various watchpad

7/30/2019 various watchpad

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econ Journal Watch 280

Sd b D. B. K1

AbstrAct

Lock-in of Ideological Sensibilities by Age 25 or So

adm Sm (1790, 158):

t p w w f w dpds - jdgms g ps d. i s s ds-gb k f svs, w f pps w vw fm s mss w mg d

jdgm fvb.

tms Jffs (1814, 1341):

[F]w, f-s, v s vs g

ps.

a Sp (1970, 124):

i s q w sd dp dfsv d gv dwds v w p g smg w w v

d p f w. F fs s w s m

pvs sd ssm f w vs, ss m f md w v d g s ssm, dmds wd

ffs f s d ds fm ffs v b v.

1 Pfss f ems, Gg Ms uvs, Ffx, Vg 22030

Econ Journal WatchVolume 6, Number 2

May 2009, pp280-312

Intellectual Hazard: A LiberalSelection of Quotations

Discuss this article at Jt: http://journaltalk.net/articles/5604
http://www.aier.org/aier/publications/ejw_ab_may09_various.pdfhttp://www.aier.org/aier/publications/ejw_ab_may09_various.pdfhttp://journaltalk.net/articles/5604http://journaltalk.net/articles/5604http://www.aier.org/aier/publications/ejw_ab_may09_various.pdf


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intellectual hazarD

281 VoluMe 6, nuMBer 2, May 2009

M. K Jgs (1990, 347-48):

Pp d g g s m s d dg

pivotal rst decade of adult life. People do tend to conserve what theyv, w fm w, w v bm bd .

ts, mps f ss vvd s

pss mk sbs dff v sg s fdvds s w s f p.

D F. aw, rd l. c, d td M. nwmb (1991, 60):

W msd b ds wd p sss, voting preferences, their opinions toward various public gures, or

their party identications, Bennington women who were relatively

svv w g md v svv

q- , d s w w v svvw g md svv 1960-61.

Dvd o. Ss d c l. Fk (1999, 1):

[r]spds w msd f ss bw 1940d 1977, fm g g 30 m g. ts psds w g sb v s g pd exm

f js f dvd ds vs msmm p ws s ss m t ws vd fsg d s g f sp, fsg pdspss w sg psg sg v m.

Reverence of the Powerful and Longing for Their Favor

adm Sm (1790, 61):

ts dsps dm, d ms wsp, d

pwf, d dsps, , s, g pss f p dm d, g ss b sbs d m ds f ks d d f s, s, sm m, g d ms vs s f p f m

sms.

adm Sm (1790, 53):

t kgs svs f pp, b bd, ssd,

dpsd, psd, s pb v m q, s d f s d psp; b s d f


3/33

Klein


n. n wd s sbm m f w sk, mb d bw dw bf xd s, gd smile as a reward sufcient to compensate any services, and to dread

dsps, g v w fw fm , s

severest of all mortications.

adm Sm (1790, 257):

[t] v m s mp f s sps s m s

the proud man shuns it. Their splendour, he seems to think, reects

spd p s w m b m. h s s f kgs d vs f mss, d gvs msf f bg dd f f d pfm, w

psssss m m ps ppss, f kww j , f bg . h s fd f bg dmd bs f g, d s m fd f mgfg pp fm w w s d . h

sss msf, s m s , w fsb pp,w s w sppsd d pb p, w w, w d, w pp; d ss

mp f s bs fds wv v f pb fv pps sp gs m. W pp wm wss mmd msf, s ws v d b ms w mps f

pps; ss s, g dss pss, sassentation, frequently attery, though for the most part a pleasant

and a sprightly attery, and very seldom the gross and fulsomeattery of a parasite.

ld a, 1887 Md cg, qd ns (1969, 87):

i p w jdg Pp d Kgk m, w fvb psmp dd

wg. if s psmp s w, gs ds f pw, sg s pw ss. hsspsb s mk p f w f g spsb.

Pw ds p, d bs pw ps bs.G m ms ws bd m, v w xs

inuence and not authority, still more when you superadd thed f p b . t s

worse heresy than that the ofce sancties the holder of it. That is

p w g f csm d g flbsm m d kp g fsv, d d s jsf ms. y wd g m f ps k rv; b


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intellectual hazarD


f w s s , eb skd g mdM, d Wm iii dd s Ss ms xp .

h gs ms pd w gs ms; wd sp s ms, f sm mss s. i wdg m g hm, f ss f q bvs js,s m, s g f sk f s s.

Unminding Important Things

Mv Msk (1986, 177):

In the course of pursuing any sufciently complicated problem, the

sbgs gg s bm b sg

m mbs d sg dd fm g pbm.

adm Sm (1790, 299):

eps dgd pps, w s m, b wpsps p p v w p fdss,s g ms f dspg g, pps f pps fm s fw pps s pssb.

adm Sm (1761, 224):

W rm xpssd b sg wd, amavissem, egsm

s bgd xpss b f dff wds, I should have loved. i sss k ps sw w m s pxssms v q f md ggs. hw m b f xpss dpds p s sss, s w kw s w v xp mps.

