VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING...8. a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of eager versus lazy classification. 7M b) What is boosting? State why it can improve the accuracy

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code: A1524

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech VII Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, November - 2016

(Regulations: VCE-R11/ R11A)

SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)

Date: 15 November, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75 Answer ONE question from each Unit

All Questions Carry Equal Marks

Unit – I

1. a) What are the 3 stages to be executed in water fall model in theory? What are the improvements we can perform to eliminate most of the development risks? Explain in detail.

8M

b) Explain about Protracted Integration and Late design breakage with neat diagram.

7M

2. a) Explain about Pragmatic Software Cost Estimation with neat diagram. 8M b) What are the distinct process perspectives mainly implemented in software oriented

Organizations? Explain.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the primary objectives and essential activities of inception phase used to achieve concurrence among stakeholders on life-cycle of the project.

10M

b) Outline the typical software development plan.

5M

4. a) List the seven top-level workflows and show the activity levels across the life-cycle phases.

10M

b) Summarize the importance of software architecture and its close linkage with modern software development processes.

5M

Unit – III

5. a) What are the types of joint management reviews conducted throughout the process? Explain the typical sequence of checkpoints with neat diagram.

8M

b) Describe the significance of major milestones in the life cycle of iteration.

7M

6. a) Explain about cost and schedule estimation process. 8M b) Explain about Life-Cycle Architecture Milestones.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) What are the Quality Indicators? Explain in brief. 8M b) What are the Pragmatic Software Metrics? Explain.

7M

8. a) Explain about Metrics automation in brief. 7M b) Compare Differences between artifacts of small and large scale organizations.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Describe the next-generation software economics. 8M b) Explain in detail the qualities that an organizational manager should strive for making

the transition to a modern process.

7M

10. a) What is the role of Capability Maturity Model (CMM) in developing successful software project? Explain in detail.

10M

b) As a project manager, how can you develop the software project in time? 5M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A)

SOFTWARE TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE


Date: 17 November, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75

Answer ONE question from each Unit All Questions Carry Equal Marks

Unit – I

1. a) Define statement coverage (c1) and branch coverage (c2). Explain with an example methods to select enough paths to achieve c1+c2.

8M

b) Define Loop. State and explain various kinds of loops with suitable examples.

7M

2. a) Discuss the heuristic procedures for sensitizing paths. 8M b) Explain about instrumentation methods used in path testing.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Demonstrate a nice domain. Give an example for nice two dimensional domains. 8M b) Discuss about variations, tools and effectiveness of domain testing.

7M

4. a) Demonstrate du- path and define all du- paths. 7M b) Explain different types of data flow anomalies and data flow anomaly state graphs.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Define path product, path expression and path sum. Explain with an example. 7M b) In node reduction procedure of a graph explain the following terms:

i. Cross term step ii. Parallel term iii. Loop term

8M

6. a) Demonstrate decision table and how is a decision table useful in testing. Explain with the help of an example.

7M

b) Explain prime implicant, sum of product and product of sum form in KV-charts.

8M

Unit – IV 7. a) State and explain the principles of state testing. Give its advantages and

disadvantages. 9M

b) Write a short notes on: i. Equivalent states ii. Unreachable states iii. Dead states

6M

8. a) Illustrate partitioning algorithm with example. 7M b) Define Relation. Explain different types of relations used in software testing.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Write short notes on WinRunner. 7M b) How the application is tested using QTP?

8M

10. a) How synchronization of test cases is done in WinRunner? 8M b) Illustrate with an example how to test a web application. 7M





WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMPUTING

(Computer Science and Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain localization and handover. 7M b) Explain IEEE 802.11 protocol architecture with relevant diagram.

8M

2. a) Explain following terms: i. Short inter frame spacing (SIFS) ii. PCF inter frame spacing (PIFS) iii. DCF inter frame spacing (DIFS) iv. HIPERLAN

8M

b) With frame format explain IEEE 802.11 physical layer used with FHSS.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the functional architecture of GSM system. 8M b) Explain the steps involved in Mobile Terminated Call and Mobile Originated Call.

7M

4. a) What is the motivation for a specialised MAC? 6M b) Explain TDMA reservation mechanisms.

9M

Unit – III

5. a) In Mobile IP, how does agent advertisement help in discovering that mobile node has moved?

8M

b) Describe the working of snooping TCP.

7M

6. a) Describe of role of TCP in Fast Retransmit/Fast Recovery Transmission. 7M b) Describe the working of transaction oriented TCP.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the push-based data delivery mechanism. 7M b) Assume that an advertisement record 0R is of 8kB, weather report 1R is of 2kB, traffic

situation report 2R is 16kB, and responses 0 1 2 1, , ,........, mRT RT RT RT to ring-tone download requests are of 6kB. A sequence of 64B may be disseminated (broadcasted) as one unit or one bucket. How can a mobile device 7MD which has requested a

ringtone 2RT cache only the select ring-tone 2RT and save the energy by not listening

to 0 1 3 1, , ,........, mRT RT RT RT .

8M

8. a) Explain the cache invalidation mechanism through MESI protocol. 7M b) Explain Three-tier client-server architecture.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) With the help of a neat sketch, explain the architecture of WAP. 8M b) Explain two different types of physical links supported by Bluetooth.

7M

10. a) Explain the protocol stack of Bluetooth technology. 8M b) Write short notes on J2ME. 7M




(Regulations: VCE- R11/R11A)

DATA MINING AND DATA WAREHOUSING




Unit – I

1. a) Explain how a data mining system can be integrated with a database or data warehouse system.

7M

b) Discuss various performance issues of data mining algorithms and issues relating to the diversity of database types.

8M

2. a) What are the most common ways that we could sample a large data set, D for data reduction?

7M

b) Suppose a hospital tested the age and body fat data for 18 randomly selected adults with the following result :

Age 23 23 27 27 39 41 47 49 50 % fat 9.5 26.5 7.8 17.8 31.4 25.9 27.4 27.2 31.2

Age 52 54 54 56 57 58 58 60 61 % fat 34.6 42.5 28.8 33.4 30.2 34.1 32.9 41.2 35.7

i. Calculate the mean, median, and standard deviation of age and %fat ii. Draw the boxplots for age and %fat iii. Draw a scatter plot and a q-q plot based on these two variables iv. Calculate the correlation coefficient (Pearson’s product moment coefficient). Are these two variables positively or negatively correlated

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain a three-tier Data warehouse architecture and the recommended approach for a data warehouse development.

7M

b) In data warehouse technology, a multiple dimentional view can be implemented by a ROLAP, MOLAP or HOLAP. For each technique explain how each of the following functions may be implemented: i. The generation of a data warehouse (including aggregation) ii. Roll-up iii. Drill-down iv. Incremental updating Which implementation techniques do you prefer, and why?

8M

4. a) What is a data cube? Explain with an example how a data cube allows data to be modelled and viewed in multiple dimensions.

7M

b) List and explain about general optimization techniques for efficient computation of data cubes.

