Vaughan Review - 200912

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Diciembre 2009 - Issue 65 - € 4.1APRENDE CON LOS PROFESIONALES DEL INGLÉS

w w w . v a u s y s . c o m

DESCARG

TU AUDIO EN

www.vaughanreview.com

La ciudad más fría del mundo

yakutsk

Después de & Después

after & afterwards

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index

2

is published monthly and is a Vaughan Systemspublication. All rights reserved.

Publisher:Richard Vaughan

Editor in chief:Richard Brown

Co-Editors in chief:David WaddellCarmen Vallejo

Art Editor:Annie Casasús

English Edition:Greg Stanford

Design TeamIvan Morgan

Juan Ignacio Fernández Peón

Illustrator Pablo Gonzalo

Contributing Editors:Cloverdale / Conor McAlinden

Audio Editors:Alberto AlonsoDaniel Escudero

Distribution Manager:Rubén Palomero

Subscriptions team:Enebral Luengo

Jose Carlos [email protected]

Cover Photograph: Juan Ignacio Fernández Peón

Newsroom/ Redacción:Edificio Master 1

Avda. General Perón, 38 - 2ª Planta in Madrid.

Telephone/Teléfono:91 748 59 50

E-mail/Correo electrónico:[email protected]

Printed by/Imprime:Grupo Aries

Depósito legal:M-46.801-2002

ISSN:1887-6137

Lugar y fecha de impresión:Madrid, el 1 de Diciembre de 2009

Edita

Copyright © de la Edición: Vaughan Systems, S.L.,Madrid – 2007. Todos los derechos

reservados. All rights reserved.

THE VAUGHAN REVIEW Diciembre 2009

CLAVE DE ACCESO AUDIO:

1212vaughan1212


VaughanS Y S T E M S


DESCARG

TU AUDIO E

03 Editorial Yakutsk

05 Easy Reading Yakutia

06 Grammar Matters After & afterwardsSoon after / The day after Before & beforehandThe aforementioned

11 Cloverdale’s Characters Nancy Johnson

12 People & Places Entrevista a Jim Trainor

14 Business Letter 58

16 Marketing List 21

17 Pence & R Sección Infantil

21 Expressions with Boat

22 Humanities Learning Nature’s Languages

24 Phrasal Verbs To stand up for - To stand for

26 Something to Chew Over

30 Mastering the Interrogative 54

31 Elision Fields Íntaza

32 Sudoku Sweets & Candy

34 Translation List Nivel principiante y nivel avanzado: LISTA 19

35 Creepy Corner El terr ible “all THE day”

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editorial

3

In a far-flung corner (remoto rincón) of Russia, burieddeep in Eastern Siberia, lies a forgotten city by thename of Yakutsk, home to just over 200,000 souls.There’s nothing special about Yakutsk, like so many other ex-soviet cities, it’s just another bland, anonymousurban sprawl (expansión urbana descontrolada), amucky and insignificant scab (costra) to mar (paraestropear) and irritate the otherwise pristine, snow-covered landscape. And yet, the very existence of Yakutsk is to be held as a tribute to the tenacity,resilience and sheer stubbornness (obstinación) of thepeople who inhabit it. For Yakutsk can safely lay unenviable claim to being the coldest city on Ear th, theaverage temperature in the month of January beingunlikely to get much above -40 degrees.

Yakutsk is a strange, eerie (fantasmagórico) place,shrouded in (envuelto en) icy, fuel-injected mist, wherepeople shuffle (anda arrastrando los pies) silently along the street, their movements restricted by the many layers of clothing they wear, their voices muffled(apagados) by the fur that covers all but a tiny part of their face, their footsteps muted then swiftly effaced by the snow. The cause of the pollution is twofold (tiene

dos aspectos): firstly, the gargantuan efforts required toheat a city of such a size against temperatures whichcan happily drop below -55º or even lower; secondly,most people, for obvious reasons, drive to work, justlike they do in every major city the world over, youmight add. What is perhaps less obvious to those of usaccustomed to living in more temperate climes, is thefact that when people park their car in the morning, they leave the engine running all day in order toprevent it from freezing over!

Nothing in Yakutsk is unaffected by the cold. The ice in the air numbs your senses and the mist and thecloseness of sounds is disturbingly disorientating. The

cold is such that all our normal human references of warmth and coldness are rendered (resultan) irrevelant.This, after all, is a place where locals refer to temperatures of -30º as being “cold but not too cold”.

It is hardly surprising (no es sorprendente) that theregion of Yakutia was long (durante mucho tiempo)used as the biggest open air prison where thousandsupon thousands of convicts of all descriptions werecondemned to hard labour and almost certain death, the freezing temperatures being far more effective thaniron bars in ensuring that no one ever escaped.

And yet, far-fetched as it may seem (por muy improbable que parezca), people in Yakutsk leadsurprisingly normal lives. Despite the hostile climate,

there’s an open-ai r market all year round (thefishmongers (pescaderos) have no need of freezers,mind (por cierto)); builders work on construction sites(unless the temperatures drop below -50º at whichpoint metal can start to snap (romperse)); children go to school every day (except for when the thermometers go below -55º at which point they arewisely advised to stay at home). Provisioning(abastecer) the city is certainly fraught with (erizadode) logistical problems but they seem to take it in their stride (se lo toman con calma). Once the big freezesets in (cuando llega la gran helada), supplies reach thecity by means of lorries that cross the thick, solid, frozencrust (corteza) that caps (cubre) the river Lena.

It is indeed surprising to what extent the human race iscapable of adapting to even the most inhospitable of environments, a virtue personified in the people of Yakutsk. Of course, to most of us, the idea of spendingyour life in Siberia doesn’t even bear thinking about, butif, for whatever reason, we found ourselves having tolive there, I’m sure we would cope. To many people, theidea of having to speak English every day in order tosurvive is a similarly unattractive proposition. And yet if circumstances forced such a situation on you, youwould learn and learn fast. More to the point, learningEnglish is far more forgiving than the merciless colds of

Siberia. With frostbite, you only have one chancewhereas with English you can make as many mistakes asyou like in order to learn your lesson.

In short, if people can live in Yakutsk, you can learn English!

YakutskNothing in

Yakutsk is

unaffected by

the cold. The

ice in the air

numbs your

senses and the

mist and the

closeness of

sounds is

disturbingly

disorientating.

Richard Brown

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7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


According to (según) Russian legend, one idle Sunday afternoon (undomingo por la tarde sin trabajo), the God of Creation came up with(se le ocurrió) the idea of creating planets. Until then (hasta entonces)he had been content creating stars: one after another, and all pretty much the same, a bit like Van Gogh during his sunflower phase (pleasedo not write in!). That same Sunday afternoon, he was admiring his work when suddenly, it all seemed very wrong to him. There was somethingmissing (faltaba algo); it was all too static – a countless load of bright,shiny objects happily blazing away (resplandeciendo) in the heavens. Butnothing else (pero nada más). Anachronistically, we might compare him to the not-yet-created adolescent looking at the drawings he hadproduced as a four-year old. Big deal (¿Y qué?). The whole thing neededsome action, some sort of movement, something! And that’s when hecame up with the idea of planets – fun, spherical objects that wouldkeep him amused by flying around all those recently created stars.

The prototype planet was a simple affair (una cosa sencilla) – littlemore than (poco más que) a round(-ish) chunk (trozo) of rock.Gradually, as he got the hang of it (cogía el truco), he started to bemore creative, producing green ones, red ones, blue ones, grey ones,orange ones with accessories, pink ones with red spots (manchasrojas) etc. After a while, the whole universe had become a hive of planetary activity (bullía de actividad planetaria), there wasn’t a star in sight that didn’t have its quota of planets orbiting it.