Fd ns (1965, 25):

But now the whole scientic fraternity is out to understand the

vs d s p. i f, s

w s vw f v p f f d xs v msf f dvd ss w m msf,

f w s mv v p ss dsw w d g d mk fs s m

fsd d b.

is B (1958, 119):

To neglect the eld of political thought, because its unstable subject-


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Klein


matter, with its blurred edges, is not to be caught by the xed concepts,

abstract models, and ne instruments suitable to logic or to linguistic

ss dmd f md psp, d j

wv md sssf mgs m wsf m m f pmv d d pbfs.

J. Sd ns (1913, 425):

i egd d egs-spkg s s f m sss s b d s sps f ms w d

msvs mm ss. t sq s mp ps f sbj v b gd , f gd,v b pd d ppd b p fsb

mg d s vs.

Wm h. h (1936, 208):

Mv, swmpg f m ss w mms s dd dv w m, b s dvd fm fdms ps f s, d dthereby led to some actual corruption or unjustiable weakening of

bs s. [t] s [f mm md] pp v sd sm f s pg s sm w bd qsb ms f wg ws dm ppd .

J v nm (qd D 1989, xv):

as mm dsp vs f fm s mp s,

s m, f s sd d g d spdb ds mg fm , s bs w v gv dgs. ibms m d m p sg, m d m p

lart pour lart. This need not be bad, if the eld is surrounded by

d sbjs, w s v s mp s, if the discipline is under the inuence of men with an exceptionally

w-dvpd s. B s gv dg sbj w

dvp g f s ss, sm, s f fmits source, will separate into a multitude of insignicant branches, and

dsp w bm dsgd mss f ds dmpxs. i wds, g ds fm s mp

s, f m bs bdg, mm sbj s dg f dg.


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intellectual hazarD


t W. hs (1994, 287):

[I]t may be assumed that enhancing their own feeling of scientic sta-

s s b mp m f f mm-tical economists, which is satised by the lavish use of mathematics

d b pm f bs, vs g s pfdsb vdg d m f sbj.

P B (1981, 264):

o mm mds v bm fsb, ds b swm d p f sbsd ss s pfs f sf-pp.

Popular Sentiments and Approval

adm Sm (1790, 116):

n, w s fmd m f s, dwd m w g ds ps, d g vs ffd s

b. S g m f ps fvb, dp fvb, gd. S dd ppbmost attering and most agreeable to him for its own sake; and their

dsppb ms mfg d ms ffsv.

Fd a. hk (1944, 47):

i [ms] w b f s w bw sdd ps ss sd d ss ps f

gm w w d ms s dpp . . .

ab V D (1905, 448):

[e]mss msvs sm smms dd mp

treat economical problems in a scientic spirit should deprive them of smp w gv s b msvs q.


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Klein


Fd a. hks sp nb Bq, Dmb 10, 1974:

y Mjs, y r hgsss, lds d Gm,

nw nb Mm P f m s s bd, b pfd gf f vg b sd

s f s j ps, d mss v vs f bg gf Swds rksbk f gdg sbj s w f s g .

y i ms fss f i d b sd w sbs nb P ms, i sd v ddd dvsd gs .

o s ws i fd s p, s i bv s f

the activities of some of the great scientic foundations, would tend

to accentuate the swings of scientic fashion.

ts pps s mm s b fd bwdg p ws vws s fsb s m .

i d f q ssd g m sd s f p-ps.

i s nb P fs dvd w

ms m g pssss.

This does not matter in the natural sciences. Here the inuence exer-cised by an individual is chiey an inuence on his fellow experts; and

w s m dw s f xds s mp.

But the inuence of the economist that mainly matters is an inu- v m: ps, jss, v svs d pb

g.

t s s w m w s md dsv b m s sd b mmp pbms fs - s pss ds m d m msfb psdd bv.

o s v md f pb d p pbms

w m v dvd sp .

I am not sure that it is desirable to strengthen the inuence of a few

dvd mss b s m d -g g- f vms, pps f ds ps.

i m f ms d sggs q fm


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intellectual hazarD


s f m, s f pp , v x-d pb pms ms f mp.

o g s, fg p, md p f sg s f f g m sbj, afd M-s, w w:

Sds f s s, ms f pp ppv: ev s wm w m spk w f m.

Fd a. hk (1933, 121):

[t] ms pps b pss f w s m,

gvg p dv w pb s dspsd s

and having no inuence upon contemporary events.

Wm h. h (1936, 34):

ev dpd d ss ms w s sm f w-bg f mm ms, f s bfs p fdx css d, b w f pd f

ss f pssss. o sds ks ss s-vv f g d fs f g ms w ffm wf; d fs g s w s pw

d s v sgs ff kg m f

wg ds d fs ps w bg f. h gsthat in spheres in which policy and action can be inuenced, he isdmd v dmbss -d.

