffic violation cases, violation cases, violation case to collect toll automatically on toll plazas and

Automatic vehicle license recognition system, Character segmentation, Character recognition, stolen vehicle, Theft detection

Vehicles are increasing enormously in today’s era. It is travel from one place to another place in

see, numbers of vehicles are around us. of vehicles are around us. ofEveryone needs vehicles for different purpose. In the In the In

population, vehicles increase enormously since it creates tubule and difficulty for it creates tubule and difficulty for it

engenders problems of huge traffic, large of huge traffic, large ofsound, crime cases for instance stealing of vehicles and of vehicles and ofaccidents etc. Therefore, management and administration ofvehicle is very necessary to avoid said problems of society. of society. of

a lot of efforts are taken of efforts are taken of to improve the transportation of vehicles. Out of vehicles. Out of of these, of these, of

vehicle Plate Recognition System is the most attractive latest researcher. Thus, this manuscript

some practical aspect of recognizing number of recognizing number ofnumber plate. A Vehicle Plate

a tracking system that identifies the

Figure 1: Architecture of the Proposed System of the Proposed System of

Above Fig.1 describes the more details Recognition system thoroughly. The presence reflects camera. It captures image It captures image It

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Accuracy and Detection speed ie. ALPR produces correct output within certain amount of time which is the prime necessity of ALPR. This can be obtained with quality ofAlgorithms used in a License Plate Detection. The distance between the camera and the vehicle should be approximately constant. For license plate detection purpose the concept ofedge detection, contour determination and bounding boxformation and elimination is used. Selection of license plate areas (LPA) and their elimination to obtain the actual license plate was based on various heuristics. This stage isimportant since improper detection of LPA can lead tomisrecognized characters.

2. Literature Survey

Huge work is done on Vehicle License plate Recognition System in various industries. Large numbers of research papers also are published by various authors in IEEE journals, non IEEE journal and dissertation report. Some basic references which are referred by authors are discussed in following sections.

1. Christos Nikolaos E. Vassili Loumos ,Anagnostopoulos, Ioannis E. Anagnostopoulos, ,and Eleftherios Kayafas- A License Plate Recognition. Algorithm for Intelligent Trans-portation System Applications IEEE transaction onIntelligent Transportation System, Vol. 8, No. 3, Sept 2006.

In this paper, a new algorithm for vehicle license plate identification is proposed of using segmentation technique and connected component analysis in conjunction with a character recognition. The algorithm was verified with different gray-level vehicle images of different backgrounds and ambient illumination. While, the camera captures the number plate, the angle and the distance of the vehicle should be according to the experimental setup.

2. Choudhury A. Rahman, Wael Badawy,Ahmad Rad-manesh A Real Time Vehicle.s License Plate Recognition System Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance,0- 7695-1971.June 2010.

A smart and simple algorithm is presented in this paper for vehicles license plate recognition system. Depend on pattern comparison; this algorithm can be applied for real time detection of license plates for collecting data for surveying or for some application specific purposes. The system has been designed using C++ and the experimental results have been shown for recognition of Alberta license plates.

3. Banshidhar Majhi Heuristics for license plate localization and hardware implementation of Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systemDepartment of Computer Science and Engg, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 2012.

The project Heuristics for license plate localization and hardware implementation of Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) system deals with detection and recognition of license plate from a captured front view ofany car. The work obeys all the steps in an ALPR system like pre-processing, segmentation, and license plate

localization, extraction of Characters and finally recognition of each character to form a string to match with the registered License plate numbers.

3. Related Work

A. Phases of ANPR

ANPR system work according to the given phases: 1. Obtain image 2. License Plate Separation 3. License Plate Segmentation 4.Number Identification 5. License Plate Recognition 6. Character Extraction from Plate 7. Showing Document of the extracted

As shown in (Fig 2), Image need to be captured first and the image should not be blurred so that system should be able todo necessary processing on image for number identification. Then the license plate needs to be extracted from the whole image. Segmentation is performed on extracted image. Through Segmentation the extracted image is divided into many segments for further processing. Noise needs to beremoved from the image for proper number identification. The final phase of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is Number identification.