This situation was fine for a while, but soon the God of Creation,being of the creative sort, got bored. It was all so predictable. Heneeded to come up with something that was capable of surprisinghim. Something able (algo capaz) to act independently of his own (supropio) perfect, but rather predictable (pero bastante predecible),divine will (voluntad). Something that could interact with its kind tokeep him amused during the afternoons once (una vez que) hisuniversal housekeeping responsibilities were taken care of.

And that’s when he came up with the idea of Man – a silly littlecreature, capable of great things, yes, but invariably driven (motivadas)by vanity, greed (codicia) and pride (orgullo). Now, the God of Creationwas no fool (no tenía un pelo de tonto). He knew he was playing withfire. And for this reason he decided to carry out his little experiment in

one of the remotest galaxies in his universe. Just in case (por si acaso).He identified a small, insignificant planet that looked perfect. He createda bit of water for his newly-made characters (personajes reciénhechos) to drink, made some flat rocky bits for them to live on and satback (se puso cómodo) to watch the show (espectáculo).

But, once again, he soon got bored. It’s all very well (es muy fácil)having a group of action figures to play with, especially ones driven

by vanity, greed and pride, but if there’s nothing for them tosquabble over (por pelearse), they don’t really do very much. And that’s when he came up with the idea of the elements and r iches:something for Man to fight over. Perfect!

And so, one day, with his chariot (carro) loaded (cargado) withPlutonium, Iron, diamonds, Gold and Smiles (this last element, themost precious of all, never really took off (nunca tuvo éxito)), hestarted to distribute the resources in such a way that Man would

have to start seriously interacting if he wanted to have all of them.Thus, he went to South and North America where he left hugequantities of gold. And then to South Africa where he left abundantquantities of diamonds. And then to the Middle East which he filledwith petrol. And so on and so on.

Finally, he got to Russia which he started to fill with petrol. As hemoved into Siberia his chariot got stuck in the snow, forcing him tocontinue his journey by foot. And so, in his massive arms, he pickedup all the riches he still had left (que todavía le quedaba) (he stillhad lots of everything) and star ted to walk through the snow. It washard work and the God of Creation soon started to feel the cold.He finally reached the land of Yakutia where the ice froze his fingers together, making him drop all the riches and elements he had been

carrying. It was too cold to worry about a bit (a lot) of petrol,Plutonium, diamonds and gold and so the God of Creation flewback into the heavens to enjoy the fruits of his labours.

And this is the reason why Man is never at peace with himself nor with his fellow men. It is also the reason why Yakutia, despite being(a pesar de ser) one of the coldest regions on Earth, is also theregion with more natural resources than any other.

Aprendizaje Clave: To come up with an idea (ocurrírsele a uno una idea)

easy read

5

S i t e r e s u l t a

d i f í c i l e l e d i t o r i a l

p r i n c i p a l...

¡ e s t e a r t í c u l o e s

p a r a t i !

Yakutia

Richard Brown

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After & Afterwards

Hablé con Robert durante un buen rato después. I spoke to Robert for a long time afterwards.

Lo haré después si no te importa. I’ll do it afterwards if that’s alright.

¿A dónde vamos después? Where shall we go afterwards?

Lo siento pero tengo que irme directamente a casa después. I’m sorry but I have to go straight home afterwards.

¿Qué hicisteis después? What did you do afterwards?

Hablé con Robert durante un buen rato después de la reunión. I spoke to Robert for a long time after the meeting.

Lo haré después del partido si no te importa. I’ll do it after the match if that’s alright.

¿A dónde vamos después de la película? Where shall we go after the film?

Lo siento pero tengo que irme directamente a casadespués del concierto.

I’m sorry but I have to go straight home after the concert.

¿Qué hicisteis después de la fiesta? What did you do after the party?

En esta sección vamos a centrarnos en cuando se puede utilizar la palabra “after” como traducción de “después” y

cuando no. En realidad “after” suele significar “después de” por lo que normalmente requiere de alguna información

adicional después de la palabra.

Cuando decimos “después” a secas en inglés normalmente hemos de decir “afterwards”. Hemos dejado las frases

prácticamente igual para que veas la diferencia.

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grammar matters

7

Lo volví a ver no mucho después. I saw him again not long after.

Se fugaron juntos poco después. They ran away together soon after.

Él la palmó no mucho tiempo después. He popped his clogs not long after.

Se separaron poco después. They separated soon after.

La empresa quebró no mucho tiempo después. The company went bankrupt not long after.

Tropecé con ella el día después. I ran into her the day after.

No, no lo compramos ese fin de semana; lo compramos elfin de semana después.

No, we didn’t buy it that weekend; we bought it theweekend after.

No puedo ir la semana que viene. Quedemos la semana

siguiente.

I can’t make it next week. Let’s make it the week after.

¿Él lo hizo el mismo día o el día después? Did he do it the same day or the day after?

Creo que (él) lo hizo el día después. I think he did it the day after.

Sin embargo, existen algunas ocasiones en las que sí podemos utilizar “after” como “después”. Normalmente se

trata de algunas expresiones hechas como “soon after” o “not long after”. Ambas significan “poco después”.

También, como ahora veremos, se emplea “after” sin ninguna palabra detrás, en los siguientes contextos: “the day after”,

“the week after”, “the weekend after” etc.

Soon after / The day after

También se puede decir “soon afterwards” y “not long afterwards”.

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Before & Beforehand

¿Es posible reservar la sala de conferencias antes (de antemano)? Is it possible to reserve the conference room beforehand?

Deberías haber pensado en eso antes. You should have thought of that beforehand.

Tienes que reservar con mucha antelación. You need to book well beforehand.

Si llegas antes, puedes ayudar a montar las cosas. If you get there beforehand, you can help set things up.

Hagas lo que hagas, no se lo menciones (a ella) antes. Whatever you do, don’t mention it to her beforehand.

Lo he hecho bastantes veces antes. I’ve done it quite a few times before.

Él nunca ha hecho eso antes. He’s never done that before.

Creo que lo he conocido antes pero no me acuerdo dónde. I think I have met him before but I can’t remember where.

¿Has visto esa película antes? Have you seen that film before?

Seguro que he hablado con ella antes. I’ve definitely spoken to her before.

También son muchos los casos en los que “antes” a secas se traduce no como “before” sino como “beforehand”, sobre

todo cuando contiene la connotación de “de antemano”.

En cambio, al expresarse en el pretérito perfecto es muy habitual traducir la palabra “antes” cuando viene a secascomo “before”.

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grammar matters

9

The aforementioned

Tenemos que afrontar el problema anteriormentemencionado lo antes posible.

We must deal with the aforementioned problem as soonas possible.

La bomba estalló al final de la reunión anteriormentemencionada.

The bomb went off at the end of the aforementionedmeeting.

La idea anteriormente mencionada no va a ser factible por varias razones.

The aforementioned idea is not going to be feasible for anumber of reasons.

En referencia a las consideraciones anteriormente mencionadas,creo que hemos pasado por encima de varios temas.

In reference to the aforementioned considerations, I think there are several issues we’ve overlooked.

Los argumentos anteriormente mencionados me resultaronmuy débiles.

I found the aforementioned arguments to be very weak.

Si se está refiriendo al susodicho, se ha equivocado totalmente.If you’re referring to the aforementioned person, you’requite wrong.