Gg Sg (1988, 4):

[t] v f dg mss d b sbsd [ d f 18 ] d ws psd w ssm b m

g d sm. W s b fsb bs mss(v gg pssb m dsv )? t m -s s s mdmss v b pm ps fd w

ppss f s mpvm, dsp f

fms d ppss w spp s ppss.

Ssv adsk (1972, 39):

[e]v w psss fm ps, pss b-


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Klein


s, ds f pp dm dpd f gd d xs fm. [a] sd f s w ds

g f bg b bs d m-md pss-fgs f bg f k s gs - ss. ad, s vbd s sm f v-dgght for intellectual integrity, most social scientists gravitate towards

pbms, mds d ss w, m w s, s k dsps f ps f pp-. Pmpd b ds p sf f g v f ss mmg ss pvg wds.

Gd tk (1966, 188-89):

[S]tudents in [the social] eld have a strong tendency to devote largeamounts of effort to conrming popular opinions New currents

f p w dvp wd d vsgs [s s] w dk s w pvs m b .

t 1930s, f xmp, wssd mds g -

m ps f ms Ws s. ts ws sf m s; f, mss g sd s

w dmd w ps. af ws w w

wd ws bwg bk f m pfss jmpd bdwg, d m js w f f s wtted in well with contemporary opinion.

Escapism

Gd tk (1989, 246-247):

[M]ost economists nd themselves in a rather unfortunate situation.

if wk d p pbms ms have ghts with members of the English department at faculty

k ps. csd g v p ms

f mmb Mmm Wg a s b pff p bs Spps ms, ppd ff

p v p , mmds s gvm pgmf g fg p. t sggs s bgg ps s smskd b pd w-q xs s pssb, f wg p wks d d, w s w w w mkg fm. t ms fs gg

m ff fm d ds s w f sg


10/33

intellectual hazarD


vg sdds . t sggsd wg s s w vg mmb f f vs w ms

wks wd gd s m xp c, f vs wd b m ss ps f ms dd rms pg.

edw c (1933, 378):

y m s kw s, d i g pgs fdwg m pd, skg mss. i dpgs s w pss m, f s

. B i d pgs s, b pp m dm dg mk m g dsdb pp. i pp sp g s sd

w s f f k fwd f pp egs

wspps g ds bv d sm m pd sg m b w w-ws fsf ld d lsb, - ws Mdd, d

f ws Ps. D m smp d ssand avert their eyes from the disgusting mess and run back to nd

p d m qs d g qb.

ad c. hbg (1993, 2):

[hvg] d w fs, wkg p v mg g

out and ght battles they rarely expect to win This is the life of

p p ms; sm wd f sm s md p dssd d df ff ss fsg ps d

pss.

Wm h. h (1936, 35):

[The economists] response [to his impotence to inuence opinion]

may be to retire from that eld of intellectual activity in which he

d b f d sv mm d dvpm f q f ss. h m nd himself the possessor of a logical system applicable to conditions

w mightvb xs, b ssm w gs dm-nistrator could be expected to understand, let alone nd of service in

s f pbm. S ms w spdto the pure scientist in other elds. The results of his efforts may

s v psss f gs mm p kw-dg v sp f p ffs (s qs f p mm d p pss v d mms


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Klein


inuence in the eld of technology). But his studies can hardly be said

b ss dd wds d. h sps, sq-

ce, from the sense of bafed striving, of frustrated effort

The Professional Academic Pyramid

M P (1964, 15):

t b xmp f s p s p sd d bm psv f .

rb S. ld (1948, 18):

t ss f pfss ms, p ss, s ss s dp mmd, b g d b d fsecurity and advancement, to the ofcial concepts, problems, and

s f s s.

is B (1949, 37):

Today the tendency to circumscribe and conne and limit, to determine

g f w m b skd d w m , w m bbvd d w m , s g dsgsg mk f ds. o , ms s pwf fm sf ds, ss, pgssvs f s

fm dsds f ms. t s ps f s, b b s s s m

K r. Ppp (1962, 29):

[i] sms mpbb hg wd v v bm msinuential gure in German philosophy without the authority of

the Prussian state behind him. As it happened, he became the rst

ofcial philosopher of Prussianism, appointed in the period of feudal

s f np ws. l, s s bkd spps (Gm d, d s s, s-d uvss),d bkd .

D. K (2005, 143):

Fg 3 ps pg fm [wdwd] p 35 dpms.a p, m 90 p f f ms fm p 35

dpms. t p sggss dpms kd d 44v 80 p fm p 35. ts ss sw


12/33

intellectual hazarD


p 35 dpms dm pfss.