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – III

5. a) Explain about mining frequent item sets without candidate generation. 7M b) Use Apriori algorithm for the following transactional database with min_sup=2 to find

frequent itemsets. TID List of items_IDs

T100 11, 12, 15 T200 12, 14 T300 12, 13 T400 11, 12, 14 T500 11, 13 T600 12, 13 T700 11, 13 T800 11, 12, 13, 15 T900 11, 12, 13

8M

6. a) Explain with an example the following correlation measures to determine interesting association rules: i. Lift ii. χ (chi-square)

7M

b) Explain in detail pattern mining in multidimensional space.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain classification by back propagation. 7M b) Explain decision tree induction classification with an example.

8M

8. a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of eager versus lazy classification. 7M b) What is boosting? State why it can improve the accuracy of decision tree induction.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Compare agglomerative and Divisive hierarchical clustering methods. 5M b) Discuss the statistical parameters used for query processing in Statistical Information

Grid. List the advantages of STING over other Clustering methods.

10M

10. a) Define outlier. Discuss the types of outliers and explain the challenges of outlier detection.

9M

b) Briefly explain the supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised outlier detection methods.

6M





IMAGE PROCESSING

(Computer Science and Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Define the terms Sampling and Quantization. How do you represent digital images using Sampling and Quantization with an example?

8M

b) What is Image acquisition? Explain the process of Image acquisition using sensor strips with neat diagram.

7M

2. a) Discuss the important functions that are commonly used when dealing with Fourier Transform.

8M

b) With examples explain the following distance measures: i. Euclidean ii. City-block iii. Chess-board

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Bring out the difference between spatial domain and frequency domain image enhancement approaches.

6M

b) Given an image of size 3 X 3 as shown below, determine the output image ,g x y

using logarithmic transformation 10, log 1 ,g x y C f x y by choosing:

i. 1C ii. 10/ log 1C L L ; where L indicates the maximum gray level

128 212 255

, 54 62 124140 152 156

f x y

9M

4. a) Analyze with appropriate block diagram and expressions, the Homomorphic filter used in image enhancement.

9M

b) Explain the following with respect to image enhancement: i. Contrast Stretching ii. Gray level slicing

6M

Unit – III

5. a) Analyze the implication of motion in spatial domain and frequency domain segmentation.

9M

b) With appropriate functional block diagram, explain a general image compression system.

6M

Cont…2

::2::

6. a) Define and analyze the following terms used in image compression: i. Coding redundancy ii. Inter-pixel redundancy iii. Psycho-visual redundancy

9M

b) Explain in detail the lossy predictive coding method for image compression.

6M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss in detail about the threshold selection based on boundary characteristics. 8M b) What is meant by image segmentation? Mention the applications of image

segmentation.

7M

8. a) Discuss the principle of image segmentation by watershed transformation and explain its drawbacks.

7M

b) Explain the concept of thresholding in image segmentation and discuss its merits and limitations.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) What is color model? Discuss various color models available and its uses. 9M b) Explain about noise in color images.

6M

10. a) What is meant by morphology? Explain about hit or miss operation. 7M b) Explain the following morphological operations:

i. Thinning ii. Thickening

8M





OPERATIONS RESEARCH

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology & Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain various models of Operations Research. 5M b) Use Simplex method to solve the LPP:

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2

1 2 3

1 2, 3

Minimize – 3 2subject to3 2 7;2 4

+

12;4 3 8 1 0 , and 0

Z x x x

x x xx xx x x

x x x

10M

2. a) Write the general/Canonical form of a Linear Programming Problem. 3M b) Use graphical method to solve the LPP. Comment on the problem formulation.

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

Maximize 5 9subject to3 4 8 ; 2 4

, 0

Z x x

x xx xx x

12M

Unit – II

3. There are three factories A, B and C supplying goods to four dealers D1 , D2, D3 and D4. The production capacities of these factories are 1000, 700 and 900 units respectively. The requirements from the dealers are 900, 800, 500 and 400 units per month respectively. The per unit return (excluding transportation cost) are Rs 8/- Rs 7/- and Rs 9/- at the three factories. The following Table gives the unit transportation costs from the factories to dealers. Determine the optimum solution to maximize the total returns:

D1 D2 D3 D4 A 2 2 2 4 B 3 5 3 2 C 4 3 2 1

15M

Cont...2

::2::

4. a) The owner of a small machine shop has Four machines available to assign job for the day. Five jobs are offered with expected profit for each mechanic on each job which are as follows:

Jobs

A B C D E

Mechanic

1 62 78 50 111 82 2 71 84 61 73 59 3 87 92 111 71 81 4 48 64 87 77 80

Find the assignment of mechanics to the jobs that will result in a maximum profit.

8M

b) Find the least cost route for the following travelling salesman problem:

To A B C D E

From

A - 7 6 8 4 B 7 - 8 5 6 C 6 8 - 9 7 D 8 5 9 - 8 E 4 6 7 8 -

7M

Unit – III

5. a) What is sequencing? Write the procedure to graphically schedule 2 jobs on ‘m’ machines.

5M

b) There are five jobs each of which is to be processed through four machines A, B, C and D. Their processing times are given below. Determine the optimal sequence, Minimum elapsed time and idle time for each machine:

Processing time in hours Jobs A B C D

1 2 3 4 5

7 11 2

14 18

15 18 13 4

11

14 18 11 27 32

21 6

16 14 16

10M

6. a) Define queue. Briefly explain queuing system and their characteristics. 9M b) A self-service store employs one cashier at its counter. Nine customers arrive on an

average every 5 minutes while the cashier can serve 10 customers in 5 minutes. Assuming Poisson distribution for arrival rate and exponential distribution for service time, find: i. Average number of customer in the system ii. Average number of customer in the queue or average queue length iii. Average time a customer spends in the system iv. Average time a customer waits before being served

6M

Unit – IV

7. a) Justify the superiority of Group replacement policy over individual replacement policy. 3M b) The mortality of an electronic tube used in the computer is given below:

Period 1 2 3 4 5 Age interval of failures 0 - 200 201 - 400 401 - 600 601 - 800 801 - 1000

Probability of failure 0.10 0.26 0.35 0.22 0.07

If the tubes are group replaced, the cost of replacement is Rs.15/- per tube. Replacement of individual tubes those fail in service, cost Rs.60/- per tube. How frequently the tubes be group-replaced?

12M

Cont…3

::3::

8. a) Discuss about various costs involved in inventory management. 6M b) A company makes bicycles. It produces 450 bicycles a month. It buys the tires for

bicycles from a supplier at a cost of Rs. 20 per tire. The company’s inventory carrying cost is estimated to be 15% of cost and the ordering is Rs. 50 per order. Calculate: i. EOQ ii. The number of orders per year iii. The average annual carrying cost?

9M

Unit – V

9. a) Use the relation of dominance to solve the rectangular game whose pay off matrix to A is given in the following table:

A

B I II III IV V VI I II III IV V VI

0 4 4 4 4 4

0 2 3 3 3 3

0 0 1 7 4 3

0 2 3 -5 -1 -2

0 1 2 1 2 2

0 1 2 2 2 2

8M

b) Consider the payoff matrix of player A as shown in Table. Solve it optimally using graphical method:

B

A

I II I -6 7 II 4 -5 III -1 -2 IV -2 5 V 7 -6

7M

10. a) What is dynamic programming? Write step by step procedure to solve a general

problem by Dynamic programing approach. 6M

b) In a Cargo loading problem, there are 4 items of different weights/unit and different value/unit as given below:

Items (i) Weight/Unit (Wi, Kg/unit) Value/Unit (Pi, Rs/Unit) 1 2 3 4

1 3 4 6

1 5 7

11

The maximum cargo load is restricted to 17. How many units of each items can be loaded to maximize the value?

