EvEry yEar, this tEam

handlEs approximatEly

25,000 outpatiEnt visits

and pErforms ovEr

3,000 invasivE

and 15,000 non-

invasivE tEsts,

1500 Endovascular

intErvEntions, and

1200 cardiovascular

surgical procEdurEs.

Why choose city clinicfocus on patient care

the development of demand-driven care has led to the estab-lishment of a cardiovascular center offering multidisciplinary treatment. patient care is structured around specific disease groups, resulting in integrated care and tailor-made reatment. this ensures state-of-the-art and effi cient care by a team of professionals offering patient support before, during, and af-ter treatment.

in cardio vascular center at city clinic sofia, Bulgaria doctors research new factors and develop new methods for the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of people with cardiovas-cular disease. doctors assess your cardiovascular risk and de-velop a personalized risk assessment plan for you based on your test results.

city clinic sofia is ranked among the Best hospitals in heart and heart surgery in Bulgaria and the region.

w w w . c i t y c l i n i c . b g

©syreia

desig

n

Sofia, Bulgaria 127 Okolovrasten pat Str.

For appointment and information: +359 0 700 13 127

E-mail: office@cityclinic.bg www.facebook.com/cityclinic.bg

s o f i a , B u l g a r i a

cardiovascular center

Successfully Treating Thousands of Patients Every Year City Clinics’s award-winning cardiac and vascular teams provide multi-disciplinary care for patients throughout their care. The team consists of endovascular specialists, invasive cardiologists, electro-physiologists, angiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiovascu-lar surgeons, nurse practitioners, cardiac nurses, and pharmacists.

The Cardio Vascular Center (CVC) aims to provide excellence in car-diovascular patient care. We focus not only on treatment and cure, but also on prevention. Last but not least, we recognize that our staff ’s individual talents, diversity, innovative power, creativity, and dedication are the key factors to our strength and success.

City Clinic Sofia uses many types of advanced nonsurgical diagnos-tic tests to determine whether a patient has heart, vascular and/or peripheral vascular disease, and to see how the disease is pro-gressing.

Each patient’s treatment plan is developed for his or her individual needs and may include nonsurgical medical management, mini-mally invasive endovascular procedures or surgery.

EaCh YEar

CardioVaSCuLar diSEaSE

(CVd) CauSES oVEr

4 miLL ion dEaThS in EuroPE and oVEr

1.9 miLLion dEaThS in ThE EuroPEan union (Eu).

CVD CauSES 47% of aLL dEaThS in EuroPE and 40% in ThE Eu.

SuCCESSfuLLY TrEaTing

ThouSandS of PaTiEnTS

EVErY YEar

Cardio Vascular Center: excellence in patient careWhile the introduction of thrombolytic therapy, heart surgery, and vascular intervention techniques have been increasingly success-ful in treating cardiovascular diseases, they remain the leading cause of death (64%) in Bulgaria and the Western world. in 2006, more than 1.9 million people died of cardiovascular disease in Europe. While emphasis in the past decades has been mainly on treatment, recent years have been seen a paradigm shift towards prevention and early diagnosis. for this reason the Cardio Vascu-lar Center in

City Clinic Sofia whose focus is on basic disease mechanisms as well as on early diagnosis and individual risk stratification of car-diovascular diseases allows faster translation of new research con-cepts into clinical practice. We have opted for four focal areas in the domain of cardiovascular diseases: unstable atherosclerotic plaques and arterial thrombosis; heart failure and atrial fibrilla-tion; obesity and/or diabetes as the interconnecting risk profile. These choices were based on the already existing basic and clinical research knowledge and its clinical importance. This is the focus of the increasing current cardiovascular research in CVC in City Clinic in order to better serve the patient.

TSanKo gaLaBoV, mdCardiaC SurgErY dEParTmEnT ChiEf

European association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgerymember of the Bulgarian association of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery

TeamThe greatest advantage of Cardio Vascular Center in City Clinic is the qualified and dedicated personnel, who have specialized in various European, Latin and north american university hospitals. all of our department’s doctors are active mem-bers of European and world health organizations and annually participate in sym-posiums and congresses and deliver their own presentations around the world, and have publications in the national and international medical journals and press. This gives our center the confidence and is the proof that every single patient who seeks our help can be served complying with European standards of patient diag-nostics and treatments. We also had affiliation with harvard medical School and close partnership with arizona heart institute, uSa.