Groupthink

ivg l. Js. (1982, 5):

i sds f s bs d sm gps, fm psssv fq b bsvd. Wv mmb ss smg sds f w gps ms, mmbs

at rst increase their communication with the deviant. Attempts to

inuence the nonconformist member to revise or tone down his

dssd ds s g s ms mmbs f gp fpf b kg m gg s md. B f f

f pd mps, m f mm dwd dv dss mkd. t mmbs bg xdhim, often quite subtly at rst and later more obviously, in order to

s f gp. a s psg xpm

dd b S S w v bs amvsd pd b S d s bs svep sswd m sv gp d

m v ss gs f gp, g s f mmbs j fms. Js s mmbs s msvs fm sd s w dsp d sp d ps f gp, k sps,

often without being aware of it, to counteract the disruptive inuence

f sd s w kg gps ms.

ivg l. Js. (1982, 9):

i s m gpk s qk d s w f mdf kg pp gg w dp vvd sv gp, w mmbs svgs f m vd mv s pps v ss f .

tms Ss (1961, 261):

i sms m s, pps m , f mkg

v pbms f s p m xp s wv s s d s s f gp w, , s kp svalues ofcially undened

tms S. K (1977, xx):

t pss f dvds sd, mmms sd bs gp bg psppsd; gp mmms, d,


13/33

Klein


sd, d pss b w dspd dffsds fm vvd v f pss.

J S M (1859, 511):

n s g [ sd] sd gms f dvssfm s w s, psd s s m, d mpdb w ff s fs. t s w d js

gms, bg m w s w md. h msb b m fm pss w bv m; wdfd m s, d d v ms f m.

M ads (1992, 112):

W ffv k fm sd, dm sw

generally refer to themselves as representing a eld of studyhave inff b f g d jdg msvs. ts w pd wk jdg wk. ad f s s mpd s ds ws s s mp?

Ssv adsk (1972, 203):

[n]g w mmd bw p f dw sq f pgss mss ; w m sd b sg dss m m s , d win any case be debatable and difcult to blame on a particular man.

edg a P (1843, 210):

The thousand profound scholars may have failed, rst, because they

w ss, sd, bs w pfd, d d,

bs w sd.

Privileges of Graduation Make for Cartels and Social

Pyramids

adm Sm (1776, 780):

i md ms, dg f pb s [ s, ss

p bds, dg gs d vss] s m ss pd b mss w d m m


14/33

intellectual hazarD


ss dpd f sss d p ppfsss. t ss, , p pv , w wd

pd m mp w m, sm s w m w mps d w b mp

w s w d w sdb . if ss s gdsat nearly the same price, he cannot have the same prot, and poverty

d bgg s, f bkp d , w fb b s. if mps s m m d, s k v sfw sms s mss w b m mdd. tpvgs f gd [ s, gs d pps dd

-gds], bsds, m s ss, sxm v, ms m f d pfsss, s, f g p f s w v s f d

d. B s pvgs b bd b dg

s f pb s. t ms f d p bs ss f pv ws gv dmd m. i s fm s dff ss pv

f f ss w mm g vss s md ms g sdd s v ws d f mof letters. A man of real abilities can scarce nd out a more humiliating

or a more unprotable employment to turn them to. The endowment

f ss d gs v, s m, pd dg f pb s, b v dd ms mpssb v gd pv s.

adm Sm (1774, 174-75):

t mp f md d w s g wdsbs fv f uvss wd, i ppd, b f

sg psp f s bds-p. Mpss vsdm mk gd wk, d w mb fstudents must attend, whether they prot by it or no, is certainly not

v k b gd . i v g g d p s

sbj, d v qd v f s ds f sv f pp uvss f ep: i vsatised myself that the present state of degradation and contempt

w g p f s ss v f ms

every part of Europe, arises principally, rst, from the large salaries

w sm vss gv pfsss, d w dm g dpd f dg d sss

pfsss; d sd, fm g mb f sds w, d g dgs b dmd xs pfsss, w, f sk f bss, xbs, ssps, fwsps,., bgd s ss f s kd, w


15/33

Klein


ss w k v w vg.

Cynicism and Acquiescence

aj Km (1990, 184):

of s s ssmp s bsd, w-kw ms d

dg sm, b, , s w d bsd d s? Pp gd, d d svg md.

M ads (1992, 118-19):

t s s w dms dm wd s bg f m pfsss. t dd msvs w mtheir research is important, a signicant contribution to knowledge

w ms f s v d mp. t gd s ms f m pbb kw w w s mp. ad

w s f w, w w s ssm s,w p pms d s ss bs f ,

ggg sb fm f p. t bg bg s, d d p g msvs.

M ads (1992, 112-13):

Within many so-called elds of study there is widespread log-rolling.

Many of the elds are small enough so that most of the members know

. i mmb d d w mm isvd ws vwg fw f pm hv is.

Someone asserted that he was one of the top ten men in his eld in

the United States. Not being familiar with the eld, I innocently asked

how many were in the eld. Oh, about six was the reply.

S.M. Mv (1895, 132):

nw, sms m s f ms v dwds g pb s ms. i Bb f fs

w s s d s ps sx s, w ms f ms v d g ss wds gdg pb g g? h d , vs, s v sb sd; b, w, pfssd s f m

v b s. t mss f s v b d to pronounce a judgment on difcult economic questions, without

ffv sss fm ss ms mp gv xp p


16/33

intellectual hazarD


vg . o g pps, d m qss, i k pjdd pss wd

g s g b dff.