El susodicho lleva ya bastante tiempo causando problemaspara la empresa.

The aforementioned person has been causing trouble for the company for quite some time now.

Puedo demostrar que la susodicha se encontraba muy lejosde la escena del crimen aquel martes por la tarde.

I can prove that the aforementioned person was nowherenear the scene of the crime that Tuesday evening.

El susodicho antes era nuestro párroco. The aforementioned person used to be our local vicar.

Nunca he conocido al susodicho. I’ve never met the aforementioned person.

Es hora de ver una expresión un poco formal muy empleada en la correspondencia. Curiosamente para referirnos a

algo que ya hemos mencionado no decimos “the beforementioned” sino “the aforementioned”.

“The aforementioned person” significa “el susodicho” o “la susodicha”. También significa lo mismo “theaforementioned” a secas. Se trata de una fórmula bastante formal que se emplea a menudo en contextos jurídicos.

“Afore” es una antigua palabra sajona sinónima de “before” pero que ya no se emplea.

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7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


cloverdale’sC H A R A C T E R S

11

Nancy Johnson can’t find the kind of curtains

she wants for George Clooney’s bedroom.

She’s been working on the decoration of his

house for over five months now, and despite

the problem with the curtains, she’s never felt

better in her life. She works non-stop from

Wednesday through Sunday in Aspen, studying

the house, drawing designs, calling her client, Mr.

Clooney, and dealing with all kinds of suppliersof materials and furniture. Lately she’s been

seeing George Clooney more often. He’s not

involved in the filming of a movie at the

moment and he has a bit more time to fly out

to Colorado to supervise the progress on the

house. This week, she hasn’t gone back as she

usually does to Nebraska because George is

there to help her choose the right colors for his

bedroom. Phillip sounded a bit irritated on the

phone when she told him she would be staying

in Aspen, but as always, he thought about all the

money they were earning on the project anddecided it was worth it. Nancy didn’t really care

about the money. She was having the time of

her life. Last night, George invited her out to

dinner in Aspen and they talked for at least two

hours about their lives. At the end of the dinner,

he told her he wasn’t convinced about the

color of the curtains she had installed in his

bedroom and they went back to look at them.

When Nancy returned to her apartment at

2:00 in the morning, there was a message from

Phillip. He sounded somewhat sad on the

phone. He said it was 1:00 o’clock in the

morning and that he was wondering where she

was. She thought about Phillip for a few

seconds and then wondered how the kids were

getting along at school. She decided it would be

better to call him the next morning than to

wake him up now. Then she remembered that

she had an appointment in the morning at 9

o’clock with a carpet supplier. She thought she

had better go to bed and get some sleep.

However, she knew she wouldn’t be able to go

to sleep. She was feeling too excited.

www.vaughantienda.com

Nancy Johnson

1. What problem does Nancy have with the curtains?

2. What room are the curtains for?

3. How long has she been decorating George

Clooney’s house?

4. Is the problem with the curtains making her depressed?

5. How is she feeling these days?

6. What are the main activities she does

concerning the house?

7. Who has she been seeing more often lately?

8. Why has Clooney had more time to fly to

Colorado?

9. Why hasn’t Nancy gone back to Nebraska this

week?

10. How did Phillip sound on the phone when

Nancy told him she needed to stay in Colorado?

11. Why didn’t Phillip insist that she come back?

12. Did he decide it was worth it or not?

13. What were Nancy’s feelings concerning the

money she would earn on the project?14. Why didn’t she care about the money?

15. Where did Clooney invite her last night?

16. How long did they stay in the restaurant?

17. What did they talk about?

18. What did Clooney tell her at the end of the

dinner?

19. What did they do after dinner?

20. What time did Nancy get back to her

apartment?

21. What was waiting for her when she got back?

22. Who was the message from?

23. How did he sound on the phone?

24. What time had he left the message?

25. What did he say he was wondering?

26. What did Nancy think about after listening to the message?

27. What decision did she make about returning

Phillip’s call?

28. Why did she decide to call him in the morning?

29. What did she remember about tomorrow

morning?

30. What did she think she had better do?

31. What did she know she wouldn’t be able to do?

32. Why did she know she wouldn’t be able to go

to sleep?

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


Q. Hello Jim, we know that you have been with our company for

many years, but when did you first settle in Madrid?

A. My lifelong (de toda la vida) love affair with Spain began in July

1969, when I first arrived at Madrid’s Barajas Airport en route for

Vigo, which I reached in a rented Seat 600 in what was a

scorching (muy pero muy caluroso) summer. But it was to be afurther eight years and several short visits before I finally settled

here. That was in July 1977, “siete de julio, San Fermín”, when in

the company of wife and young son I arrived once again at Barajas

Airport at the end of a five-year spell in Guatemala.

“To settle” significa “afincarse”.

Q. How did you come to be involved with Vaughan Systems? Did

you know Richard?

A. I first met Richard and Fernanda in 1994 at a St. Louis

University theatre evening. They had come along to see two plays

directed by Greg Stanford: Eugene Ionesco’s The Lesson, in which

I was playing the part of the Professor (a man, by the way, with ateaching style NOT to be recommended) and Edward Albee’s

The American Dream. That first meeting led to my involvement

in the Vaughan Residential Courses, at that time held in Horche

in La Alcarria. That in turn led to recording Vaughan materials,

including, along with Richard, an early version of Cloverdale’s

Characters. Memorable and good fun.

Fíjate que Jim dice “I first met Richard and Fernanda”. Este uso de la palabra

“first” indica “por primera vez”. Se coloca justo delante de los verbos no

auxiliares y justo detrás de los verbos auxiliares (incluyendo el verbo “to be”).

2003 was to be another memorable year. That year saw my

return to Madrid following a two year spell back in the UK.

January to March of that year were months of reconnecting for

me, reconnecting to the world of Madrid. One of the phone calls

I made was to Richard, and little did I know where that was to

lead. What first came of the phone call was a lunch. What cameup at the lunch was talk of a possible radio programme. What

came not many days after the lunch was a query (pregunta) from

Richard – would I like to get involved in a weekday language radio

programme starting in May?

La expresión “little did I know” (con inversión incluida) es bastante

común y significa “no me imaginaba”.

So it was that, in the first week of May 2003, Richard, Fernanda and

I began broadcasting The Lighthouse. It was a three-hour

programme, from 6 pm to 9 pm, broadcast from a Madrid FM radio

station. That was the seeds of the then latest, but by no means the

last, of Richard’s language teaching revolutions.

This month we celebrate our sixth birthday as Vaughan Radio.

Q. You have worked on the radio for years. What is it you most

like about this profession?

A. In one sense it’s just another job, but it is a job that can bring

a lot of satisfaction. The two programmes I present give me the

chance to work with many and varied wonderful people, and the

chance to research a myriad of different topics and delve into

(investigar) a host (una plethora) of language usages and word

etymologies. To a Gemini that is irresistible. Add to that the fact

This month we talk to Jim

Trainor, Vaughan Radio’s

daytime anchorman. The

popular and groundbreaking

English-language learning

radio station has now been

broadcasting for over six

years and constitutes a

veritable cultural revolution.

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people & places

13

that the microphone seems to love my voice, so what better way of

using this particular talent. My introduction to radio was in the 80s onRadio 80 Serie Oro (Golden Line) on a news and music programme in

English with Douglas Boyd. Douglas and I shared the studio with the

late Antonio Herrero who was on Madrid local news at the time. Who

wouldn’t have enjoyed that? Douglas was the most efficient print

journalist I have met, and Antonio Herrero transformed when he had

a microphone in front of him.