Prof. iVo PETroV, md, PhdCardio VaSCuLar CEnTEr ChiEf

member of Board of directors of iSES (international Society of Endovascular Specialists)President of the Bulgarian Society of CardiologyPresident of the Bulgarian Society for Endovascular Therapyfellow of american College of Cardiologyfellow of European Society of Cardiologymember of the Spanish association of Cardiologymember of the Latin american association of interventional Cardiologists

Prof. LaChEZar PEnEV,md, PhddiagnoSTiC imaging dEParTmEnT ChiEf

President of Bulgarian neuroradiology SocietyCertified neuroradiologiest by European Society of neuroradiologymember of the European Society of neuroradiology member of the national delegate Council at European Society of neuroradiology member of the Bulgarian Society of radiology

STEfan STEfanoV, mdVaSCuLar SurgErY dEParTmEnT ChiEf

member of the European Society for Vascular Surgery member of the Bulgarian association of Vascular Surgeonsmember of the Bulgarian association of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery member of the Bulgarian association of Phlebology

hriSTo SToYanoV, mdinTEnSiVE CarE uniT ChiEf

member of the European Society of anesthesiologymember of the Bulgarian Society of anesthesiology

VaLEnTin diKoV, mdChairman diViSion of SurgErY

fellow of the European association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery member of the german Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgerySurgery

Prof. LaChEZar groZdinSKi, md, Phd angioLogY and PhLEBoLogY dEParTmEnT ChiEf

President of the Bulgarian association of PhlebologyChairman of the national Commission of ultrasound Vascular diagnosticmember of Board of the Bulgarian Society for Endovascular TherapyEditor of the Bulgarian angiology and Phlebology magazine

KoSTadin KiChuKoV, md, PhdinTErVEnTionaL CardioLogY dEParTmEnT ChiEf

member of the European Society of Cardiologymember of the European association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular interventions member of the Bulgarian Society of Cardiologymember of the Bulgarian Society for Endovascular Therapy

Vascular and Peripheral Vascular disease

Cardiac and Vascular CenterCity Clinic’s Cardio Vascular Center is continuously looking for ways to adapt to the changing patient demands and markets in our inter-national region. The Center is characterized by a unique mix of spe-cialists involved in vascular diseases: cardiologists, vascular special-ists, angiologists, radiologists, neurologists, cardiothoracic surgeons. all medical doctors, nurses and laboratory technicians from these departments are now officially represented in the CVC, which con-sists of 200 employees. Every year, this team handles approximate-ly 25,000 outpatient visits and performs over 3,000 invasive and 15,000 non-invasive tests, 1500 endovascular interventions, and 1200 cardiovascular surgical procedures. The CVC serves as a plat-form that offers well-organized, multidisciplinary top referral care. With this integrated organization, the Cardio Vascular Center in City Clinic strives to be an international reference institute for cardiovas-cular diseases, focused on patient care

The development of demand-driven care has led to the establish-ment of a cardiovascular center offering multidisciplinary treatment. Patient care is structured around specific disease groups, resulting in integrated care and tailored treatment. This ensures state-of-the-art and efficient care by a team of professionals offering patient sup-port before, during, and after treatment.

STaTE-of-ThE-arT

diagnoSTiC and

ComPrEhEnSiVE

TrEaTmEnT for PaTiEnTS

WiTh PEriPhEraL arTEriaL

diSEaSE

as a part of Cardio Vascular Center we have developed a unique diagnostic unit consisting of leading specialist in the field of angi-ology and phlebology. We provide wide range of diagnostics and endovascular and surgical treatment of all diseases of the arterial vessels – peripheral, abdominal, thoracic and visceral, as well as venous pathologies.

most tests for vascular and peripheral vascular disease do not require surgery. These tests and evaluations for vascular disease include:

Echo - ultrasound (doppler Sonography)

Carotid and arch vascular exams

upper and lower extremity arterial exams

upper and lower extremity venous exams

128 Slices Computed tomography angiography (CTa)

3 Tesla magnetic resonance angiography (mra)

ComPuTEd TomograPhY

angiograPhY (CTa) iS a

ComPuTEd TomograPhY

TEChniquE uSEd To

ViSuaLiZE arTEriaL and

VEnouS VESSELS

ThroughouT ThE BodY.

1

2

3

Peripheral arterial diseasePeripheral arterial disease (Pad) refers to diseas-es of the blood vessels outside the heart and brain. in patients with Pad, the arteries that car-ry blood to the arms, legs, stomach or kidneys become narrowed or clogged, interfering with normal blood flow.