Ofcialdom Validates Base Thinking

Sm nwmb (1893, 381):

a fw s g, dg cgss db p ppsdtax on articial butter, it was claimed on one side that, if the free

mf f s w pmd, ws v psp

w fw s b wd s s pd. opg vws f mss wd spps s

m ws md b pp f b, w dsd p gd ffs f f mp mf. r, wv,

ws p f s gm gs pmg mf.t ms s f f db, d w d dm s , s sms v b ps bd g j ss s, d m

, f ws psp mm g wd sb b b b s pd, wd b gd gf s .

Fd a. hk (1983):

y b ms p dvs B mvgd wd i v vdd p w gvmsv g vvs. ad m sd, i v s sm f mss fds d smpsi w m mswmp gd w m, w fw s gvm pd

m d md m b k sg a mfds w v g d sd f g f m v, m ss, b pd.

P t. B (1984, 153):

t p f gvms f ppg mss s dvss mhave helped to propagate the notion of the inuence of economists,

b s gvms pp f fw dv. i f, p- dvss f s bs gvms g bv

dv wd d w w ws d s.


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Klein


P t. B (1984, 153):

Over the last half century or so, outside inuences have much affected

the activities, themes, methods and ndings of economists. Even anmp s f s ms d xsv p f

s d m f; spd f g dg d f bf vm dmsm; m-sd mpof media, and therefore of the inuence of those working in it

M J. rbs (1976, 59-60):

[P]fss s s m k fw s p d . Wk Ks mds f m gw g f cgss, F empm a f 1948, ssmd sp-sb f v f mpm. Sds f b sg mks,

pv d dd d bm m m xs-v sp f mj fd pgms w sd s s.In part this pattern reects the availability of outside funding, but not

. a f f mg s s wk. Bss s s mpfw pb vs, s d -nomic policy is often made at a time when only the slimmest scientic

ss vb.

ldwg v Mss (1966, 67):

i s mpssb dsd s f m g f

ds p f ms s s s g f s pw. a ms v b fvf s d dmggs.

Government Force and Funding

Morning Chronicle(ag. 1851), qd b hb Sp (1853, 268):

Fm ps f F, m f g g d s sgg p,and ing themselves on the world of Paris. There they try to become

g fs. tg v dpm f g-f, m

f ss g d s sgg p chef-lieu pvp. t bm fs. G s wd w s sm sd s w b sm. as s dpm F, s s dssm dpm, d mm dssm. a w v, k v,heads on their shoulders, struggle into towns to ght for ofce.


18/33

intellectual hazarD


M a. Bs (2001, 40):

a b v m f ams [ 1918], am e-

m ass d am Ss ass d jmeeting on the benets that social scientic knowledge and practi-

d ff pb s. t f ws, p,fsd p dd m q mb f pm-nent government and business gures believed could greatly enhance

ss p f pg d ppsf mgm. i -sg s v mg s sss, wm xpd pd mp p. i f, psss d gs f mb d d pdd dmd f

sks f mss.

S S. Bm (1974, 19):

i ud Ss, ud Kgdm, d sw, Wd W

ii d ms dmd-dd xps s f s-tic activity, nanced largely by national governments. Governments

acquired a new nancial responsibility for science and, for the rst

m, sss fd msvs w sppd b (b dpd

on) politicians and bureaucrats. In the United States, for the rst time,

b sds d bm ss f d f ; B- sm vw, mgg d psss f w (f 1914-1918), vd w sms.

J K. Gb (1981, 35-36):

B spg f 1934, f f F.D.r., vws f gpfsss d sp f gd sds Bk d

gd. ags d pd, m ws bg mpd Wsg; rsv w smd wdf mpg d.Wd d s d vs md mb fjbs w p f mss bvb g p fd

gvm. a w gs dd s . Sds wd b ssg f s mp f ss d sgunemployment now nished them up in weeks. So a new gold rush

bg, bk ss am rv rks d Ps Pm. W i g Wsg smm f1934, m f m fds w d wk.

I went to Howard Tolleys ofce in the Agricultural Adjust-

m adms [ ws m fm fm Bk], d mmd sggsd i g p f smm. i


19/33

Klein


as promptly agreed.After lling in forms, I was, however, required

to go to a small room on the upper oor and meet the resident repre -

sv f Jms a. F, Psms G d sd fDemocratic patronage. There I afrmed that I was a Democrat; one

d b Dm w bg v. M s ws f $3200 . i x m i pd ff m g

dbs, d s v i b s f m.

Fd a. hk (1960, 291):

The organizations we have created in these elds [labor, agriculture,

sg, d, .] v gw s mpx ks m ss w f pss m ms m. t sxp s [fq] w dsds [ ss]g f d w f s dspsb [a]ms

vb, s w kd f xp s dsgsg s: s sg fv f ss w s xp.

ts s s m bs w ppvs f ms f

s w v s d p ms ds, b v m bs s ff wd d b w w f bd s: vws f bd w s ppd p pps f xsg ss k b

k ss d w wg dssss dmg p [a]s s f s dvpm, m dmore elds of policy nearly all the recognized experts are, almost

by denition, persons who are in favor of the principles underlying

pt p w, mmdg sm fdvpm f ps, ms xps fv , sf pf s, bs s w fv dvpm

v bm xps s s ss, d mmdmss ws w pps d s xps. o pps s sbsd, s f dvpm w b spd b

w s w v s sv gd s s ds.

lw h. W (2005, 329):

t p mb f Fd sff mss x, p 50P.D.-gg uS ms dpms g mp b 390

mss mms, m ms, d bkg.t s, Fd mps f-m b 27 p m m/m/bkg mss p 50 uS dm msdpms p g. (n s ms f mss

s dpms v b vsg ss Fd rsvbks.)