Figure 2: Phases of ANPR

B. Working of ANPR

1. Input a raw image: It captures the image from a digital Camera. The resolution of camera needs to be good so that the captured image canbe further utilizes for processing; Captured image is given tothe ANPR as input.

2. Converting image into Grey Scale: Grey scale conversion is nothing but converting an image into black and white view with grey shades. Colored images don’t help us to identify the important edges and other features. So, the image needs to be converted in Grey scale format.


basic references which are referred by authors are discussed by authors are discussed by

Vassili Loumos ,Anagnostopoulos, Anagnostopoulos, ,and Eleftherios Kayafas- A ate Recognition. Algorithm for Intelligent Trans-

portation System Applications IEEE transaction onIntelligent Transportation System, Vol. 8, No. 3, Sept 2006.

this paper, a new algorithm for vehicle license plate proposed of using of using of segmentation technique

and connected component analysis in conjunction with a in conjunction with a incharacter recognition. The algorithm was verified with different gray-level vehicle images of different backgrounds of different backgrounds ofand ambient illumination. While, the camera captures the number plate, the angle and the distance of the vehicle of the vehicle of

the experimental setup.

Rahman, Wael Badawy,Ahmad Rad-manesh A Real Time Vehicle.s License Plate Recognition

the IEEE Conference on Advanced on Advanced onVideo and Signal Based Surveillance,0- 7695-1971.June

A smart and simple algorithm is presented in this paper for in this paper for invehicles license plate recognition system. Depend on pattern

Then the license plate needs to beimage. Segmentation is performed Through Segmentation the extracted image many segments for further processing. Noise needs removed from the image for proper number identification. The final phase of Automatic Number Plate Recognition of Automatic Number Plate Recognition of(ANPR) is Number identification.

Figure 2: Phases






3. BinarizationThresholding method is used to convert the grey scale image to monochrome. This method reduces the complexity ofcaptured image (input).

4. Morphological operation: It performs operation on grey scale image .This operation starts with the dilation of an image. Then, erosion needs tobe performed after that by applying median filtering noise can be used.

5. License Plate Recognition: The main step is to detect the size of the license plate. Ingeneral the shape of the License Plate is rectangular. The edges of rectangular area need to be finding first. Depending upon the Threshold value of an input image, edges can bedetected. Hence, the whole license plate can be recognized.

6. Character Extraction from License Plate: OCR(optical character recognition) Algorithm is used for Character Extraction.

7. Showing document of the extracted:

Search and display the details of extracted number ofLicense plate on micro computer unit.

4. Implementation

The implementation can be carried out in four stages asfollows: a) Blob Detection b) Localization and Extraction of Number Plate c) Segmentation d) Character Recognition using Genetic Algorithm

A. Blob Detection In this detecting regions in a digital image that vary inattributes such as brightness or colour, are compared to areas covering those regions. A blob is a part of a digital image inwhich some attributes are fixed or change within a predefined range of values; all the points in a blob can beused in some sense to be alike each other.

B. Localization and Extraction of Number Plate The extraction of plate region is the first step of the algorithm. Image captured from the camera is first converted to the binary image which exists of only 1s and 0s (only black and white) by using the method of thresholding. In this method, the pixel values of 0 (black) are given for all pixels in the input image with light factor less than threshold value. Also the pixel value of 1 (white) is given for all other pixels. The processing of the binarized image is carried out with the help of some methods. To obtain the plate area, smearing algorithm is used initially. The method for the extraction oftext regions on a mixed image is called as smearing. The image is refined along vertical and horizontal runs (scan-lines) using the smearing algorithm. If the number of white pixels is less than the predefined threshold or greater than any other predefined threshold, white pixels are made black. Threshold values are selected as 10 and 100 for both horizontal and vertical smearing in this system. If number ofwhite pixels i= 10; pixels become black Else; no change If

number of white pixels i=100; pixels become black Else; nochange [2] Once smearing is completed, dilation which is a morphological operation, is employed on the image for distinguishing the plate region. However, there can be more than one candidate region for plate location [2]. Some criteria tests are applied to the image by smearing and filtering operation to find the exact region and eliminate the other regions.