Specialists in endovascular surgery at CVC in City Clinic offer state-of-the-art diagnosis and com-prehensive treatment for patients with periph-eral arterial disease. in our superb facilities, vas-cular specialists develop and use new, minimal-ly invasive endovascular procedures that support excellent outcomes and rapid recovery.

in Cardio Vascular Center’s efficient system, en-dovascular and vascular specialists work closely with other specialists to provide the most appro-priate treatment for patients with peripheral ar-terial disease.

Diagnosis

Early symptoms of peripheral arterial disease may include cramping or fatigue in the legs and buttocks during activity. Cramping stops when the activity stops. as Pad progresses, symptoms may include pain in the feet or toes during rest, vascular ulcers and blackened tissue.

The most common cause of peripheral arterial disease is atherosclerosis (hardening of the ar-teries). Pad may also be caused by blood clots that lodge in the arteries and restrict blood flow.

at Cardiology and angiology department in City Clinic, physicians conduct a complete physical examination and medical history for patients with symptoms of peripheral arterial disease. Various tests may also be used to confirm a di-agnosis of Pad, including computed tomography angiography (CTa), magnetic resonance angiog-raphy (mra) and arteriography.

Treatment Options

at City Clinic, highly skilled and experienced medical experts in endovascular interventions work together to provide the best possible treat-ment for patients with peripheral arterial dis-ease. Patients with Pad benefit from City Clinic’s state-of-the-art facilities, access to new scientific developments, and opportunities to participate in clinical trials of new techniques, drugs and in-terventions.

WE PErform EffECTiVE

rEVaSCuLariZaTion of

ThE iLiaC and fEmoraL

STEnoSiS/ThromBoSiS

and of rEnaL and

mESEnTEriC arTEriES.

our TEChniCaL SuCCESS

raTE iS ComParaBLE

WiTh ThE highEST WorLd

STandardS.

aneurysmsdilated blood vessels (aneurysms) can appear in any artery of the human body, but they most commonly affect the aorta. if the diameter of an artery increases, the risk of rupture also increases and the aneurysm becomes life-threatening. Treat-ment aims to exclude the aneurysm by means of an open surgical procedure or endoprosthesis implantation. if the an-eurysm involves important side branches, such as arteries to the brain, liver, intestines, or kidneys, the procedure becomes more complex. The CVC at City Clinic acts as a referral insti-tute for these complex aortic diseases, both nationally and internationally. Basic research focuses on the effects of organ perfusion during endovascular procedures or surgery and the development of new, minimally invasive techniques to treat aneurysms with side branches. We recently have started pro-gram for implantation of high tack multilayer stent and flow diverters in peripheral and cerebral aneurysms.

Carotid artery diseaseCity Clinic specialists part of Cardio Vascular Center treat average of 150 patients with carotid artery disease every year, using endovas-cular procedures to clear blockages. usually within just a few days, patients with carotid artery disease can consult with City Clinic’s experienced and highly trained specialists and undergo all neces-sary tests and treatment. What might take months to accomplish in other settings can be done in days in City Clinic’s efficient system.

in City Clinic’s Cardio Vascular Center specialists in Cardiovascular diseases, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, neurology, neuro-surgery, radiology, Cardiac Surgery work as a team to diagnose carotid artery disease and determine the most appropriate treat-ment for each patient.

Diagnostic

City Clinic has many diagnostic tools to help clarify and confirm abnormal findings. Carotid ultrasound (doppler sonography), computed tomography (128 Slices CT) angiography of the neck, and magnetic resonance angiography (3Tesla mra) are the most common tools used to determine if there is significant narrowing of the carotid arteries.

Treatment

City Clinic physicians evaluate patients who have a narrowing of the carotid arteries to determine if revascularization (repair of the artery) would be beneficial. revascularization options include ca-rotid endarterectomy (CEa) or a less-invasive procedure, carotid angioplasty and stenting (CaS).