20/33

intellectual hazarD


e.c. Ps, J. (2004, 127):

[G]vm fm pgms v s v pvdd feld of job opportunities for agricultural economists. Second, and

s d, fdg gm f g mss uSDa d-g vs mpx gvs p ss v qs pppss f gvm

pgms g. t mp s ms bvs s f p s w Dpm f ag. tvw d pb pss dsgs s s ss

w ps f dms.Although federal government funding is a less signicant source

of nancial support for policy research in land-grant universities than

s w uSDa, p pss fm s d fm

mmd gps ms v gs sm f gvmfm pgms , . ts gps xp s d xsps spp gvm pgms f pds. t

often exert pressure on college ofcials and agricultural policy analysts

w pps p b.

D. K w t. Dc (2004, 327-28):

o vsg sbss s d ds fJournalof Development Economicshave extensive ties to ofcial policy, loan, and

g mkg ss dg w dvpg s. hw

such ties affect the character and intellectual content of the eld ofdvpm ms s qs.

Gd tk (1989, 244):

The second activity, reghting, is the basic reason that most really

inuential government economists havent read anything for the last

twenty years. They nd themselves in a government job and are asked

d w sm pbm g w. t d s ms f w mmb. if sssf, skd d smg

s g w, d pss s w s gks f gvm m dvss b d.

cs a. h (2007, 36):

adms w sd c, w ds , bps cs cmms P, smms ss, df ss. o vs fm, d w d s ms ws: g s qss w sk d sk,


21/33

Klein


g fs w p g, g s f gg,d g w d w w .

Fg dms ms p w dms c d d - s. Svs dd m s pb P, d s md ppb qss. F dms c, s s m

. t Ws sd ps g.c ss q sd s s.

Sm Ws c ss v vs c. os wpms . ts c ss ws m g s

cs v sdd gg f s d v b careers on this large and nontransferable investment. We benet from

s c b fm d sgs, d w

p s s. evbd s pp, Ws ds f

p--d vw fm dm, w svs f pspg jbs, d P f gg s d s dvsg. c s fq vs f dms g w: ds

ps P.W pps w w d p g s bvs. W

cs bs. W w pk d c d s w b.

cs a. h (2007, 40):

if dms d, w w? t Wd Bk d organizations wont because they prot from dealing with China. Their

bkg sp dpds mb p w P,d d f qm f s b s nal report and the public statements are acceptable to Party censors.

t s dpms f Ws vsm bks w bs bks ms k dpd bsss w c.

Ds s m? Ds m f c ss g p x w p d p ss

sp wk? Ds m f w ps c Ws w P dsp ms k s ps c, pvdgw sws sf-sd s qss d ffg sd p f cs p ssm?

t s f cs m w xd f u.S., psg pw ms, b 2008 2009. c s w

w Ws ms sg wd: a q

f cs ds s fg-wd d w dpd csds f p sm gds. um, pss, vsd ms sg pd c, dpd d m s f c. B ds Ws dsd


22/33

intellectual hazarD


d s s? a w p, d g w s,w P dsp w s dff vws f m gs d

s gs ff s f p g dp fdms Ws (s s ffd dm s dg)? ad w x c ss g f pg w bw bf s kg d g?

cg-t hs, edwd Mg, D og, d Fs rdg (2009, 1):

ov 18 m pd sg 2002, m 4.7 mVs sgd m f ps g f

vote to remove President Chvez from ofce. After two failed petition

dvs, d p Dmb 2003 ws sssf fg k p ags 2004. af cv w v, s f sgs f s p ws pkgd

s-fd sfw pgm kw s Ms. t ws wdspd gs Ms sfw ws wddsbd g pb s d sd b cv

gm s ms s. J (2006), f xmp, pss stories of several individuals who lost their jobs after being identied

Ms dbs s cv pp.ts pp ks f ssm vd Ms

dbs ws sd b cv gm df d ps voters who had attempted to remove Chavez from ofce, using the

Ms dbs sf ss. t fm Mshas sufcient detail to match two thirds of the adults in the Venezuelan

sd sv v ss. usg s d, w msw vs w sgd ps cv xpdgs m mpm f Ms ss w wd

dsbd.Fg 1 pss k vd fm s d. t p p

ps mpm f p sgs v f -sgs d bm p ps v wg. rv

mpm f cv pps ws g s fm1997 g 2004 bf fg b 1.5 pg ps 2005 d2006. Sm, wg gp bw cv pps d -sgs ws g s 2004, d dppd b 5

p 2005-2006.

ldwg v Mss (1944, 82):

i ms s f ep vss wd

d pd b gvm. t sbj f Ms f ed s p s s sbj d f


23/33

Klein


p dpm. t s v svs k pmand customs ofcers. Nineteenth-century liberalism tried to limit the

g f Ms f ed f w fdm fvs pfsss w sdd d .B s gvm ppd pfsss, ppd sw d b m, s, m w sd gvms

vwp d w d dspg ms

ldwg v Mss (1944, 87):

ep sm s ps f bs pm

in the eld of education. The universities paved the way for the

ds.

