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Church History Timeline
C. 30 Jesus’ life, death, and
resurrection
Pentecost
Council Of
Jerusalem C. 50
Edict of Milan
313
Council of Nicaea
325
Age of Martyrs 37-312
Council of Constantinople
381
Council of Ephesus
431
The Great Schism
1054
The Protestant Reformation
1517
-Crusades -Inquisition
-Papal Schism C.1000-1500
The Enlightenment 1637
Fall of Rome
476
Vatican I 1869
Council of
Trent 1543
The Orthodox Church Begins
33,000 different denominations
Council of hippo
393
The “dark” ages500-1000
Vatican I 1869-1970• Vatican I was called in response to
how the Church was affected by the enlightenment and modern ideas – 1st council with American
Bishops • Goals of the Council
– Restate the faith which has been attacked by modernism
– Identify the relationship between Church and new forms of state government
– Explain the nature and structure of the Church
Vatican I 1869-1970
• Dei Filius – There is God-given objective
truth – The existence of God can be
known through reason alone – Faith and reason are
complementary
Vatican I 1869-1970• The Council is mostly known for
defining papal infallibility • Papal Infallibility – (1) has to teach ex cathedra, that is, as the successor of St. Peter (2) has to be a matter of faith and morals (3) has to be declared as binding
The Changing Times• The later part of the 19th century show
a world dealing with the rise of new and problematic things.
• Social theories such as Communism and Socialism begin
• Friedrich Nietzsche and his philosophical nihilism become extremely popular in Europe.
• The Industrial revolution begins and the world has to wrestle with questions of workers rights.
Pope Leo XIII• Main objective was to reach out to the modern world
– Many believed that Europe moved so far from its Christian roots that the Church should give up on public affairs
– Leo addressed the many social and economic problems that went along with the industrial revolution, socialism, and communism
– Wrote the prayer to St. Michael • Rerum Novarum – (On Capital and Labor 1891) first major
social encyclical – Socialism – He exposed socialism as an attack on human
freedom and dignity – Labor unions – workers have a right to join together and
strike if necessary – Family – man precedes the state and the family is the
foundation of society – Rights of workers – just wage for family, rights to work
and safety
Pope St. Pius X• Giuseppe Sarto wanted to be a simple parish
priest – Very dedicated to his duties and teaching
• Papacy – Motto – “To restore all things in Christ” – Liturgy – Called for the reception of Holy
Communion for children and revised the Liturgy of Hours
– Catechesis – he established the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine (CCD)
– Canon Law – organized the various laws of the Church
– Modernism – calls modernism the “synthesis of all heresies” and requires an oath of all theology professors
– Scripture – supported the renewal of biblical studies
Church History Timeline
C. 30 Jesus’ life, death, and
resurrection
Pentecost
Council Of
Jerusalem C. 50
Edict of Milan
313
Council of Nicaea
325
Age of Martyrs 37-312
Council of Constantinople
381
Council of Ephesus
431
The Great Schism
1054
The Protestant Reformation
1517
-Crusades -Inquisition
-Papal Schism C.1000-1500
The Enlightenment 1637
Fall of Rome
476
Vatican I 1869
Council of
Trent 1543
Vatican II 1962
The Orthodox Church Begins
33,000 different denominations
Council of hippo
393
The “dark” ages500-1000
Vatican II 1962-1965• There were a total of 4 sessions
– Just less than 3,000 bishops attended this council
• Many separated brothers and sisters from the Eastern Church and various protestant denominations were invited – They attended as observers
• This council was widely covered by the news media
• It focused on: – Nature of the Church – Role of the bishop – Renewal of the Church – Ecumenism - an effort to restore unity
among Christians – Dialogue with the modern world
Vatican II• 4 major constitutions
– Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy – renewal in liturgical life especially among the laity, called for Latin and vernacular, new form of the Mass (This is the common Mass in America today, the Novus Ordo)
– Dogmatic Constitution on the Church – focused on the nature and mission of the Church
– Dogmatic Constitution on Revelation – discusses how God revealed himself through tradition and scripture
– Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World – describes the role of the Church and the conditions of the modern world
Implementation of Vatican II
• Implementation of the Council – The effectiveness of a council depends on how it is
implemented – Those who were at the council clearly saw it as a work of
the Holy Spirit – JPII said it was a “gift of the Spirit to the Church”
• Some used the council to further their own agenda – They talk about the “spirit” of Vatican II – Some leaders began to do whatever they wanted with the
liturgy and doctrine – This led to various misunderstandings of the Council
Pope St. Paul VI• Shortly after the calling of the Council, Pope
John XXIII died and Paul VI was elected – He approved the 16 documents of Vatican II
• He worked diligently to curb the false interpretation of the council
• Humanae Vitae (1968) – In this encyclical he defended the Church's
teaching on marriage and family – He illustrated through faith and reason
why contraception is immoral: it breaks the unitive and procreative meaning of marital love
– He also speaks about responsible parenthood