Q. Thousands of listeners tune in every day. Have you ever asked

yourself what the secret of Vaughan Radio’s success is?

A. The radio has the Vaughan seal (sello) of excellence about it that

listeners have learnt to respect, expect and love. How can it not be a

success? It is made in Spain for Spanish learners of the English language;that’s valued – that Made-in-Spain-specially-for-you factor. Also, every

weekday, some fourteen hours of new programmes are created by a

team that obviously love what they are doing, love their own language,

and are sympathetic to the specific problems that the learning of

English gives to Spanish learners; that’s also valued. We know from

listeners’ comments that they tune in to Vaughan Radio not only for

English; they tune in for the content, they love the humour, they love

the personalities, they regard it as a friend, they take it with them

everywhere, loo (el servicio) included! If the signal allows.

Q. The Lighthouse and Time to Put Your Feet Up are the two

programmes that you present. What can you tell readers of VaughanReview about them?

A. The Lighthouse is a late-morning magazine style programme aimed at

listeners with an intermediate level of English. Sometimes the level wanders

higher, but we have the benefit of Fernanda there to get us back down to

earth with a “kiss, kiss” (keep it simple, stupid)! The Lighthouse aims to be

informative, relaxed, stimulating. The guests are an integral part: Maribel

simply loves translating; Madeleine will slip in an Irish poem; Ron brings a

taste of America. The connections to Vaughan Town (Fridays at noon) or the

Residential Courses (Thursdays at noon) are two regular highlights. They

bring weekly testimony to the transforming power of these courses. There

are moments of very moving eloquence; sometimes it will be a Spanish

student, other times one of the Anglos who finds just the right words andexpression to capture just how much the week has meant for them in

terms of English and life. Those are moments that never fail to move me.

El verbo “to move” además de “mover” también significa “conmover”.

Time to Put Your Feet up is aimed at upper intermediate plus students.

Each day brings its special guest – Manuel, Soledad, Juan, Happy Javi, Rafa

and Marta – and each guest brings a particular flavour to the

programme. Whenever we can we read original documents in English

related to events of the day: a letter, a poem, a selection from a short

story or play. Every week seems to bring a highlight which is also a

delight – well, to me at least. To mark the 150th anniversary of the

publication of The Origin of Species this past November, we read anamazing exchange of letters between Charles Darwin and Thomas

Huxley written the week of publication of The Origin. We also learnt

that the postal service was amazingly efficient in the England of 1859!

Q. You speak good Spanish? Where did you learn it?

A. The first time I heard the Spanish language spoken was in Cambridge

1966 and I thought to myself, “Now there’s a language I’ll never understand.”

1966 was my first real acquaintance with native speakers of foreign

languages: French sounded accessible - most of us had schoolboy French

back then - and even German, though unknown to me, sounded potentially

understandable; Italian sounded so delectable that it didn’t matter whether

you understood it or not, but Spanish, oh dear, with its collection of ferocious consonants –the erres, the zetas, and the jotas – no, we would

never be on speaking terms. But first a Spanish wife and then five years in

Guatemala gave me both the love and the need of the language. The few

formal classes I had were in Antigua, Guatemala. Now Antigua is so beautiful

that anything you learn there, you are bound to fall in love with!

“My first acquaintance with something” es mi primer experiencia con algo”.

It was a Cachiquel-speaking Indian in the highlands of Guatemala who

lamented with me, “Ah, Jaime,” he said, “estamos los dos condenados a

hablar español. Algo tenemos en común.”

Q. What recommendations would you give to a Spanish person who

wants to learn English?A. Love the language or need the language, but preferably both. Loving

it helps to bring a smile to the face, and, as we all know, the learning

process is a whole different experience if we are enjoying it. Besides,

when we love someone or something, we’re more likely to be forgiving

of his, her or its foibles (debilidades) and quirks (idiosincrácias). And, my

oh my, does English have foibles and quirks!

Name Jim Trainor

Age Three score years and more

Nationality British

Position Vaughan Radio presenter

Fact Jim presented the first ever programmefor Vaughan Radio together with FernandaSangareau and Richard Vaughan

FACT FILE

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business letter 58

14

Year’s Christmas partySe puede emplear el genitivo sajón con expresiones de tiempo, como “week”, “month”, “day”, etc. Es muy útil

cuando tenemos una frase con muchos sustantivos. Suena poco natural decir “The Christmas party of this year”.

Hay más ejemplos de esta estructura en la carta.

There will be aEsperamos que no hayas puesto nada como “It will have” o “It will be”. “Habrá” es el futuro de “hay” del

verbo “haber”. Se sabe bien que el sujeto con “hay” es “there”, ej: “there is” o “there are”. En el futuro el

sujeto es igual: “habrá” = “THERE will be”. También aparece más veces en la carta.

Chairman and themanaging director.

Esto es inglés británico. En inglés americano se dice “President” y “CEO”, que significa “Chief Executive Officer”.

Are welcomeSe puede decir “All members of staff can...”, pero sería una traducción muy plana. Se dice “To be welcome to do

something” en contextos más formales cuando se da permiso para hacer algo, y el permiso se da con mucho gusto.

To remindNo es “to remember”. Cuando quieres recordar a alguien que haga algo nunca se puede decir “to

remember somebody to do something”, siempre se utiliza “to remind”.

Quite a lot of Para traducir “bastante” en inglés, utilizamos “quite + adjetivos”, “quite a bit of + incontables”, “quite a few

+ contables” o “quite a lot of + contables e incontables”.

One raised eyebrowUna expresión bonita en inglés. Cuando nos sorprendemos decimos “to raise an eyebrow”, literalmente

significa “arquear una ceja”.

Queridos Empleados,

La fiesta de Navidad de este año tendrá lugar el día 17 dediciembre y se celebrará en la Sala Wellington del Regency Hotel.

Habrá una cena de gala seguida de los discursos del presidente y la directora general. Después habrá una pequeña ceremonia deentrega de premios para celebrar los logros destacados y parapremiar a los mejores empleados de la empresa. Despuésde los premios habrá una discoteca con barra libre.

Todos los empleados pueden invitar a una personapara acompañarles, aunque hay que informar aRecursos Humanos sobre el nombre de su invitadoantes del 10 de diciembre. Todos los invitados recibirán

una etiqueta con su nombre al llegar a la fiesta.En vista de que habrá muchos clientes importantes dela empresa en la fiesta de este año, nos gustaría recordar a todos los empleados que se espera un comportamientoejemplar en todo momento. En el evento del año pasado hubobastante “exuberancia irracional” lo cual sorprendió bastante a ladirección, ¿hace falta mencionar el famoso incidente del pavo?

Estamos deseando veros a todos allí.

Dear Staff,

This year’s Christmas party will take place on the 17th December and will be held in the Wellington Room of the Regency Hotel.

There will be a formal dinner followed by speeches from thechairman and the managing director.There will then be a small award

ceremony to celebrate the year’s outstanding achievements and to award prizes to the company’s best employees. After the

awards there will be a disco with a free bar.

All members of staff are welcome to invite oneother person to accompany them, although youneed to inform Human Resources of the name of your guest before the 10th December. All guests will

be issued with a name tag on arriving at the party.In view of the fact that there will be many important

company clients at this year’s party we would like toremind all staff that exemplary behaviour is to be expected

at all times. At last year’s event there was quite a lot of “irrationalexuberance” which caused more than one raised eyebrow from the management, need I mention the famous turkey incident?