About Carotid Artery Disease

Blood carries nutrients and oxygen to the brain through four main arteries: the right carotid, left carotid, right vertebral and left ver-tebral. The carotid arteries travel between the heart and the brain in the front of the neck. They carry blood to the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for most of a person’s day-to-day functioning. atherosclerosis (also known as hardening of the arteries) occurs when arteries become clogged with fatty deposits. These depos-its can severely restrict blood from getting to the brain, or a piece of the atherosclerosis may break off in the bloodstream blood and lodge in an artery “downstream” in the brain. a stroke can occur from either situation.

our CVC TEam haS

PErformEd morE

Than 1000 CaroTid

rEVaSCuLariZaTion

ProCEdurES. our EarLY

rESuLTS ShoW LESS Than

1% ComPLiCaTionS,

WhiCh maKES our

TEChniCaL SuCCESS raTE

onE of ThE highEST in

EuroPE.

heart disease our CVC delivers preventive care, diagnostics, medi-cal therapies and therapeutic procedures for all types of heart disease.

diagnostic tests and evaluations for heart disease include:

angiography

Echocardiography

Cardiac calcium scoring

Cardiac catheterization

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (mri)

Pharmacological stress test

Computerized tomography (CT) scan

Electrophysiology test

Electrophysiology study

Event recorder

Exercise stress test

holter monitor

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

STaTE-of-ThE-arT

diagnoSTiC and

ComPrEhEnSiVE

TrEaTmEnT for

PaTiEnTS WiTh CoronarY

arTErY diSEaSE

WE PErform annuaLLY

morE Than 2500

EndoVaSCuLar ProCEdurES

of ThE CoronarY VESSELS.

addiTionaLLY To STandard

CoronarY PaThoLogY

SuCh aS onE and TWo

VESSEL diSEaSE in our

Cardio VaSCuLar CEnTEr

WE arE dEdiCaTEd To muCh

morE ComPLiCaTEd and

ChaLLEnging PaThoLogiES

LiKE: ChroniC ToTaL

oCCLuSionS, LEfT main

CoronarY arTErY diSEaSE,

BifurCaTionaL CoronarY

LESionS.

Coronary artery diseaseCoronary artery disease (Cad) is a narrowing of the arter-ies to the heart that decreases blood flow. a gradual build-up of material (plaque) inside the arteries (atherosclerosis) causes Cad.

reduced blood supply to your heart in coronary artery dis-ease may cause you to have shortness of breath, chest pain or a heart attack. Coronary artery disease affects many men and women worldwide, usually in older age. Cad is a major cause of death and disability.

The CVC in City Clinic has an extensive PCi program that includes advanced intra-coronary interventions like coated stent placement, thrombaspiration, and primary stenting for patients with an acute myocardial infarction. in the case of a severe infarct with low blood pressure and shock, tem-porary support of the circulation with iaBP is performed together with thoracic surgery. recently we have devel-oped one of the largest programs for coronary screening including CT-angiography, which replaces conventional an-giography in many patients. CVC applies the cutting edge technologies such as – ffr (fractional flow reserve) and oCT (optical coherence tomography) for precise functional and morphological diagnostic before and after procedures.

The endovascular therapy and surgery, which the Cardio Vascular Center at City Clinic performs, has high success rate (above 99%) and low complication rate (under 1%).

Cardiac arrhythmiasarrhythmias are among the major causes of pa-tient discomfort and reduced quality of life with some of them being life-threatening. among the numerous arrhythmias atrial fibrillation rep-resents a huge healthcare issue. it is the most common arrhythmia in humans and is character-ized by ‘chaotic’ electrical activation of the atria. Therefore the blood flow through the atria is im-paired which might lead to formation of blood clots in the atria. These clots or pieces of them can dislodge from the atria and carried by the blood might lead to occlusion of important large vessels in the brain, extremities or elsewhere.

The CVC at City Clinic can provide a high-level arrhythmia service. along with the routine as-sessment of an arrhythmia patient that includes standard ECg, holter monitoring and echocar-diography we can offer a wide range of invasive electrophysiology diagnostic procedures.

apart from the standard medical therapy, many arrhythmias are amenable to catheter abla-tion. This method uses by a special catheter in-troduced into the heart from a tiny hole in the groin. By creating tiny burns in the heart tissue

exactly at the spot that initiates and maintains the arrhythmia this method allows for a com-plete cure of many types of arrhythmias includ-ing atrial fibrillation.

Catheter ablation procedures carried out at the Cardiovascular Center at City Clinic – Sofia have a high success rate (more than 95%) with a very low complication rates – less than 1%.

implantation of pacemakers, cardiac resynchro-nization therapy (CrT) devices and cardiovert-er-defibrillators (iCd) is also carried out at the CVC with a high success rate and with minimal risk for complications. These implantable de-vices are needed in patients with a slow heart-beat, in some cases of heart failure (in the case of CrT) and in patients with life-threatening ar-rhythmias.