9M





DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEMS




Unit – I

1. a) Explain about the hardware concepts of distributed systems. 9M b) Discuss the key challenges that one needs to address in the design and development of

distributed applications.

6M

2. a) Write about a system that comes under tightly coupled software on tightly coupled hardware.

7M

b) Differentiate fine grained parallelism and coarse grained parallelism. Explain how distributed system performance is measured.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) What kinds of failures occur in RPC? Explain how they are handled. 9M b) What is Group communication? How can atomic broadcast are used to manage group

Membership?

6M

4. a) What are the different ways of implementing client server model? 7M b) Write short notes on:

i. Blocking verses Non Blocking Primitives ii. Buffered verses Un Buffered Primitives in client server model

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Write about a clock synchronization algorithm in which no machine has a WWV receiver and has a active time server.

8M

b) What is mutual exclusion? Explain a distributed approach for handling mutual exclusion.

7M

6. a) Write about concurrency control in distributed systems. 9M b) Explain probe based distributed algorithm for dead lock detection.

6M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain how processors in a distributed system can be organized using a Processor Pool Model.

8M

b) Discuss the Graph-Theoretic Deterministic Algorithm.

7M

8. a) Compare and contrast Dynamic versus Static Scheduling. 3M b) Write a brief note on the following:

i. NFS Architecture ii. NFS Protocols iii. NFS Implementation

12M

Unit – V

9. a) What is Consistency Model? Explain Release Consistency. 8M b) Discuss PRAM Consistency and Processor Consistency.

7M

10. a) Explain Process Communication in object based distributed shared memory. 5M b) How to find the owner of the page in a Page Based Distributed Shared Memory? 10M





NETWORK SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

(Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) Use double transposition cipher to encrypt and decrypt the text “Defend The East Wall Of The Castle ” with the encryption key 3 2 6 4 1 5.

7M

b) Encrypt the plaintext “Attack At Dawn ”using Hill cipher with the key: 2 4 59 2 13 17 7

Show calculation and cipher text.

8M

2. a) Explain symmetric cipher model with diagram. 7M b) Using play fair method Decrypt: UGRMKCSXHMUFMKBTOXGCMVATLUIV using

key=MONARCHY, explain the procedure for decryption method.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) With relevant diagram, explain Single Round of DES algorithm. 8M b) Given 2 as a primitive root of 29, construct a table of discrete logarithms and use it to

solve the following congruences: i. 217 10(mod 29)x

ii. 2 4 16 0(mod 29)x x

iii. 7 17 (mod 29)x

7M

4. a) Explain the testing for primality algorithm. 7M b) Find the two smallest integers for the following system:

i. 2(mod 5)x ii. 5(mod8)x iii. 4(mod37)x

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain RSA algorithm with an example. 8M b) Consider a Diffie-Hellman scheme with a common prime q=11.

i. Show that α=2 is a primitive root of 11 ii. If user A has public key YA=9 what is A’s private key iii. If use B has public key YB=3, what is the shared secret key K, shared with A

7M

6. a) With diagrams, explain DSS and RSA approaches to digital signatures. 8M b) What is hash function? List the requirements of hash function. Explain in detail. 7M

Unit – IV

7. a) What are the improvements in Kerberos version five over version four? 7M b) Briefly Explain about how PGP provides Authentication and Confidentiality services.

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

8. a) Discuss the Encapsulating Security Payload. Give the format of ESP packet. 7M b) Write about the MIME. Discuss the specifications and header fields defined in MIME.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) What is malicious program? Explain the key categories of malicious software types. 8M b) What is application level gateway? What are the advantages and disadvantages of

application gateway?

7M

10. a) Write and Explain TLS functions and alert codes of Transport Layer Security. 7M b) Write a short notes on:

i. Honey Pots ii. Logic Bomb iii Viruses iv. Worms

8M





MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT THROUGH J2ME

(Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the role of Wireless devices for supporting Java Applications. 5M b) Explain the wireless technology and radio transmissions.

10M

2. a) Explain the process in which the transmission can be done by modifying Amplitude and Frequency. 7M

b) Explain in detail about the networks that receives a microwave transmission from an earth.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) What are the three software packages need to be downloaded from java.sun.com? Explain the configuration instructions.

7M

b) Explain the process of creation, compilation, execution and deployment of Hello World program in J2ME.

8M

4. a) Explain any four constraints that will give benefit in the best patterns regarding J2ME applications.

8M

b) What is the process of running an application, so that MIDlets that access Internet resources by configuring the emulator?

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Which component of J2ME that displays information on the screen, prompts the user to perform a task? Explain with an example.

10M

b) What is the process of examining, to insert an instance of the Item class into the form of your J2ME application?

5M

6. a) What are the components that can be make use of the Item Class? Explain with suitable examples.

10M

b) Which emulator displays an error when running your MIDlet, because of downloading wrong ROM files?

5M

Unit – IV

7. a) Write a J2ME program that creates a JAD file while automating the writing and reading records.

8M

b) Write the steps for sorting a mixed data type record in a record enumeration.

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

8. a) Write a J2ME program that retrieves data from database table named student containing three fields ID Number, Name Varchar2(20) and Percentage Number(4, 2).

8M

b) Consider the below table:

OrderNumber ProdNumber CustomerNumber StoreNumber Quantity Sub Total

122 5237 591 345 1 325 334 3255 901 278 1 250 365 3255 901 278 4 1000 534 7466 591 825 3 1596 587 5237 845 345 1 325 717 1052 721 825 2 200 874 7466 721 825 1 532

Sample Entries in an Orders Table for Practice Calculating Data Write a J2ME program that performs COUNT() of the table, SUM(Quantity), AVG(SubTotal), MIN(ProdNumber) and MAX(OrderNumber).

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain session management. 8M b) List the seven GCF connection interfaces located in the javax.microedition.io package.

Mention their uses.

7M

10. a) Explain any five different header fields in a typical request header in brief. 5M b) Write a skeleton program to illustrate file protocol usage to write information to a file

from a MIDlet. 10M

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code : A1429



(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) VLSI DESIGN

(Electronics and Communication Engineering) Date: 15 November, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) Write short notes on: i. Channel length modulation ii. Body effect

8M

b) Draw the circuit diagram of differential inverter and explain its working.

7M

2. a) With necessary diagrams, derive an expression for current through an nMOS transistor from basic principles, for both linear region and saturated region.

8M

b) With the help of neat circuit and transfer characteristics curve, explain the different regions of operation of CMOS inverter.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Briefly explain the various steps involved in wafer processing. 5M b) With neat sketches, explain the various steps involved in CMOS fabrication in p-Well

process.

10M

4. a) Briefly explain the following: i. Ion-Implantation ii. Diffusion iii. The silicon gate process

6M

b) What is Latch-up in CMOS circuit? With neat sketches explain the effects of latch-up in CMOS structure and how to prevent the problem.

9M

Unit – III

5. a) Draw the stick diagram and layout diagram of CMOS inverter with proper colour coding.

9M

b) Derive the expression for Sheet resistance and Area capacitance of MOS transistor.

6M

6. a) Explain the different types of power dissipation techniques in CMOS. 9M b) Discuss λ based design rules for wires and transistors.