We look forward to seeing you all there.

I n t e n t a t r a d u c i r

l a c a r t a y l u e g o

c o m p á r a l a c o n l a

n u e s t r a

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marketing

List 21

16

Muchos factores influyen en la conducta del cliente . Many factors influence customer behavior.

¿Cómo podemos influir en su compor tamiento? How can we influence their behavior?

¿Cómo podemos conseguir que compren nuestros productos? How can we get them to buy our products?

¿Cuál es el ciclo vital de este producto? What’s the life cycle of this product?

Las creencias y actitudes cambian con el tiempo. Beliefs and attitudes change over time.

Los líderes de opinión tienen una gran influencia. Opinion leaders have great influence.

Los matrimonios toman decisiones en conjunto. Married couples make joint decisions.

Vamos a preparar un tríptico. We’re going to prepare a three-page leaflet.

La gente no entenderá el mensaje. The people won’t understand the message.

El tipo de letra es demasiado pequeño. The print-type is too small.

Vamos a llenar la ciudad de vallas publicitarias. We’re going to fill the city with billboards.

No creo en la publicidad mediante vallas. I don’t believe in billboard advertising.

¿Cuáles son las tarifas publicitarias? What are the advertising rates?

Las palabras representan una fuerza poderosa. Words are a powerful force.

¿Cómo puedo conseguir que este anuncio resalte? How can I make this ad come alive?

Tu anuncio tiene que ser más específico. Your ad has to be more specific.

Tu anuncio no debe sonar como un anuncio. Your ad shouldn’t sound like an ad.

Tenemos que llegar a cuanta más gente mejor. We have to reach as many people as possible.

Nadie se va a fijar en tus vallas publicitarias. Nobody is going to notice your billboards.

Tenemos que hacernos notar. We have to get ourselves noticed.

C o n s i g u e e n

V a u g h a n T i e n d

a

m a t e r i a l e s p e c í f i c o

p a r a p r o f e s i o n a l e s.

v a u g h a n t i e n d a. c o m

Ponte a prueba. Tapa la columna derecha con un papel y

traduce al inglés las frases en español. Irás ganando en

vocabulario y fluidez, a medida que aumentes el número de

repeticiones.

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Illustrator : Pablo GonzaloArt Editor: Annie Casasús

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


Lee cómo Pence aprende que a veces las apariencias engañan.

A FAiry Merry Christmas to you all!

Era principios de diciembre y Pence y R estaban decorando

el árbol de Navidad en casa de R. “¡Qué divertido sería ser

el hada del árbol de Navidad, ahí en la parte de arriba del

árbol de Navidad donde todo el mundo te ve y desde donde

ves a todo el mundo!” dijo Pence. “Nadie presta atención

a las demás decoraciones del árbol pero todo el mundo se

fija en el hada que está en la parte alta del mismo”. “Bueno,

yo no creo que sería muy divertido,” dijo R. “Pero si quieres,

puedes ser mi hada de Navidad este año. La única condición

es que, si decides hacerlo, tendrás que quedarte ahí durante

todo el periodo navideño.” Pence no se lo podía creer y no

dejó escapar la oportunidad. “¿Estás seguro?” preguntó. “Por

supuesto que sí,” dijo R, “pero no olvides la condición”.

Así que Pence escaló hasta la cima del árbol y se acomodó todo lo que pudo. Al principio le resultaba increíble ser el

hada de Navidad. Todo el mundo que venía a casa de R

se fijaba en Pence y le saludaba con la mano. Nunca en

toda su vida Pence se había sentido tan popular. Pero

rápidamente se hartó de sonreír a todo el mundo. Quería

ser él mismo pero no podía: era el hada de Navidad y las

hadas de Navidad tienen que sonreír en todo momento.

Luego, empezó a sentirse físicamente cansado. Era muy duro

estar colgado de la última rama del árbol durante todo el día.

Y ser el centro de atención tampoco era todo lo que él se

había imaginado. Y peor aún, una vez que había comido todos

los Papa Noeles de chocolate, ¡no tenía nada que comer!

Estaba desesperado por bajar del árbol pero R no dejaba

de recordarle lo que habían pactado.

Pero afortunadamente para Pence, alguien llegó a

rescatarlo. En Noche Buena, cuando Santa Claus

llegó a casa de R, el patético aspecto del hada de

Navidad le dio tanta pena que descolgó a Pence

del árbol, le dio un cocotazo, y colocó un hada

de Navidad de verdad en la cima del árbol

de Navidad.

Las cosas que no tenemos a veces

resultan ser más bonitas desde de la

distancia de lo que en realidad son.

It was the beginning of December and Pence and R were

putting up the Christmas tree together at R’s house.

“Wouldn’t it be fun to be the Christmas tree fairy, right

at the top of the Christmas tree where everyone can

see you and you can see everyone?” said Pence. “Nobody

looks at the other decorations on the tree but everybody

looks at the fairy on top”. “Well, I don’t think it would

be much fun,” said R. “But if you like, you can be my

Christmas fairy this year. The only condition is that, if

you decide to do it, you have to stay up there for the

whole of the Christmas period.” Pence couldn’t believe

his luck and jumped at the chance. “Are you sure?” he

asked. “Of course,” said R, “but remember the condition”.

And so, Pence climbed up to the top of the tree andmade himself as comfortable as he could. At first, it was

great being the Christmas fairy. Everybody who came to

R’s house noticed Pence and waved to him. Pence had

never felt so popular in all his life. But he soon got fed up

with smiling at everybody. He wanted to be himself but

he couldn’t – he was the Christmas fairy and Christmas

fairies have to smile all the time.

Then, he began to feel physically tired. It was hard work

hanging on to the top branch of the tree all day long. And

being the centre of attention wasn’t all it had cracked up to

be. And what was worse, once he’d eaten up all the chocolate

Father Christmases, there was nothing for him to eat! He

was desperate to get down off the tree but R kept

reminding him of the agreement they had made.

But fortunately for Pence, someone was there to

help him. On Christmas Eve, when Santa arrived

at R’s house he felt so sorry for the pathetic-

looking Christmas fairy, that he took Pence

down off the tree, gave him a clip round

the ear and put a real Christmas fairy back

at the top of the Christmas tree.

Things we don’t have often

appear better from afar than

they really are.

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LO QUE NECESITAS:

Whywon t

ask mummyand daddy

for help!!!

Mix andmatch

CÓMO JUGAR: Recorta los cuadrados con la ayuda de un adulto e intenta formar 6 frases siguiendo la

estructura gramatical que te indicamos en el ejemplo (si quieres, puedes hacer una fotocopia en color de lapágina). Algo que te puede ayudar a hacerlo correctamente es ir uniendo las fichas por sus colores. Es decir,

el rojo al final de una palabra siempre tiene que coincidir con el rojo al principio de otra.

Scissors

Ha llegado el momento de jugar con las preguntas negativas tipo: “¿Por qué no...?”. Una vez más nos

centraremos en el futuro, ¿recuerdas que ya lo vimos el mes pasado? Pero esta vez con el verbo “to call”

y “to read” en primera, segunda y tercera persona del plural: Por ejemplo:

¿Por qué no llamarán (ellos) a sus primos?

¿Por qué no leeremos (nosotros) la revista?

¿Por qué no llamaréis (vosotros) a tus sobrinos?

¿Por qué no leerán (ellos) el periódico?