The team of the department of electrophysiolo-gy consists of physicians with a huge experience and knowledge in the field of invasive electro-physiology and cardiac pacing. The members of the team are certified by the European heart rhythm association.

Cardiac Surgery focusoffering the best possible care to patients undergoing cardiac sur-gery starts with organizing all care activities around a single con-cept. facilitating optimal care using short stay strategies is a reor-ganization program focused on quality control and improvement. quality is the product not only of the surgical intervention, but also preoperative, postoperative care, rehabilitation, and second-ary prevention programs. Coordinating the work of all the profes-sionals involved in these various activities is a great challenge. The structure of the CVC at City Clinic, however, offers the unique op-portunity to bring together these individual professionals in one organization, creating a dedicated team with one single program and one common mission. The cardiac surgery teams of CVC per-formed the full range of cardiac surgical interventions for adults. heart surgery is considered the most invasive of all forms of sur-gery. The CVC physicians, however, believe this is set to change. The unique collaboration between intervention cardiologists and surgeons aiming to combine their most successful techniques en-sures that patients receive better treatment, with fewer operative traumas. The procedures are carried out in what is called an ‘endo-suite’ or ‘hybrid room,’ combining advanced online imaging with the possibilities offered by an or. Patients to benefit from this new approach will mainly consist of people suffering from cardiac arrhythmia, heart valve diseases and coronary artery problems.

ThE uniquE CoLLaBoraTion

BETWEEn inTErVEnTionaL

CardioLogiSTS and

SurgEonS aiming To

ComBinE ThEir moST

SuCCESSfuL TEChniquES

EnSurES ThaT PaTiEnTS

rECEiVE ComPrEhEnSiVE

TrEaTmEnT.

neurovascular diseasesmultifocal atherosclerosis (mfa) our doctors developed a unique scientific program for treatment of neurodegenerative vascular diseases - mS, aLS, Parkinson’s, alzheimer’s and others. in which we will perform endovascular treatment of CCSVi and autologous selective implantation of stem cells, as apart of major clinical study.

We conduct combined therapy - endovascular and stem cells treat-ment in patients with CCSVi and mS, aLS and Parkinson and al-zheimer diseases. The endovascular therapy removes one of the basic ethiopathogenetic mechanism - CCSVi, while the stem cells therapy helps the regeneration of the neurons and has an immune modulating effect.

We are applying the stem cell by means of supraselective intra-arterial infusion in the carotid and vertebral arteries and intrave-nous- in the jugular and azygos vein. The benefit of this kind of application is the higher concentration of the mSC (stem cells) in the damaged organ as well as lowering the risk of uncontrolled spreading of the undifferentiated cells in the organism.

The stem cell treatment can be conducted individually in patients that have already been treated with CCSVi (Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous insufficiency) or in patients that do not have CCSVi (for ex-ample alzheimer disease), as a combo treatment.

The extraction of autologous mSC is performed through extracting of fat tissue from the patients. after the extraction the stem cells are selected with a special machine. They are filtrated and im-planted at the same time, so that is why this process is defined as one procedure autologous stem cells treatment.

our ExPEriEnCE in 1200

PaTiEnTS ShoWS

CLiniCaL imProVEmEnT in

morE Than 60%

of PaTiEnTS.

Early and Express Diagnostics and Treatment Centeratherosclerosis is a multifocal process which de-velops simultaneously and/or consecutively ef-fecting different vascular systems including the coronary (heart), carotid (brain), peripheral arter-ies (upper and lower limbs), visceral arteries and abdominal aorta (intestines, kidneys, internal or-gans). in more than 50% of cases, atherosclerosis develops completely asymptomatic or only with discrete or unnoticeable symptoms. as a result, often atherosclerosis’s first expression is very un-expected and strikes in the form of acute arterial thrombosis causing ischemia (lack of blood sup-ply) and/or infarction (death of organs and tis-sue) of heart muscle, brain tissues, intestines, kid-neys or even causing gangrene. if a patient sur-vives the thrombosis with the help of intensive medical treatment, the affected organs may sus-tain permanent damage leading to different de-grees of disability compromising a person’s qual-ity of life.

our multifocal atherosclerosis Early Express diag-nostics and Treatment Center specialists are fo-cused upon diagnosing the hidden asymptomat-ic forms of atherosclerosis to effectively manage the disease and prevent serious complications.