6M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is Dynamic logic? Draw and explain the operation of 3-input Dynamic CMOS NAND gate.

8M

b) With neat figure, explain C2MOS logic, Domino logic.

7M

8. a) What is a Pass transistor? With figure explain Pass transistor AND gate. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Pass transistor logic?

6M

b) What is Pseudo-NMOS logic? Draw and explain the operation of 3-input Pseudo-NMOS logic NOR gate.

9M

Unit – V

9. a) What is the need for testing? Explain about stuck at faults, Short and open circuit faults.

8M

b) What are the system level test techniques? Explain one of them with an example.

7M

10. a) Briefly explain Controllability and Observability with an example? 8M b) Write notes on chip level CMOS testing techniques? 7M

Hall Ticket No:

Question Paper Code: A1015




INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND PSYCHOLOGY

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Define Management. Discuss any seven Fayol’s principles of Management. 8M b) ‘Systems approach considers that functions of management are subsystems and

organization is system where all these functions are interlinked, interdependent and intertwined’ – Substantiate the statement?

7M

2. a) Explain the following concepts related to organization briefly: i. Authority and Responsibility ii. Delegation of Authority iii. Span of management iv. Management by objective

8M

b) Discuss the advantages and limitations of a scalar form of organization with a diagrammatic representation.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Define Plant Layout. What are its objectives? 6M b) Explain the following methods of production and their advantages with a diagram:

i. Job production ii. Batch production iii. Mass production

9M

4. a) What is Method Study? Explain the procedure involved in Method Study. 9M b) The elemental times (in minutes) for four cycles of an operator using stop watch are

given below. Calculate the standard time for the operation, if: i. Elements 2 and 4 are machine elements ii. For other elements the operator is rated @110% iii. Total allowances are 15% of normal time

Element Cycle time (in minutes) 1 2 3 4

1 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 2 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.6 3 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 5 0.51 0.51 0.52 0.49

6M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – III

5. a) Mention the methods of activity duration estimation in Project Management and Explain.

5M

b) Determine Early Start Time(TE) and Late Start Time (TL) in respect of all node points and identify critical path in the following network. Also ascertain whether any alternate critical path is existing.

Fig.1

10M

6. a) Differentiate between: i. Variables and Attributes ii. Chance Causes of Variation and Assignable Causes of Variation

9M

b) Draw a typical OC curve for a single sampling plan and explain the following quantities: i. AOQ ii. LTPD iii. AOQL iv. Producer’s Risk v. Consumer’s Risk vi. AQL

6M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is the role of Purchase Manager? 6M b) Giving the types of Inventories, mention any three functions. Describe ABC

technique of Inventory Classification.

9M

8. a) What are the different types of wage incentive schemes adopted to boost production?

6M

b) Mention any four important functions of HRM. Explain types of job evaluation methods.

9M

Unit – V

9. a) What is industrial psychology? Differentiate between industrial psychology and personnel management.

8M

b) Mention the objectives of industrial psychology.

7M

10. a) Differentiate between Theory X and Theory Y. 5M b) Discuss the experiment conducted by the Dr. Elton Mayo in Hawthorne plant of

Western Electric Company. What are the conclusions derived by the research team?

10M


VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)

B. Tech VII Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, November - 2016 (Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A)

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (Common to Electronics and Communication Engineering &

Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Date: 19 November, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) Define the characteristics of an embedded system with an embedded computing application.

7M

b) Explain the embedded system design process in detail with an example.

8M

2. a) Elaborate the hardware and software requirements of the embedded system design process.

8M

b) Conceptualize about structural description of formalisms for embedded system design.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the following instruction: i. MOVX A, @Rn ii. MOVC A, @A+DPTR iii. XCHD A, @R1 iv. SWAP A v. DIV AB vi. DA A vii. CPL A

7M

b) Assume that register A has ‘29’ packed BCD, write a program to convert packed BCD to two ASCII number & placed them in register R2 and R6.

8M

4. a) Demonstrate the addressing modes of 8051 microcontroller with one example each. 8M b) Describe the arithmetic instructions of 8051 with one example each.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the concept of : i. Mailboxes ii. Message Queues iii. Pipes iv. Semaphores (Binary, Counting and MUTEX)

8M

b) Explain how to setup the timer in hardware in RTOS environment.

7M

6. a) Explain the concept of saving memory and power in RTOS. 8M b) Demonstrate how the memory management takes place in RTOS.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Describe the concept of cross compiler and cross assembler in RTOS development. 8M b) Elaborate with neat diagram how the tool chain uses locator maps and segments in

embedded firmware.

7M

8. a) Discuss the different methods for getting the executable file into the target system. 8M b) Explain with neat diagram the basic method for testing embedded system software

on the host development.

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – V

9. a) List the main features of SHARC processor with block diagram. 7M b) Explain CAN bus and briefly discuss about each field in a CAN Bus frame.

8M

10. a) Describe the memory organization of ARM processor in detail. 8M b) Explain instruction parallelism in ARM processor (5 stage pipelining) with an

example. 7M

Hall TicketNo: Question Paper Code: A1431


(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech VII Semester End Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016

(Regulations: VCE-R11A)

CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS




Unit – I

1.

a) Prove that for Hexagonal Geometry the co-channel Reuse ratio is given by 3q k ,

where 2 2k i ij j . Calculate the Re-use ratio for shifting parameters i=1, j=2 and i=2, j=2.

7M

b) Consider a cellular system in which the total available voice channels to handle the traffic are 1200. The area of each cell is 9km2 and the total coverage area of the system is 3600km2: i. Calculate the system capacity if the cluster size, N is 4.

ii. Calculate system capacity if the cluster size, N is 7. Does decreasing the Reuse Factor N, increases the system capacity? Explain. iii. How many times should a cluster size of 7 be replicated to cover the entire cellular area?

8M

2. a) Draw the block diagram of Basic cellular system and explain its principle of operation. 7M b) Explain about Co-channel Interference Reduction in a cellular system.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the importance of antenna height in reduction of co-channel interference. 9M b) A base station receiver capable of providing 80dB of isolation between channels is

receiving a signal from a mobile unit 2km away. What is the minimum distance that a second mobile unit can transmit the signal from the near end mobile unit?

6M

4. a) Explain the importance of demultiplexer at the receiver to reduce the non-co-channel interference.

8M

b) Briefly explain about near-end-far-end interference in mobile systems.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Derive equation for phase difference between direct path and a ground reflected path.

9M

b) The average cell site antenna height is about 50m, the mobile antenna height is about 3m and the communication path length is 5KM. Obtain: i. Incident angle ii. Elevation angle at the antenna of the mobile unit iii. Elevation angle at the location of the mobile unit

6M

6. a) Explain different types of umbrella pattern antennas. 6M b) Explains ground incident angle and ground elevation angle. Obtain:

i. Slope angle ‘α’ of the hill ii. Incident angle ‘θ’ iii. Reflection point location from the cell site antenna using following parameters h1 =50m, h2=3m,d=5KM, H=100m

9M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) Differentiate between fixed and non-fixed channel assignment in detail. 8M b) Explain Underlay–Overlay arrangement of the Fixed Channel Assignment in detail.

7M

8. a) Why handoff is necessary for cellular systems? Determine the two types of handoffs based on signal strength and C/I ratio.