Pyramids Validating One Another

M Fd (2009, 249):

F, m w s [ud Ss/B/F]s dw p m xps s md mp smb

sm b f dsp ,helping dene the way economics is seen in society at large and thus

pwf spg w mss s msvs [t] ss smp m s d mp f

ss; s s, mp, smb s w

a power of certication, consecration, legitimate classication, andg. i s pspv, fm f f

mss w s f u.S. gvm, g m ssd mkg f sp sss f m xps wF dms ( qs, inSee dmss), spbb ss smb mp. t xs f pfss

xsv gs, s s c f em advss d n em c, d m w fsd pwf mssgs b w ms b ms,d w s gd m xps m sss.

t vvm f mss s bk-d-fbw s d s s ms f pb p s

dene their identity. Whether they serve as CEA appointees on loanfm vs, pp m ss f sp sbbg bds, sf s xps bf gss gs,

American economists ofcially enter the realm of the state as people

who possess a specic form of expertise generally validated through

s g vss.


24/33

intellectual hazarD


rd W(1984, 297):

ts [s] ps v f vvd dv d pfs

f v sm gp f sss, sp psss, wmv s bw vss, s gs, d dvsgps. cmg mp v wd g f vs, fm ds sbsm w mds dmds f s gsd ps s d, d ms f ss

d m fm sss . opg ss ss, m spk bf f s gs d p g s bjvs d ps f ss

criteria between and with scientic elds. By seeking to integrate

scientic research with state policies, or at least ensuring that they are

mmsb, s sbsm b gms d ss sd s mg ps. t m mps

md f d bms vvd d f ps d ps f fdg gs, m dms -eld relations and the more interdependent scientic elds become.

rd W (1984, 297-98):

W g d smms dffs bjvs, ,scientists pursue reputations and decide on the signicance of results

b ssssg bs p gs. imp

xp s s ssmd s gs s w, dbg , g mss f mpm g

d fdg gs. t g-m gs f g bdg mm vb fs , ff, bdd ppd b bgss, bmss, d psm psss w skps fm fw spss ms f gsd ps. B dgg m v gs d psss

sss psg ps, fdg gs d gvmdpms v sbs xpdd pb s ssmand also gained a considerable degree of inuence over it. State

s ps sg ff fmwk w ps

p gs p d w s dvp d bmsbsd.

rd W (1984, 140):

[S] sss mp mp ssssm f kwdgms d b. Sss dg s dddb pfss gs m f pb ss,

b mps s, d s g v w wk sd , d f w ppss, s md. Sss v, ,


25/33

Klein


sought to monopolize control over both the denition, production,

and certication of research skills, and the evaluation of task outcomes

in terms of their validity and signicance.

rd W(1984, 298-99):

The development of a policy for scientic research itself tends to

pm p p f s d w s pd

knowledge. Conscious reection and construction of any state policy

mps sm vw s f bj bg pd. ts s f s smp sd f s p

reies a particular conception of knowledge and appropriate methods

d pp f pdg .

P B (1984, 156):

t sgsss dvpm ms dm:

thrust reects systematic hostility to the operation and outcome of

market forces, and accords with the views of inuential groups within

the modern political nation. The inuence of these groups, including

pm dms, s b dspsb f d w-

dspd p f smps s f f d g. tsgps d sd d pss f w p dsd p f mk fs.

The inuential groups protect not only the invalid notions but also

s spsb f m. ev w sms v b

sv fd b vd xpsd b sm, sw b md s xps s g s s ds

w pvg dg vsd ss.

K Ks (1990, 81):

hw s wd d d d w? Dpms jss dbv s s w s m p.

The Pretense of Knowing Well Enough to Manipulate

Benecially

adm Sm (1776, 456):

W s sps f dms ds w s p mp,d f w pd s k b f gs v, v


26/33

intellectual hazarD


dvd, s vd, , s s, jdg m b ssm wgv d f m. t ssm w sd

mp d pv pp w m g mp ps wd d msf w ms ss, b ssm w d sf b sd, sg ps, b s wv, d

w wd w b s dgs s ds f m whad folly and presumption enough to fancy himself t to exercise it.

Fd a. hk (1988, 86):

t p ssmp, sm mpd dsps f mk pss (dsps md b pp ws v f sppg ssm), ff

s fs ( pms) b ssmd b kw xpgs, bss s, d sq pds sdps p ss vs fms f ss kg.

