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Dr . Cathryn C la rke Mur rayP ICES P ro ject Sc ient i s t
MAY 2017
VECTOR RISK ASSESSMENT: HOW DOES TSUNAMI DEBRIS COMPARE?
JAPANESE TSUNAMI MARINE DEBRIS
A new transport vector of marine species in the North Pacific
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COMMERCIAL SHIPPING
AQUACULTURE
ORNAMENTAL TRADEPh
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MORE THAN 200 SPECIES HAVE ALREADY BEEN INTRODUCED BY OTHER ACTIVITIES
Ornamental
Aquaculture
Multiple
Shipping
Number of species
THE INVASION PROCESS
Source
Transit
Delivery
Impact
THE INVASION PROCESS
Source
Source
Transit
Delivery
Impact
THE INVASION PROCESS
ShipmentsRichnessSurvival
Source
Transit
Delivery
Impact
THE INVASION PROCESS
Release Environment
match
Source
Transit
Delivery
Impact
THE INVASION PROCESS
Establishment events?High risk species?
Source
Transit
Delivery
Impact
VECTOR SOURCE TRANSIT DELIVERY
Source Richness Number Survival Release EnvironmentMatch
Tsunami Debris
Hullfouling
Ballast Water
Ornamental
AquacultureFramework:Williams et al 2013; California Ocean Science Trust 2013
SOURCE OF SPECIES
Survey Site Species richness
Kesennuma 14 - 24Matsushima 13 - 35Minamisanriku 12 - 21Miyako 8 - 27Overall 8 - 35
Tohoku coast surveys and documented species richness
Japan NUS CO Ltd
A single source country
TRANSIT – NUMBER OF ITEMS
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
Deb
ris it
ems
Total Debris
Cumulative Debris
2012 2013 2014 2015
TRANSIT – RICHNESS PER ITEM
20
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Spec
ies r
ichn
ess
0
20
40
60
80
TRANSIT - SURVIVAL
2016 2017
2012
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2012
DELIVERY - RELEASE
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DELIVERY – ENVIRONMENTAL MATCH
Highest Temperature (°C)
VECTOR SOURCE TRANSIT DELIVERY
Source Richness Number Survival Release EnvironmentMatch
Tsunami Debris O O O o O O
VECTOR SOURCE TRANSIT DELIVERY
Source Richness Number Survival Release EnvironmentMatch
Tsunami Debris O O O o O O
Hullfouling O o O O O O
VECTOR SOURCE TRANSIT DELIVERY
Source Richness Number Survival Release EnvironmentMatch
Tsunami Debris O O O o O O
Hullfouling O o O O O O
Ballast Water O O O o o o
Ornamental O O O O O O
Aquaculture O O O O O O
SPECIES SHARED WITH OTHER VECTORS
Hull fouling & sea chest
Oyster aquaculture
Ballast water & sediment
Unique JTMD
Ornamental
UniqueJTMD
WILL THERE BE AN INVASION?
BASELINE DETECTION
Invertebrate surveys- 600 panels at 73 sites
Seaweed surveys - 30 sites
Mussel parasite surveys- 4000 mussels at 30 sites
ONE POSSIBLE INTRODUCTION
Striped beakfish (Opelgnathus fasciatus)
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JTMD COMPARATIVELY LOWER RISK
However… potential to introduce high risk species will require monitoring
RESEARCH TEAM
• Thomas Therriault, Canada• Nancy Wallace, USA• Hideaki Maki, Japan• Atsuhiko Isobe, Japan• James Carlton, USA• Amy MacFadyen, USA• Hiroshi Kawai, Japan• Masafumi Kamachi, Japan• Toshio Furota, Japan• Shin-ichiro Kako, Japan• Gregory Ruiz, USA,• Gayle Hansen, USA• Tomoya Kataoka, Japan• Janson Wong, Canada
• Jonathan Geller, USA• Hideki Takami , Japan• Nikolai Maximenko, USA• Jessica Miller, USA• Yoichi Ishikawa, Japan• Hirofumi Hinata, Japan• John Chapman, USA• Jocelyn Nelson, Canada• Sandra Lindstrom, Canada• Danielle Scriven, Canada• Lauran Liggan, Canada• Reva Gillman, USA• Karin Baba, Japan• Sonia Gorgola, USA
• Michio Otani, Japan• Brian Neilson, USA• Kirsten Moy, USA• Sherry Lippiatt, USA• Stephen Ambagis, USA• Kristine Davidson, USA• Nancy Treneman, USA• Cathryn Murray, Canada
どうもありがとうございます
Thank you very much
The PICES ADRIFT project has been a rare and exciting interdisciplinary study and we are extremely grateful to the Ministry of Environment and the people of Japan for their vision and support.