C. Segmentation Number plate is segmented into its components obtaining the characters one by one in the segmentation procedure. Inthe first step, image is filtered for improving the attributes ofthe image and eliminating the noises and unwanted spots. Then dilation operation is applied to the image for distinguishing the characters from each other which isrequired if the characters are close to each other. Horizontal and vertical smearing are applied for finding the character regions after segmentation and dilation operations are carried out. The next step is to separate the plate characters. It is carried out by detecting the starting and end points ofcharacters in horizontal direction. The individual characters separated from the plate are as follows in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Segmented character

D. Character Recognition using Genetic Algorithm GA is employed for recognition of character at the second level. String for character recognition consists of 6 bits shown in Figure 4. The first bit is to decide if the captured character is a number or an alphabet. The next bit is todecide if the captured character matches more than one. The rest of the 4 bits represent mapping of 4 window panes ofdigital board.

Figure 4: String for character recognition

5. Proposed System

The system includes a hardware module and a software module. Hardware module includes image acquisition system, sensor, alarm and relay. Image acquisition is done using a digital camera. Software module includes image processing. Image processing involves Number detection and Number recognition. Block diagram of entire system isshown in Fig 3.


character recognition) Algorithm is used for Character

the extracted:

Search and display the details of extracted number of extracted number of of micro computer unit.

can be carried out in four stages in four stages in as

Localization and Extraction of Number Plate of Number Plate of

Character Recognition using Genetic Algorithm

this detecting regions in a digital image that vary in brightness or colour, are compared or colour, are compared or to areas

covering those regions. A blob is a part of a digital image of a digital image of inwhich some attributes are fixed or change within a or change within a or

values; all the points in a blob in a blob in can be alike each other.

B. Localization and Extraction of Number Plate of Number Plate of

carried out. The next step is to separate the plate characters. It is carried out by detecting the starting and end points by detecting the starting and end points bycharacters in horizontal direction. The individual characters in horizontal direction. The individual characters inseparated from the plate are as follows

Figure 3: Segmented character

D. Character Recognition using Genetic Algorithm GA is employed for recognition level. String for character recognition consists shown in Figure in Figure in 4. The first bit ischaracter is a number or an alphabet. The next bit an alphabet. The next bit andecide if the captured character matches more than one. The if the captured character matches more than one. The ifrest of the 4 bits represent mapping of the 4 bits represent mapping ofdigital board.






6. Proposed System

When, a vehicle appears in the toll plaza. It will be stopped by the gate and the image of that vehicle will captured bythe camera. The camera sends the image of appeared vehicle to microcomputer unit. It extracts number plate and segmented characters. It also recognizes the getting information with help of MATLAB software. It is software that used for image processing. After that, MATLAB recognizes the number plate and it will be compared with the database of missing vehicle that is provided by police station for the stolen vehicles. The number plate of captured vehicle is compared with information of stolen vehicle that is provided by police station. When, a vehicle moves toward the gate. The vehicle becomes obstacle for IR sensor. Ifappeared vehicle is stolen according to database. The gate will not open for stolen vehicle. At the same time, the alarm rings and sends a message to police station as well as it also displays on LCD of toll plaza. All above said functions are done by PIC microcontroller (16f877a). In the contrast, ifthe captured image of vehicle will not match and exist in the database, the door will open and buzzer does not make sound or ringing. In this way, vehicle after vehicle successfully detection is going 24 hours on toll plaza.

7. Experimental Results

We have taken number of photos of cars by camera

.It has done survey to know what be the exact position ofnumber plate in total image. The image is shown in Fig.5.

Figure 5: Raw Image

Figure 6: Number plate exit

If detected no plate is stolen vehicle then door not opened and SMS will send to nearby police station.