Fd a. hk (1988, 76):

t s sk f ms s dms m w kw b w mg dsg.

h.l. Mk (1919: 63):

t ff f s s mk mkd v. Pg s m

ss, w s bv kwb. B ssvss, psp kg s ps.

ambs B (1993: 28):

Education, .t w dsss ws d dsgss fm fs k f dsdg.

Temptation of a Governing-Set Selfhood

adm Sm (1790, 233-34):t m f ssm, , s p b v ws s w; d s f s md w sppsd b f s

w d p f gvm, sff smsdv fm p f . h gs sbs mpd s ps, w gd g ss,


27/33

Klein


sg pjds w m pps . h sms mg g dff mmbs f g s w s m

s s d gs dff ps p ss-bd. hds sd ps p ss-bd v pp f m bsds w d mpsss p m;b , g ss-bd f m s, v sg p

s pp f m f s w, g dff fm w gs mg s mpss p .

Wm Gm Sm (1883, 97-98):

F a s dw d k, W s i d? s mmp; b think what B ought to do is interesting, romantic, moral, self-attering,

and public-spirited all at once. It satises a great number of human

wksss . t g d p w w ss f pp

g d s f s sf pw , w pbps, s sf dg. h w v mdspp f fms, ppss, ms, d wd-b

mgs--g f s.

Wm Gds (1878):

i d f oxfd f m w m g df.Pps ws m w f; b i ms dm i dd ,

w oxfd, w i v d s, v., s dv mpsb d smb pps f m b.

t mp w, i k, m pvd dm s ws, b ws gdd w js, d f d b wdspsd w.

Taboo

Fk h. Kg (1951, 5):

i m mdd f dp psp bsv md b gp sp sm s g t m s m k

b b d k s sq f. i s

d m f sg fs f f s xpss sf fs gs s g ps b kp f sg xp m.

Fk h. Kg (1951, 2-4):

t ss f s bk f mp gs -


28/33

intellectual hazarD


ms s gs pp wd s f msvs f w wg s. ad s d bv f g

w m fs v ss s .

tms Ss (1992, 96):

W d w w k g w pssssd ps? W ds

fd gvm ss sm f mkds ms d md ms vb g pds d dgs dvd fm m?

ts sm f bs qss dsssd dbs

dgs. W ? Bs dmss sd fofcially recognized drug-law experts is contingent on shunning such

d bv. isd, wd-b db f dg pbm s

expected to accept, as a premise, s d f fd gvm m f d dgs. a b dbd s w dgssd b d d w sd b d.

lw h. W: (2005, 334):

i v fd sg Fd-pbsd s f mg,pvg, v sg Fd. rs f bkgs b md vs f bm s bkg

g ssms w b m. W xp, f ss-f bkg s b dsssd.

A Cycle of Irrelevance and Bad Judgment

Sfsb (1714, 189):

B f psp w pds b w k p sdg s g fs, d xmg pws d

pps f s dsdg, f s psp b fg m pfssd, f gs bsd mk d s g

w s , ms b ws m

g dsm. t ms gs w f bmg fss b ssm.

Fd ns (1965, 29):

nw d ps s qppd b w psp

hw s s f m ds gv g s , w s s dsd s m bg d ds m


29/33

Klein


sdw xs p s

M P (1966, 19):

But the damage done by the specication of particulars may be

mdb. Ms dg m bs bd sbjk s, , psp. Spkg m g, bf , s ps m gb, kwdg ffs

p f gs s fdm msk.

Wm h. h (1936, 208):

[S]m mss sm v gv d sss curiosa

m s dd ds jdgm d wk f mss g.

P B (1984, 160-61):

hw f ssss sds pfm f w ss

ws s p b, v b, d f sm m spp dg ms w?

S.M. Mv (1895, 137-38):

a vs, i k xp sws ps g gin economics, so far from tting men for giving popular instruction,

really seems to go far towards untting them for it. The doctrine, as v , s fm q sd s; d mpsm v w s gs d s pps dff w. W w d s g s b sds ppd m s ps fms bs

dpd f pp xps.

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Andreski, Stanislav. 1972. Social Sciences as Sorcery. ld: ad Ds lmd.

Bauer, Peter T. 1981. Equality, the Third World and Economic Delusion. cmbdg: hvd

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uvs Pss.

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http://www.aier.org/ejw/archive/doc_view/3647-ejw-200508?tmpl=component&format=rawhttp://www.aier.org/aier/publications/ejw_toc_may09.pdfhttp://www.aier.org/ejw/archive/cat_view/157-econ-journal-watch/166-watchpadhttp://www.aier.org/ejw/archive/cat_view/157-econ-journal-watch/166-watchpadhttp://www.aier.org/ejw/archive/cat_view/157-econ-journal-watch/166-watchpadhttp://www.aier.org/ejw/archive/cat_view/157-econ-journal-watch/166-watchpadhttp://www.aier.org/aier/publications/ejw_toc_may09.pdfhttp://www.aier.org/ejw/archive/doc_view/3647-ejw-200508?tmpl=component&format=raw

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