8M

b) Give the relation among capacity, voice quality and dropped call rate.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Write about GSM Architecture in detail with neat block diagram. 10M b) Explain about Mobility Management.

5M

10. a) Explain about Radio Resource (RR) Management. 5M b) Explain NA–TDMA architecture along with TDMA frame structure. 10M

Hall TicketNo: Question Paper Code: A1508


(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech VII Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016

(Regulations: VCE- R11A)

OPERATING SYSTEMS




Unit – I

1. a) What is an operating system? What are the common tasks performed and common services provided by the operating system?

10M

b) What are the advantages of distributed systems?

5M

2. a) What is process scheduling? List the different types of non preemptive scheduling and explain anyone with an example.

10M

b) Explain about the operating system structure with neat diagrams.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain about the locking protocols in synchronization. 6M b) Discuss the Peterson’s solution for a process to enter into the critical–section.

9M

4. Consider a system with 5 processes, P0, P1, P2, P3, P4 and 3 resources R0, R1, R2. R0 has 10 instances, R1 has 5 instances and R2 has 7 instances. The MAX and ALLOCATION data Structures are as follows:

15M

0 1 2

0

1

2

3

4

M a x

7 5 33 2 29 0 22 2 24 3 3

R R Rppppp

i. If P1 requests for [1 0 2] then what is the resulting state and give the safe sequence if any

ii. If P4 requests for [3 3 0] then what is resulting state and give safe sequence if any iii. If P0 requests for [0 2 0] then what is resulting state

Unit – III

5. a) Explain how virtual memory is implemented using demand paging. List its advantages.

10M

b) Explain file access methods in detail.

5M

6. a) Explain the following page replacement algorithms by taking necessary reference string: i. FIFO ii. LRU

8M

b) Explain with diagram the linked allocation of disk space.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain with an example any two different disk scheduling algorithms. 8M b) Explain about tertiary storage structure.

7M

Cont…2

0 1 2

0

1

2

3

4

A llo c a tio n

0 1 02 0 03 0 22 1 10 0 2

R R Rppppp

::2::

8. a) With a neat diagram explain PC bus structure. 7M b) What are the various services provided by Kernels related to I/O?

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Discuss the goals and principles of protection in a modern computer system. 7M b) How to resolve access rights to objects shared by different users?

8M

10. a) Explain the fundamentals of encryption, authentication and hashing. 9M b) How security violations of the system are categorized and explain threat monitoring. 6M




(Regulations: VCE-R11A) DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING



Unit – I

1. a) Define Digital Image Processing. Explain applications of Image processing in various bands of electromagnetic spectrum.

7M

b) Explain the digitization process of continuous image in detail. Define gray level resolution and spatial resolution in terms of a digital image.

8M

2. a) Describe simple image formation model. 5M b) Define digital path between pixels in a digital image. For the image shown below find out

shortest 4-path, 8- path and m-path between pixels ‘p’ and ‘q’. If a particular path does not exist, explain why. Assume set defined for adjacency 10,20,30,50V

( )

( )

10 20 30 40 5050 40 30 20 10

( , ) 10 20 30 40 5050 40 30 20 1010 20 30 40 50

q

p

f x y

10M

Unit – II

3. a) With necessary expressions, explain the following properties of 2D Fourier transform: i. Seperability ii. Convolution iii. Correlation iv. Average value

8M

b) For a 2 x 2 image transform A and the image u ,

1 11 *1 12

A

and

1 28 4

u

. Calculate the transformed image v and the basis image.

7M

4. a) Define Haar transform. State its various properties and indicate its sequence. 8M

b) Find the forward and inverse DCT for

1111

u

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain Histogram equalization and matching process with a suitable example. 8M b) Explain the use of second order derivatives in spatial domain image enhancement. 7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

6. a) How do we correlate the spatial properties of the image with the frequency components

of the Fourier transformed image? Explain the process of removing over all intensity of the image in frequency domain processing.

8M

b) Explain how simultaneous dynamic range compression and contrast enhancement is achieved in spatial domain processing.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss the non linear spatial filters that restore an image in which the degradation present is noise only, in terms of their performance

10M

b) Suggest processes that can be used when a single monochrome or several monochrome images are available for conversion into single color composite image whose color content is modulated by nature of transformation function.

5M

8. a) Justify that wiener filter restores images in presence of both degradation and noise 10M b) Explain how full color images are handled for a variety of image processing tasks.

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the following with respect to data compression: i. Psycho visual redundancy ii. Fidelity criteria

8M

b) Describe the hough transformation method to detect line segments.

7M

10. a) Define thresholding and explain the various methods of thresholding. 10M

b) Design a Huffman code for a source having symbols 1 2 3 4 5, , , ,S a a a a a with

1 3 2 4 50.2, 0.4, 0.1P a P a P a P a P a .

5M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURES AND APPLICATIONS



Unit – I

1. a) Describe the advantages of FPGA over its microprocessor counterpart. Consider an appropriate example and illustrate the concept of hierarchical design.

9M

b) Explain the concept of programmable polarities in a PAL.

6M

2. a) Define the following with respect to PLD technology: i. Generic Array Logic ii. Universal PAL iii. Output logic macrocell iv. Glue logic v. Mask cost as a function of line width

9M

b) With relevant diagram, analyze the different abstraction levels for FPGA design. Include the function and the cost involved for your analysis.

6M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the generic structure of an FPGA fabric including analysis related to interconnect paths and segmented wiring with relevant diagrams.

9M

b) Design a transistor schematic for a programmable interconnection point implemented using a three state buffer.

6M

4. a) Consider the Xilinx Spartan–II FPGA and explain its combinational logic block structure with relevant diagram.

9M

b) With a generalized structure and truth table, analyze the concept of logic blocks in antifuse programmed FPGAs

6M

Unit – III

5. a) Design a traffic light controller FSM with appropriate terminologies. 9M b) Discuss the key parameters to be considered when designing a logic circuit and its

corresponding mapping to an FPGA.

6M

6. a) Define the terms ‘slack’ and ‘criticality’ with respect to timing delays using an appropriate example.

6M

b) For the logic circuit given below, estimate the critical path using an appropriate cutset:

Fig.1

9M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) Analyze the process of technology independent logic optimization techniques with relevant diagrams.

9M

b) With an appropriate example, explain the process of logic synthesis.

6M

8. a) Analyze the different logic factorization methods with appropriate analogy. 6M b) Consider the following statements and thereby sketch the result of syntax directed

translation process: i. If (a) then x =e; else x = f ii. If (s) then z = a&b; else z = c+d iii. If (e) then x = a+b; else x = b|c

9M

Unit – V

9. a) Define the process of ‘one hot encoding’ with relevant example. 6M b) Design a counter that functions as a 3-bit odd parity generator when mode control = 1

and counts the sequence 0, 5, 2, 3, 7, 0, 5… when mode control = 0. Indicate the design with appropriate FSM.

9M

10. a) Analyze with an appropriate diagram the architecture and programmable interconnect of the ALTERA’s FLEX 8000 series.

9M

b) What are the advantages of Xilinx XC 4000 series FPGA? 6M





POWER SYSTEM SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the construction and principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages of an SF6 circuit breaker.