¿Por qué no llamaremos (nosotros) a nuestros abuelos?

¿Por qué no leeréis (vosotros) vuestros libros?

Why they call their parents?wont

por que no llamaran a sus padres? ?

whycall their cousins?we Call

they readwhywon t Your nephews?

whywon t youreadour grandparents?

the magazine?They won twhywon t

won twhywe readyour books?

won t whythe paper? Call you

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Encuentra las palabras que te indicamos a continuación en la siguiente sopa de letras:

Word search (Christmas)

R E S P U E S T A S :

1 . C h i m n e y ( C h i m e n e a ) . 2 . C h r i s t m a s c a r d s ( T a r j e t a s d e N a v i d a d ) . 3 . G o l d ( O r o ) .

4 . S h e p h e r d ( P a s t o r ) . 5 . F i r e p l a c e ( C h i m e n e a d e h o g a r ) .

c H r i s t m a s e v e h n b

e o r m o n i t l e g n e l

g l o c t y s r a e t a u w u

r l o r u b t t b s r t n y c

c y m a w h l s e j n i t e o

a a u c h e e e t e t v e a r

h n e k r o t l h r r i f r c

a a t e k m o w l u d t i s h

m y r r h s e r e s i y r e e

p s i t e h s e h a y s e v s

e r a b t i n s e l e c w e t

r u b a u b l e m e k e o a n

o a e t z o m r e m r n r i u

n r o l m n e g u a u e k c t

w m m a r z i P n t o s e s

a

Unscramble the five words below.Anagrams

1. Father Christmas traditionally enters a house through its YCIMHEN.

2. People send MSRHCITAS DRCAS to friends and family at Christmas.

3. DOGL is one of the gifts that the three Wise Men gave to Jesus.

4. A RPHSEHED looks after sheep.5. Children place their shoes on the floor next to the Christmas tree and EAPRIFELC.

p e n c e

a

1. Christmas Eve (Nochebuena)

2. New Year’s Eve (Nochevieja)

3. Jerusalem (Jerusalén)

8. Fireworks (Fuegos artificiales)

4. Nativity Scene (Belén (decoración))

9. Bauble (Bola para el árbol)

7. Cracker (Cohete chino)

6. Mistletoe (Muérdago)

5. Bethlehem (Belén (ciudad))

11. Tinsel (Espumillón)

14. Marzipan (Mazapán)

12. Hamper (Cesta)

16. Angel (Ángel)

17. Myrrh (Mirra)

18. Wreath (Corona)

15. Chestnuts (Castañas)

10. Holly (Acebo)

13. Turkey (Pavo)

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expressions with

21

Don’t rock the boat!

¡No hagas olas!

We’re all in the same boat.

Estamos todos en la misma situación.

You’ve missed the boat!

¡Has perdido el tren!

Don’t burn your boats.

No quemes las naves.

They’ve really pushed the boat out this time.

Han realmente tirado la casa por la ventana esta vez.

Whatever floats your boat!

¡Haz lo que te haga feliz!

It didn’t float my boat.

No me gustó mucho.

I’m not just off the boat; you know?

No soy tan ingenuo, ¿sabes?

Let’s push the boat out and go on holiday.

Tiremos la casa por la ventana y vayamos de vacaciones.

When my boat / ship comes in…

Cuando me toque la lotería… B

O

A T

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It is hard to conceive of a more important

step in the evolution of man than the

development of language. If we look at the

enormous range of species that currently

inhabit our planet, homo sapiens is unique in

being capable of communicating intricately

precise and detailed ideas to other members

of the community, and it is not hard to see

what it has done for us.

We are top of the food chain (cadena

alimenticia), despite being (a pesar de ser)

relatively small and weak when compared to

many other animals. We can inhabit almost

any part of the Earth, despite being physically

poorly equipped to deal with extreme

weather conditions. And despite the fact we

are mortal, people remember us and our

ideas for centuries and centuries after we die

– we pass our knowledge on to future

generations. We owe all of this (debemos

todo esto) to our remarkable ability to shareinformation with each other.

If we could talk to aquatic creatures like squid

(calamares), we'd learn a lot about a whole

terrain of the Earth's surface that remains a

relative mystery to us – the oceans - and we'd

have them carry out tasks (llevar a cabo

tareas) for us deep down in yet another place

where we are not conditioned to survive.

Obviously, there is a link (conexión) between

our power to communicate and our ability to

develop technologies, adapt to different

situations, and above all, survive as a species.

Natural Languages

One of the most important quests (búsqueda)

ever (jamás) undertaken (emprendida) by man

is to try to understand how nature itself works.Moving forward with an unstoppable

momentum provided by the revolution of the

17th century, science is our most important

tool (herramienta) in learning to speak a new

set (conjunto) of languages that will one day

allow us (permitirnos) to do more than just

adapt; we will be able to control.

The languages I mean are, of course, the laws

(las leyes) of nature. They are like the

grammar of a human language, and all physical

objects obey them (les obedecen) - just like the words in this sentence obey cer tain rules

about order and grouping. Unlike what we

can do (a diferencia de lo que podemos

hacer) with the grammar of a human

language, however, we cannot simply change

or disregard the laws of nature as we please.

They are constant and unchanging, and the

task of science is to write the definitive

grammar book and accompanying dictionary.

The trouble is, nature is multilingual. Different

types of physical objects obey different physical,

chemical, and biological laws. This is the reason

why we have the separation between the

natural sciences; a physicist does not need to

be fluent in the laws of biology, just as a

biologist does not need to be fluent in the laws

of physics, and as a result they developed as

two different disciplines. But by speaking to a

physical object in the language it understands,we can do wonderful things with it.

Talking to Nature

It has been known since the 1830s that all living

organisms are built from different kinds of cells

(células), and since the 1950s we have known

that everything about these cells is encoded

(codificado) in their DNA; the instructions in

the genetic code determine exactly what the

cell does. If we could learn this genetic language,

we could play around with the DNA of a cell to try to make it do things of use to us.

It sounds far-fetched (rocambolesco), but it has

already been done. A modified form of the cells

of the e coli bacteria, when fed sugar, produce

100% clean diesel oil! True, it's not the most

useful product we could hope for, but by

unlocking the power of the cell, it is hoped that

genetic engineering like this will enable us to

By Ewan Munro Lecturer in Maths and Physics

LEARNINGNATURE’S

LANGUAGES

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produce chemicals and medicines more

efficiently, cure many illnesses, and grow whole

body parts to replace damaged ones, just to

mention a few possible applications.

Many of the components of cells are of great

interest to us, too. The level of molecular

complexity inside the average cell is astounding

(increíble), with some parts acting as tiny motors,

and others as tiny assemblers that flawlessly

(perfectamente) construct essential proteins. If

we could learn how these microscopic 'devices'

work – how they talk to each other and to other

atoms and molecules – we could make many of our everyday electronic gadgets (chismes /

aparatos) much smaller and more efficient. We

might also be able to develop 'smart drugs'

(medicamentos inteligentes), which would target

damaged cells or tissue without causing harm to

surrounding healthy ones.

Deeper down are atoms and sub-atomic

particles like electrons and protons. These

guys speak a language called quantum

mechanics, which physicists have been

learning for about 80 years or so. Progress has

been good; we can now explain macroscopic

physical properties like shape, colour, and

texture based on the quantum interactions of

microscopic objects like electrons. That's

pretty impressive, but we are probably still

only intermediate-level speakers of this

complex language.