Figure 7: Door not open


in the toll plaza. It will It will It be stopped the gate and the image of that vehicle will captured of that vehicle will captured of by

the camera. The camera sends the image of appeared vehicle of appeared vehicle of microcomputer unit. It extracts number plate and

It also recognizes the getting It also recognizes the getting Itof MATLAB software. of MATLAB software. of It is software

that used for image processing. After that, MATLAB the number plate and it will it will it be compared with

missing vehicle that is provided by police by police bystation for the stolen vehicles. The number plate of captured of captured of

compared with information of stolen vehicle that of stolen vehicle that of police station. When, a vehicle moves toward

the gate. The vehicle becomes obstacle for IR sensor. IR sensor. IR If stolen according to database. The gate

will not open for stolen vehicle. At the same time, the alarm rings and sends a message to police station as well as it also it also it

toll plaza. All above said functions are PIC microcontroller (16f877a). In the contrast, In the contrast, In if

vehicle will not match and exist in the in the in will open and buzzer does not make

this way, vehicle after vehicle going 24 hours on toll plaza. on toll plaza. on

Experimental Results

of photos of photos of of cars of cars of by camera by camera by

Figure 6: Number plate exit

If detected If detected If no plate is stolen vehicle then and SMS will send to nearby police station.






Figure 8: SMS

Figure 9: Number plate not exit

If detected no plate is not stolen vehicle then door will open and after some door will close.

Figure 10: Door open

Figure 11: Closing of door after vehicle passing

Image with details like date, amount. In some cases characters are not properly recognized due to some problems like improper size of segmented character and templates.

8. Conclusion

The proposed system of the recognition and detection system for theft vehicle by number plate can beimplemented using above discussed method which involves fundamental Image processing steps using MATLAB. Wecan detect and recognize license number of captured front view image of any vehicle by camera. It contains main three processes: plate extraction, character detection and character recognition. Further, we can detect stolen vehicle bycomparing it with database of stolen vehicle provide bypolice station. Afterword, it rings an alarm and sends a SMS to police station. It is increases for the security of vehicles. Itcan be used in many security purposes like speed detection, detection of traffic violation, toll collection, parking system. It can also beneficial to secure areas like the gate ofresidential area, factory gates, parking space, toll plazas, university entrance or other high-secured building such asdefense institutes and nuclear factories.

References

[1] Christos Nikolaos E. Vassili Loumos ,Anagnostopoulos, Ioannis E. Anagnostopoulos, ,and Eleftherios Kayafas- A License Plate Recognition. Algorithm for Intelligent Trans-portation System Applications IEEE transaction on Intelligent Transportation System, Vol. 8, No. 3,Sept 2006.

[2] Choudhury A. Rahman, Wael Badawy,Ahmad Rad-manesh A Real Time Vehicle.s License Plate Recognition System Proceedings of the IEEEConference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance,0- 7695-1971.June 2010.

[3] Banshidhar MajhiHeuristics for license plate localization and hardware implementation of Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systemDepartment


Number plate not exit

not stolen vehicle then door will open door will open door will close.

Figure 11: Closing of door after vehicle passingdoor after vehicle passingdoor

Image with details like date, amount. characters are not properly recognized due like improper size of segmented character and templates. of segmented character and templates. of

8. Conclusion

The proposed system of the recognition and detection of the recognition and detection ofsystem for theft vehicle by number plate by number plate byimplemented using above discussed method which involves fundamental Image processing steps using MATLAB. can detect and recognize license number can detect and recognize license number canview image of any vehicle of any vehicle of by camera. by camera. byprocesses: plate extraction, character detectirecognition. Further, we can detect stolen vehicle comparing it with database it with database it of stolen vehicle provide of stolen vehicle provide ofpolice station. Afterword, it rings to police station. It is increases for the security can be used in many security purposes like speed detection, in many security purposes like speed detection, indetection of traffic violation, toll collection, parking system. of traffic violation, toll collection, parking system. ofIt can also beneficial can also beneficial can to secure areas like the gate residential area, factory gates, parking space, toll plazas, university entrance or other high-secured building such or other high-secured building such ordefense institutes and nuclear factories.






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International journal of science and Research of science and Research of(IJSR).Vol. 5 Issue, july-2016 ISSN:2319-7064