8M

b) The short circuit current of a 132KV system is 8000A. The current chopping occurs at 2.5% of peak value of the current. Calculate the prospective value of the voltage which will appear across the contacts of the circuit breaker. The value of stray capacitance to the earth is 100pF.

7M

2. a) Discuss the recovery rate theory and energy balance theory of an arc interruption in a circuit breaker.

7M

b) Show how restriking transients can be damped by connecting a resistance across the contacts of a circuit breaker.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Derive an expression for torque produced by an induction relay. 7M b) Describe the operating principle, constructional features and area of applications of

reverse power flow relay. What is a directional over current relay?

8M

4. a) What is an impedance relay? Explain impedance relay characteristics on the R-X diagram. Discuss the range setting of three impedance relay placed at a particular location.

8M

b) The time-current (PSM) characteristics of an over current relay for TSM of 1 is given in the table:

PSM 2 3 5 7 10 13 15 18 20 Operating time in seconds 10 6.8 4.4 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2

If the current plug setting is adjusted to 50% and the time multiplier is adjusted to 0.75, calculate the time of operation of the relay when the fault current is 3000A and the relay is connected to a CT ratio 400/5.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Describe with neat diagram, how combined leakage and overload protection is used for transformer protection.

9M

b) Explain with neat diagram, generator inter-turn fault protection by residual voltage direction.

6M

6. a) With neat diagram explain biased differential protection used for power transformers. 9M b) A 6.6kV, 10MVA star connected alternator has a reactance of 2Ω per phase and negligible

resistance. Merz-price protection is used for protection of winding. The neutral grounding resistance is 5Ω. If only 10% of the winding is to remain unprotected, determine the setting of the relay.

6M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) What is a travelling wave? Explain the development of such wave on overhead line. 8M b) A surge of 200kV travelling on a line of surge impedance 400Ω reaches a junction of the

line with two branch lines of surge impedance 500Ω and 300Ω respectively. Find the surge voltage and current transmitted into each branch line. Also find the reflected surge voltage and current.

7M

8. a) Briefly explain about Bewley’s lattice diagram for a bifurcated line. 7M b) A line of surge impedance 400Ω is charged from a battery of constant voltage 135V. The

line is 300m long and is transmitted in resistance of 200Ω. Plot reflection lattice and the voltage across terminating resistance.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the effect of ungrounded neutral on system performance with neat sketch. 8M b) Explain about reactance grounding. What are the advantages and disadvantages over

resistance grounding?

7M

10. a) What are various causes for over voltages in power system? 8M b) Describe the construction and operation of valve type lightning arresters. 7M





POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the terms: i. Heat rate curve ii. Cost curve iii. Input-output characteristics of a steam power plant iv. Incremental cost curve

8M

b) The fuel cost of two units are given by: 2

1 1 1

22 2 2

1.0 25 0.2 . / .

1.5 35 0.2 . / .G G

G G

C P P Rs hrC P P Rs hr

If the total demand on the generators is 200 MW, find the economic load scheduling of the two units.

7M

2. a) Derive the necessary equation for optimal allocation of thermal plants when losses are neglected.

7M

b) On a system consisting of two generating plants, the incremental costs in Rs./MWh with

1GP and 2GP in MW are:

11

1

0.008 8.0GG

dC PdP

22

2

0.012 9.0GG

dC PdP

The system is operating on economic dispatch with 1GP = 2GP =500MW and 2G

L

PP

= 0.2.

Find the penalty factor of plant–1.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain different models of hydro thermal plant. 6M b) Explain method of Lagrange multipliers for short term hydro thermal scheduling

considering cost of water.

9M

4. a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydro power plants? Discuss the constraints in hydro-thermal scheduling.

8M

b) What are the factors on which economic operation of a combined hydro thermal system depends?

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain speed governor system with schematic diagram. 7M b) Two generators rated 200MW and 400MW are operating in parallel. Droop

characteristics of their governors are 4% and 5% respectively from no load to full load. Assuming that the generators are operating at 50Hz at no load, how would a load of 600MW be shared between them? What will be the system frequency at this load? Assume free governor operation. Repeat the problem, if both governors have a drop of 4%.

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

6. a) Write the block diagram representation of IEEE Type-1 model of excitation system and

explain. 8M

b) A 100MVA synchronous generator operates on full load at frequency of 50Hz. The load is suddenly reduced to 50MW. Due to time lag in governor system, steam valve begins to close after 0.4sec. Determine the change in frequency that occurs in this time.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Develop the block diagram of the uncontrolled load frequency control of a two area system.

8M

b) Compare the steady state and dynamic operations of an isolated power system.

7M

8. a) Explain about proportional plus integral load frequency control of single area system with a neat block diagram.

8M

b) What are the differences between uncontrolled, controlled and tie-line bias load frequency control of a two area system?

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain briefly about compensation of transmission lines. 8M b) What is a load compensator? Explain.

7M

10. a) List out advantages and disadvantages of different types of compensating equipment’s for transmission systems.

6M

b) Explain different static var compensators with neat diagrams. 9M





POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DRIVES (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the operation of single phase fully controlled converter fed dc separately excited motor in continuous conduction mode. And also draw its torque speed characteristics.

8M

b) A 200V, 875rpm, 150A separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance of 0.06Ω. It is fed from a single phase fully controlled rectifier with an ac source voltage of 220V, 50Hz. The armature circuit inductance is 2.85mH. Assuming continuous conduction, calculate speed for α=1200 and T=1200N-m.

7M

2. a) Explain the operation of three phase semi converter controlled fed dc series motor in continuous conduction mode. And also draw its torque speed characteristics.

10M

b) A 220V, 1500rpm, 50A separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance of 0.5Ω. It is fed from a three phase semi converter controlled with an ac source voltage of 440V (line), 50Hz. A star–delta connected transformer is used to feed the armature so that motor terminal voltage equals rated voltage when converter firing angle is zero. Determine the firing angle when motor is running at 1200rpm and rated torque.

5M

Unit – II

3. What is mean by braking? Explain different types of electrical braking methods in DC motors and draw its speed torque characteristics.

15M

4. a) With the neat circuit diagram explain operation of step down chopper fed dc motor. Derive the expression for the steady state current ripple.

10M

b) A 250V separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance of 2.5Ω, when driving a load at 600rpm with constant torque, the armature takes 20A. This motor is controlled by a chopper circuit with a frequency of 4000Hz and input voltage of 250V. What should be the value of the duty ratio if one desired to reduce the speed from 600rpm to 540rpm with load torque maintained constant?

5M

Unit – III

5. a) With a neat circuit diagram explain the VSI driven induction motor. 10M b) A three-phase, star connected 50Hz, 4-pole induction motor has the following

parameters in ohms per phase referred to the stator. Rs=Rr’=0.034Ω and Xs=X'r=0.18Ω. If the rated slip is 4% then determine the motor speed for rated torque and f=25Hz. The motor is controlled with constant (V/f) ratio.

5M

6. a) Discuss the speed control of three phase induction motor using current source inverter. Draw its speed torque characteristics.

8M

b) Using the equivalent circuit of induction motor derive the relation between the torque and slip in an induction motor and draw its torque-slip characteristics.

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. Using rotor side control methods explain sub and super synchronous speed control method for an induction motor drive.

15M

8. a) What are the advantages of electric drives? Explain the advantages of AC drives over DC drives.