Typically patients with peripheral arterial ath-erosclerosis often have myocardial infarctions or strokes. These facts clearly indicate that the ath-erosclerotic process develops multifocally and should be treated as such.

our complex approach is based upon ultrasound diagnostics, which has proven excellent capabili-ties for the early detection and the mass screen-ing of the asymptomatic forms of peripheral, ab-dominal and carotid atherosclerosis. our center provides comprehensive Color Echodoppler and doppler sonography exams for the entire vascular system in approximately 20-30 minutes, during which we fully examine and diagnose atheroscle-rosis in its earliest stages to detect changes or ab-normalities in the vessel walls with a precision of 1/10th of a millimeter. With our early and com-prehensive atherosclerosis detection, we can pro-vide early stage endovascular treatments, which are most effective to prevent severe health prob-lems including myocardial infarctions, strokes, and gangrene cases.

in oVEr 50% of CaSES,

aThEroSCLEroSiS dEVELoPS

ComPLETELY aSYmPTomaTiC

or onLY WiTh diSCrETE or

unnoTiCEaBLE SYmPTomS.

in our CVC at City Clinic we focus also on diagnosing and treat-ing Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous insufficiency (CCSVi), based upon the recently discovered connection with migraine, multiple Sclero-sis (mS), aLS and Parkinson disease. We implement both leading methodologies in contemporary phlebology (veins science) and endovascular innovations to effectively diagnose and treat CCSVi, which has great potential to improve the quality of life of these pa-tients. We have performed more than 1200 procedures so far and we are considered as leading world center for treating this type of venous pathology. We developed specialized protocols to diagnose and assess CCSVi, which includes 3 basic procedures: Color Echo doppler testing (a non-invasive examination), mri CT phlebogra-phy (a non-invasive examination), and direct invasive venography. The invasive venography is the gold standard to conclusively di-agnose and precisely locate venous stenosis or blockages, which lead to CCSVi and then perform endovascular treatment.

our post treatment resultst after 12 months show average of 60% clinical improvement with withhold of the disease progression. We do not have any severe complication due to endovascular pro-cedure.

our previous experience in treatment of different peripheral venous pathology such as may-Thurner Syndrome (iliac vein com-pression), vena cava superior syndrome, iliofemoral vein stent-ing in case of total occlusion/thrombosis help us treat effectively cerebrospinal veins also.

Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous insufficiency (CCSVi) diagnostics and Treatment

successfully treating thousands of patients Every year city clinics’s award-winning cardiac and vascular teams provide multi-disciplinary care for patients throughout their care. the team consists of endovascular specialists, invasive cardiologists, electro-physiologists, angiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiovascular surgeons, nurse practitioners, cardiac nurses, and pharmacists.

the cardio vascular center (cvc) aims to provide excellence in cardio-vascular patient care. We focus not only on treatment and cure, but also on prevention. last but not least, we recognize that our staff’s individual talents, diversity, innovative power, creativity, and dedica-tion are the key factors to our strength and success.

city clinic sofia uses many types of advanced nonsurgical diagnostic tests to determine whether a patient has heart, vascular and/or pe-ripheral vascular disease, and to see how the disease is progressing.

Each patient’s treatment plan is developed for his or her individual needs and may include nonsurgical medical management, minimally invasive endovascular procedures or surgery.

imagingsince imaging is a crucial tool in the modern diagnostics of cardiovascular disease, several imaging technologies, such as echocardiography, Echo doppler imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac catheterization, and experts, such as cardiolo-gists, cardiac surgeons vascular surgeons, interventional radiol-ogists, have been brought together in the cvc. this enables us to visualize and, if necessary, treat abnormalities in the heart valves, aneurysms of the abdominal and thoracic aorta, and critical stenosis in the coronary and peripheral arteries.

also here we try to provide top level service by validating and implementing novel cutting edge technologies. one of these is 3tesla magnetic resonance imaging (mri) system the first-ever digital broadband mri solution that delivers exceptional image quality, scanning efficiency and scalability designed to advance diagnosis and radiology workflow. our main focus are heart and vascular conditions and neurovascular pathology.

another high-tech equipment is the 128 multi-slice ct technolo-gy, which can superbly visualize the heart and coronary arteries within a few seconds. further implementation of this ultra-fast technology will most certainly improve the detection of even the smallest changes in the cardiac and vascular system, which opens up new possibilities for detection and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in a large number of individuals.