To really be able to perform fancy tricks, we

need to reach the advanced or superior class,

so we can talk to electrons about more

complex issues. You see, nature lets theseobjects behave in ways that bigger things like

footballs, humans, or even cells cannot. If we

learn exactly how nature allows this to

happen, we can join the action and use these

particles to do weird and wonderful things for

us. One highly active line of research is to use

quantum behaviour to perform faster

computations – to build a quantum computer.

Such a machine would leave existing

computers trailing behind like a Formula One

car would a snail, so it is very much in our

interest to develop our knowledge of

quantum theory.

Translating Nature

Modern human civilisation now involves

global issues such as climate change and

economic interdependence on a scale like

never before, and the resolution of the

problems they present us with would beimpossible if people from different countries

could not communicate effectively with each

other. Language is an indispensable tool to

modern man, but as we have seen this does

not just apply to the ability to talk to other

human beings.

Being able to effectively 'communicate' with

fundamental constituents of nature is also an

absolute necessity, if we are to have any

chance of developing the technology we

require to deal with the challenges we face(retos que nos enfrentan). It is the job of

scientists to observe all the different ways

nature expresses itself – all the different

languages it speaks - and then translate them

into terms we can understand.

Translating the laws of nature into English,

Spanish, or any other standard tongue is,

however, pretty lousy and inefficient. Instead

we use a much more powerful alternative –

mathematics. This beautiful and elegant

language will be the subject of next month's

Humanities article.

humanitiesA PASSION FOR LEARNING

23

For more information on the

Humanities program please visit

www.vaughanmaster.com

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


He w a s a v i s io n a r y ;

he s t o od u p f o r

wo me n ’ s r i g h t s a l mo s t

t h ree h u nd red ye a r s a g o.

Era un vi sionario

; de f en dió lo s

dere c ho s de la s m

u jere s ha ce ca si

tre s cien to s año s.

Yo u h a ve to s t a nd u

p

f o r me i n t he mee t i n g i f

t he y s t a r t a t t ac k i n g me.

Me tiene s que re s p

al dar

en la reunión si e

m pie zan

a a ta carme.

H o w c a n y o u s t and u p f o r s o me t hi n g i f y o u d o n ’ t r e a l l y b e l i e v e i n i t ? ¿ C ó m o p u e d e s d e f e n d e r a l g o s i n o c r e e s e n e l l o d e v e r d a d ?

W e ha v e t o s t and u p f o r o u r r i g ht s a n d t he r i g ht s o f a l l w o r k e r s .

T e n e m o s q u e d e f e n d e r n u e s t r o s d e r e c h o s y l o s d e r e c h o s d e t o d o s l o s t r a b a j a d o r e s .

T he n e x t t i me y o u ’ l l ha v e t o s t and u p f o r y o u r l i t t l e b r o t he r .La p r ó x i m

a v e z t e n d r á s q u e d e f e n d e r a t u h e r m a n o p e q u e ñ o .

Do n ’ t be a w u s s !

S t a nd u p f o r yo

u r se l f.

¡No sea s blan den gu

e !

De f ién de te.

To Stand up forDefender(se) / Hacer frente a

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


phrasal verbs

25

I f i nd i t d i f f ic u l t to re ad

te x t me s s a g e s t he se d a y s ; I

h a ve no ide a w h a t a l l t he se

a b b re v i a t io n s s t a

nd f o r.

Me cue s ta leer lo s

S M S de ho y en d

ía;

no ten go ni i dea

de lo que si gni f i c

an

to da s e s ta s abre

via tura s.

I wo n ’ t s t a nd f o r

t h a t k i nd o f l a n g u a g e

i n m y ho u se.

No a dmi to e se ti po de

len gua je en mi ca sa.

I ’ l l v o t e f o r y o u r p a r t y i f y o u c a n e x p l a i n t o me e x a c t l y w ha t i t i s t ha t i t s t and s f o r .T u p a r t i d o t e n d r á m i v o t o s i m e

p u e d e s e x p l i c a r e x a c t a m e n t e q u é e s l o q u e r e p r e s e n t a .

I s i t t r u e t ha t O K s t and s f o r “ Z e r o K i l l e d ” ?

¿ E s c i e r t o q u e O K s i g n i f i c a “ C e r o p e r s o n a s m a t a d a s ” ?

W ha t d o e s “ W T F ” s t and f o r ?

¿ Q u é s i g n i f i c a “ W T F ” ?

I wo n ’ t

s t a nd f o r t h a t !

¡E so no lo a dmi to !

To Stand forSignificar / Representar / Admitir

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


somethingTO CHEW OVER

26

1

1.a. Would you like a toast?

1.b. Would you like one toast?

1.c. Would you like a peace of toast?

1.d. Would you like a slice of toast? 1

2.a. Why we don’t have brunch?

2.b. Why don’t we have blunch?

2.c. Why don’t we have brunch?

2.d. Why we don’t have blunch?

13.a. Can you pass the butter to me?

3.b. Can you pass me the butter?

3.c. Can you pass to me the butter?

3.d. Can you to pass the butter to me?

14.a. Sorry! The toast’s a bit burnt on the edges.

4.b. Sorry! The toast’s a bit burnt in the edges.

4.c. Sorry! The toast’s a bit burnt in the borders.

4.d. Sorry! The toast’s a bit burnt on the border.

15.a. Quick! We’re going to be late!

5.b. Quickly! We’re going to arrive late!

5.c. Quick! We’re going to get there lately!

5.d. Quickly! We’re going to get late!

16.a. I’ve still got to brush me the teeth.

6.b. I’ve got still to wash me the teeth.

6.c. I still have got to wash my teeth.

6.d. I’ve still got to brush my teeth.

17.a. Have you seen my scarf anywhere about?

7.b. Have you seen my scarf in any place?

7.c. Have you seen my scarf at any place?

7.d. Have you seen my scarf by anywhere?

18.a. Did you padlock the house?

8.b. Did you locker the front door?

8.c. Did you lock the front door?

8.d. Did you padlock the main door?

¡Algo para pensar!

Abajo encontrarás una serie de frases. Sólo una es correcta en cada caso, bien sea por razones gramaticales o por el contexto.

Piensa la respuesta muy bien antes de contestar y piensa el porqué de la respuesta correcta y de las incorrectas. Como

siempre, las respuestas vienen en la página 28 con sus correspondientes explicaciones.

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


answersSOMETHING TO CHEW OVER

28

Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometenlos españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina conangloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar desitio) ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove

the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat” . En cuantoa “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.



En inglés “toast” no es contable por lo que solemosreferirnos a “some toast” o “a slice of toast” . Se puede también decir “a piece of toast” pero no “a peace of toast”

(“¡una paz de tostada!” ).

1. D





Preguntas en negativo. ¡Ya lo sabes! “Dont” siempre ha depreceder al sujeto en estos casos. Por otro lado “brunch” escomo un desayuno muy fuerte que se toma a mediamañana para prescindir tanto del desayuno como delalmuerzo. Se emplea ya como término en el castellano.

2. C





¡Facilísimo! La estructura aquí es exactamente la misma queen español en el imperativo: “pass someone something” .

3. B





“El borde” de algo siempre es “the edge” y nunca “the

border” que signfica “frontera” . Empleamos la preposición“on” y a veces “at” con la palabra “edge” pero nunca “in” .

4. A





A la hora de decirle a alguien “¡Rápido!” no hay diferenciaentre “Quick!” y “Quickly!” Normalmente “llegar tarde” sedice “to be late” . Sólo empleamos el verbo “arrive” simencionamos el destino (al igual que ocurre con “get” , unverbo que empleamos más a menudo que “arrive” ). Por otro lado, “lately” significa “últimamente” por lo que noviene a caso aquí.