5M

b) Explain the static rotor resistance control method for the speed control of induction motor with neat block diagram. Derive the relation between effective external resistance and duty ratio. Draw its speed torque characteristics.

10M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the operation of self-controlled synchronous motor drive employing load commutated thyristor inverter.

7M

b) Explain the closed loop operation of synchronous motor drive using current source inverter.

8M

10. a) Explain the operation of self-controlled synchronous motor drive employing cyclo converter.

7M

b) Explain closed loop speed control of load commutated inverter synchronous motor drive. 8M





ENTREPRENEURSHIP (Common to Electrical and Electronics Engineering,

Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautical Engineering) Date: 24 November, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) “Entrepreneurs are made with special characteristics” Do you agree? Justify. 7M b) “Ethics” play an important role in entrepreneurial journey. Explain the role of ethics with

examples. 8M

2. a) What is the role of entrepreneurs in the economic development of a country? 6M b) Entrepreneurs are always faced lot of issues and challenges- explain. What are the

initiatives taken by Indian government to overcome the barriers? 9M

Unit – II

3. a) Examine the role of EDI in promoting entrepreneurial culture. 7M b) Examine the role of the following institutions in developing entrepreneurship:

i. DIC ii. IDBI

8M

4. a) Explain the role of MSME in economic development of India. 7M b) Examine the role of the following institutions in developing entrepreneurship:

i. SIDO ii. NIESBUD

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Compare and contrast the profiles of any two successful Indian women entrepreneurs. 8M b) What are the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in India? 7M

6. a) In a vibrant business world of today, the scope for women entrepreneurs have significantly increased. Trace the development of women entrepreneurship in India.

9M

b) Discuss the functions carried by women entrepreneurs. Compare and contrast these with that of male counterpart.

6M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the different classification of projects. 8M b) What is social cost benefit analysis? Explain with examples. 7M

8. a) What are the various aspects of project management in entrepreneurship? 7M b) Explain the various options available in entrepreneurial project financing.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the process of collection of feedback of trainees and assessment of performance of trainees.

7M

b) List the significance of effective training to entrepreneurs. 8M

10. a) What are the different methods involved in designing the training program? 8M b) What are the training needs of entrepreneurs? 7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11A) HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Date: 26 November, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) What are the numerical methods for electric field computation? Explain any one method and derive the necessary equations.

9M

b) Write a note on applications of insulation in circuit breakers.

6M

2. a) Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of different numerical methods for solution of field problems.

8M

b) Write a short note on applications of insulation in a power transformer.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Define Townsends’ first and second ionization coefficients. How is the condition for breakdown obtained in a Townsend discharge?

9M

b) What will the breakdown strength of air be for small gaps(1mm) and large gaps (20cm) under uniform field conditions and standard atmospheric conditions?

6M

4. a) What are the factors that influence conduction in pure liquid dielectrics and in commercial liquid dielectrics?

8M

b) What is a composite dielectric and what are its properties?

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain with diagram, different types of multiplier circuits for producing high d.c. voltage.

8M

b) A Tesla coil has primary winding rated for 10kv, of L1, L2, K are 10mH, 200mH and 0.6 respectively. Find the peak value of the output voltage if primary capacitance is 2µF and secondary capacitance is 1.0nF. Neglect the winding resistance.

7M

6. a) Describe the generating voltmeter used for measuring high d.c. voltage and compare it with a potential divider.

7M

b) A generating voltmeter has to be designed so that it can have a range from 20 to 200kV d.c. If the indicating meter reads a minimum current of 2µA and Maximum current of 25µA, what should be capacitance of generating volt meter?

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain clearly the mechanism of lighting stroke. 8M b) What are the causes of over voltages in EHV systems? Explain voltage rise due to

sudden load rejection.

7M

8. a) Explain the terms attenuation and distortion of travelling waves propagating on overhead lines. What is the effect of corona on the transmission lines?

8M

b) A three phase single circuit transmission line is 400km long. If the line is rated for 220kV and has the parameters R=0.1ohm/km, L=1.26mH/km, c=0.009µF/ km and G=0. Find surge impedance and velocity of propagation neglecting the resistance of the line. If a surge of 150kV strikes at one end of the line, what is the time taken for the surge to travel to the other end of the line.

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – V 9. a) Explain the high voltage Schering bridge for tanδ and capacitance measurement of

insulators or bushings. 8M

b) While doing studies on partial discharges in cavities of cylindrical disc of 10cm diameter and 1cm thickness, a cylindrical cavity of 1mm diameter and 1mm thickness is made at its center. The discharge voltage measured across the specimen is 0.2V with sensitivity of 1pC/volt. What is the magnitude of charge transferred from the cavity? Take εr of the disc=2.5.

7M

10. a) Explain with a neat schematic diagram, one method of measuring Radio Interference Voltage (RIV) of transmission line hardware.

7M

b) Explain the partial discharge tests on high voltage cables. How is a fault in the insulation located in this test?

8M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) INSTRUMENTATION

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Date: 26 November, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) Explain the Dead band, resolution and sensitivity with respect to measuring Instruments. 6M b) What are standard input signals? Explain its response to a first order system.

9M

2. a) With a neat diagram explain various types of pulse modulations. 7M b) A temperature probe is transferred from air at 250C to air at 350C, then to water at 700C

and back o air at 350C. Assume that in each case the transfer is instantaneous, the time constants and time sequences are as follows. In air, probe dry ĩ=30sec, In water ĩ= 5sec. In air, Probe wet ĩ=20sec. for t≤ 0 sec T = 250 C (initial temperature) 0 ≤ t ≤ 7, T = 350 C (dry probe in air) 7 ≤ t ≤ 15, T = 700 C (probe in water) 15 ≤ t ≤ 30, T = 350 C (wet probe in air) Calculate the indicated temperature and sketch the indicated temperature for T = Tin + (TA – Tin ) e-t/ĩ.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the functioning of a Time base generator in a CRO. 7M b) Explain the principle of operation of sampling oscilloscope.

8M

4. a) Derive the expression for deflection sensitivity in a CRT. 10M b) A CRT has an anode voltage of 2000V and parallel deflecting plates 2cm long and 5mm

apart. The screen is 30cm from the centre of the plates. Find the input voltage required to deflect the beam through 3cm. The input voltage is applied to the deflecting plates through amplifiers having an overall gain of 100.

5M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the principle of operation of heterodyne wave analyzer. 10M b) What are the applications of wave analyzers?

5M

6. a) Draw a basic Q meter and explain its principle of operation. 10M b) A circuit consisting of a coil, a resistance and a variable capacitor connected in series is

tuned to resonance using a Q-meter. If the variable capacitor set to 350pf, calculate the effective inductance and resistance of the coil if the Q-meter indicates 90 and frequency is 500KHz.

5M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is the basic principle of resistive transducers? Explain the effective of resistive transducers, use as primary and secondary transducers and the range of measurands.

8M

b) Derive the Gauge factor of a Strain Gauge.

7M

8. a) With a neat block diagram explain the Synchro pair used for detection of position error. 8M b) Explain the working of LVDT and how it is compensated for null voltages. 7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – V

9. a) Describe the method of angular velocity measurement using AC Tacho generator. 8M b) Compare the characteristics of RTD, Thermocouple and Thermistor and comment on their

applications.