5. A





En inglés no podemos decir “to wash your teeth” . Fíjate queempleamos el adjetivo posesivo como suele ocurrir alreferirnos a las diferentes partes del cuerpo humano. Eladverbio “still” se coloca inmediatamente después delverbo auxiliar (“have” en este caso).

6. D





La forma más habitual de decir “en algún sitio” dentro deun contexto en el interrogativo es “anywhere about” . Lasdemás opciones no tienen sentido en inglés.

7. A





El verbo “to padlock” significa “cerrar con candado” , algoque nadie (o casi nadie) hace. “Locker” no es un verbo sinoun sustantivo que significa “taquilla” . Por otro lado,podemos decir tanto “to lock the house” como “to lock the

front door” . “Main door” sólo se emplearía para referirnos ala puerta principal de un edificio que no fuera un hogar.

8. C

Aquí tienes las respuestas al reto que te propusimos en la página 26. La idea no es sólo acertar, sino también sacar provecho de las respuestas erróneas que, en muchos casos, son errores típicos.

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


How about going to the supermarket?

How about asking the boss for his opinion?

How about sending a thank you letter?

How about arranging a meeting?

How about meeting in Pontevedra?

How about trying to raise more money?

How about bringing in some new blood?

How about organizing a press conference?

How about throwing a party?

How about taking a taxi instead of the train?

How about making a surprise visit?

How about building a bridge?

How about setting up a committee?

How about getting in contact with head office?

How about cutting the advertising budget?

How about commissioning a report?

You want to go to the supermarket.

You want to ask the boss for his opinion.

You want to send a thank you letter.

You want to arrange a meeting.

You want to meet in Pontevedra.

You want to try to raise more money.

You want to bring in some new blood.

You want to organize a press conference.

You want to throw a party.

You want to take a taxi instead of the train.

You want to make a surprise visit.

You want to build a bridge.

You want to set up a committee.

You want to get in contact with head office.

You want to cut the advertising budget.

You want to commission a report.

masteringTHE INTERROGATIVE 54

30

Often, when we make a suggestion, we use the structure:

“How about + -ing...?” Read the left-hand column and make asuggestion with “How about...?” according to what it says you

want to do.

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


elision fields

31

‘ÍNTAZA’ Yet another look at the way we slide one word into another creating “new words” which soundunintelligible to a Spaniard. For example, when we say “itsa” we are actually using three words you knowperfectly well - it + is + a. It is essential to learn these “new words” as it will help your understanding of thespoken language enormously. Recognizing these contractions or, in some cases, elisions, represents the key toreaching a better understanding of English as spoken by native speakers. It is the key to “English Paradise”.Don’t forget that the “Elision Fields” are right before the “Elysian Fields”.

In last month’s Elision Fields we looked at the way we pronounce “out of the” (aúdoza). Now we’re going to look at theopposite expression “into the” (íntaza).

L a p á g i n a q u e t e a y u d a c o n l a c o m p r e n s i ó n

Get ÍNTAZA car, will you!Entra en el coche ¿quieres?

Get into the car, will you!

Put the glasses ÍNTAZA box carefully.Pon los vasos en la caja con cuidado.

Put the glasses into the box carefully.

They didn’t let him ÍNTAZA restaurant.No le dejaron entrar en el restaurante.

They didn’t let him into the restaurant.

He scored 5 minutes ÍNTAZA match. Marcó a los 5 minutos de empezar el partido.

He scored 5 minutes into the match.

Who pushed you ÍNTAZA pool? ¿Quién te tiró a la piscina?

Who pushed you into the pool?

The party lasted well ÍNTAZA the night.La fiesta duró hasta las tantas.

The party lasted well into the night.

He eventually got ÍNTAZA office at 11 am.Finalmente llegó a la oficina a las 11 a.m.

He eventually got into the office at 11 am.

I can’t get ÍNTAZA building! ¡No puedo entrar en el edificio!

I can’t get into the building!

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


translation list

34

1. Cancélalo. 1. Cancel it.

2. Cámbialo por otro. 2. Change it for another (one).3. No lo limpies con eso. 3. Don’t clean it with that.

4. No los cubras. 4. Don’t cover them.

5. No llores tanto. 5. Don’t cry so much.

6. Disfruta con ello. 6. Enjoy it.

7. Explica todo. 7. Explain everything.

8. No les mates. 8. Don’t kill them.

9. No me mientas. 9. Don’t lie to me.

10. Muévelo al otro lado del cuarto. 10. Move it to the other side of the room.

C o n s i g u e t u

T r a n s l a t i o n

B o o k l e t

Ponte a prueba. Tapa la columna derecha con un papel y traduce al

inglés las frases en español. Comprobarás que tu nivel mejora a medidaque avanzas en la lista. Incluimos dos listas para diferentes niveles.

Nivel Principiante (LISTA 19)

1. El ciego me llevó al quiosco. 1. The blind man took me to the news-stand.

2. Le pregunté si quería que le comprara una revista. 2. I asked him if he wanted me to buy him a magazine .

3. Él me recordó que era ciego. 3. He reminded me that he was blind.

4. Deja de molestarme. 4. Stop bothering me.

5. No entendía ni una palabra. 5. I didn’t understand a single word.

6. Hablaba como si tuviera canicas en la boca. 6. He talked as if he had marbles in his mouth.

7. Le pedí que hablara más despacio. 7. I asked him to speak more slowly.

8. No me hizo caso. 8. He ignored me.

9. Me fui de la reunión. 9. I left the meeting.

10. Eres un caso perdido. 10. You’re a lost case.

Nivel Avanzado (LISTA 19)

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


creepy corner

35

L a p á g i n a d e

l o s

e r r o r e s m á s

c o m u n e s y m

á s

h o r r i b l e s

El TERRIBLE... “all THE day”

Para referirnos a “todo el día” en inglés decimos literalmente “todo día”. Lo mismo

sucede con las expresiones “toda la semana”, “todo el mes”, “todo el año”, etc. En

todos estos casos omitimos el artículo “the” y por tanto decimos: “all week”, “all

month”, “all year”, pero nunca “all the week”, “all the month”, “all the year”. ¡No lo olvides!

El bebé estuvo llorando toda la mañana. The baby was crying all morning.

Cuando estuvimos en Estambul mi maridoestuvo toda la semana haciendo fotos.

When we were in Istanbul my husbandwas taking photos all week .

Ella se pasó todo el día hablandopor teléfono con sus amigas.

She was on the phone all day talking to her friends.

Estuvimos todo el mes buscando un sitio para alquilar. We were looking for a place to rent all month.

Se quedaron todo el fin de semana con sus vecinosporque les estaban pintando la casa.

They stayed with their neighbours all weekend because they were having their house painted.

Cuando viví en Inglaterra recuerdoque llovió todo el año.

When I lived in England I remember it rained all year.

Cuando fue a Galicia comió marisco todo el mes. When he went to Galicia he ate shellfish all month.

Tuvo que trabajar todo el fin de semanapara terminar el informe a tiempo. She had to work all weekend to finish the report on time.

La última vez que tuvo gripe se pasótoda la semana en la cama.

When she last had the flu she spent all week in bed.

Ayer estuve todo el día mirando por la ventana. Yesterday I was looking out of the window all day.

7/16/2019 Vaughan Review - 200912


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Vaughan Review - 200912