7M

10. a) Explain the measurement of flow using electromagnetic flow meter. 8M b) List out the advantages and disadvantages of D.C tachometer generators.

7M





CAD/CAM (Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the various stages of product cycle overlaid with CAD/CAM. 9M b) Discuss the role of computers in industrial manufacturing.

6M

2. a) Write Cohen-Sutherland clipping algorithm. 7M b) The vertices of a triangle are situated at points (15, 30), (25, 35) and (5, 35). Find the

coordinates of the vertices if the triangle is rotated by 200 counter clockwise about its centroid.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Differentiate between parametric and nonparametric representation of curve with one example.

7M

b) Draw a parametric surface patch showing all the boundary conditions.

8M

4. a) Specify the range of modeling facilities desired in any general purpose modeling system. 7M b) Describe any four basic editing commands.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Define circle, plane and patterns in APT language. 6M b) Explain the codes G00, G01, G02, M03, M05 and M06 in NC part program.

9M

6. a) Write the procedure of production flow analysis. 8M b) What is machining center? Explain its salient feature.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain the construction and working of Gantry type coordinate measuring machine. 8M b) How does the machine vision work for the automated inspection system in industries?

7M

8. a) Differentiate between contact and noncontact inspection methods. 8M b) Explain the basic functions of machine vision system.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the analysis of material handling systems. 8M b) Explain briefly various components of computer integrated manufacturing systems.

7M

10. a) Why are the unskilled labors replaced with skilled labors in computer integrated manufacturing systems?

8M

b) How does the internet technology help the computer integrated manufacturing systems? 7M





INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

(Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) With a neat sketch explain the working of a capacitive transducer for measurement of displacement.

8M

b) Explain the basic principle of Piezoelectric transducer and how it can be used for measurement of displacement.

7M

2. a) With a neat block diagram, explain the working of a Generalized measurement system. 8M b) Explain the basic principles involved in resistive transducers for measurement of

displacement with an example as potentiometers.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Draw the diagram of spring bounded bellows and explain the measurement of pressure using them.

7M

b) Draw the U-tube manometer and explain its application in pressure measurement.

8M

4. a) Draw the neat diagram of Magnetic flow meter and explain its working. 8M b) Explain the direct and indirect methods of level measurement.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Draw the diagram of DC Tacho generator and with its advantages and disadvantages. 8M b) Explain the Drag cup Rotor AC Tacho generator working with a neat diagram.

7M

6. a) With a neat sketch explain the working of piezo electric accelerometer. Write its advantages and disadvantages.

8M

b) Explain the working of strain gauge accelerometer with neat sketch.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Draw the set up of an unbounded metal strain gauge and measurement of strain with a wheat stone bridge. Derive the necessary formula for the Gauge factor.

9M

b) With a neat sketch explain the working of strain gauge torsion meter. 6M

8. a) Explain total radiation pyrometer with a neat sketch. 8M b) What are thermocouples? State and explain the laws governing the functioning of

thermocouples. 7M

Unit – V

9. a) With a neat block diagram explain the position control system operation. 7M b) What is a control system? Explain the differences between open loop control system and

closed loop control system with an example.

8M

10. a) With a neat diagram, explain the working of a Absorption Psychro-meter in measurement of humidity.

8M

b) With a neat diagram, explain the working of a Sling Psychro-meter. 7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

(Mechanical Engineering) Date: 19 November, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) Define the following: i. Refrigerating effect ii. Ton of Refrigeration iii. C.O.P

6M

b) The capacity of a refrigerator is 600 tons when working between -50C and 200C. Find the mass of ice produced within 24 hours when water is supplied at 100C. Also find the minimum Kilo Watt required to run the system. Assume the cycle of operation is Carnot cycle. Latent heat of ice=336kJ/kg.

9M

2. a) Explain application of refrigeration in: i. Dairy Products ii. Trucks and Trailers

6M

b) A dense closed cycle air-refrigeration system working between 4 bar and 16 bar extracts 120X103kJ of heat per hour. The air enters the compressor at 50C and into the expander at 200C. Assuming the unit runs at 300r.p.m. Find: i. Kilo Watt required to run the unit ii. Bore of compressor iii. Refrigerating capacity in tons of ice at 00C per day Take the following : Compressor and expander are double acting and stroke for compressor and expander is 30cm. Mechanical efficiency of compressor is 80%, mechanical efficiency of expander is 85%. Latent heat of ice is 336kJ/kg. Assume the compression and expansion are isentropic and Cp=1kJ/kg K.

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Describe the mechanism of a simple vapour compression refrigeration system. 7M b) A simple NH3 vapour compression system has compressor with piston displacement of

2m3/min, a condenser pressure of 12 bar and evaporator pressure of 2.5 bar. The liquid is subcooled to 200C by soldering the liquid line to suction line. The temperature of vapour leaving the compressor is 1000C, heat rejected to compressor cooling water is 5000kj/hour and volumetric efficiency of compressor is 0.8. Compute Capacity, Indicated power and C.O.P of the system.

8M

4. a) Discuss the advantages of vapour absorption refrigeration system over vapour compression refrigeration system.

7M

b) Derive an expression for Coefficient of performance of an ideal vapour absorption refrigeration system.

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – III

5. a) With the help of line diagram, discuss the use of electronic expansion valve in a refrigeration system.

8M

b) What are the ideal properties of refrigerant used in refrigeration system?

7M

6. a) Discuss the harmful effects on use of CFC’s and HCFC’s in vapour compression refrigeration system.

8M

b) With the help of neat sketch explain the working of Thermoelectric refrigerator.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Define the following: i. Wet bulb temperature ii. Dew point temperature iii. Degree of saturation iv. Relative humidity

8M

b) 100m3 of air per minute at 150C DBT and 80% Relative Humidity is heated until its temperature becomes 220C. Find: i. Heat added to air per minute ii. Relative Humidity of heated air and its WBT Take atmospheric pressure=1.013 bar.

7M

8. a) Write short notes on: i. Cooling with adiabatic humidification of air ii. Sensible cooling

6M

b) 200m3 of air is passed through an adiabatic humidifier per minute. The condition of air at inlet is 400C DBT and 15% R.H. and outlet condition is 250C DBT and 200C WBT. Find the following: i. DPT ii. Relative humidity of the exit air iii. Amount of water vapour added to the air per minute Take atmospheric pressure pt=1.033 bar.

9M

Unit – V

9. a) With the help of neat sketch explain the evaporative cooler used for air-conditioning. 7M b) A building is to be maintained at 21°C dry bulb and 45% saturation in an ambient of 27°C

dry bulb, 20°C wet bulb. Calculate the sensible, latent and total air-cooling loads for a fresh air flow of 1.35kg/s.

8M

10. a) With the help of neat sketch explain the working of air-to-air heat pump system. 7M b) Return air from an office space picks up 90% of the input of 15kW to the lighting fittings.

Of this return air flow, 25% is rejected to ambient. What is the resulting heat gain from the lights? If the return air picks 60% of the input, what percentage of the heat gain increases?

8M





AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (Mechanical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) With a neat sketch explain the working of pressure lubrication system. 8M b) Draw the layout of a 4-wheel drive vehicle and explain the significance of each system.

7M

2. a) With a neat sketch, explain crank case ventilation. 5M b) What are the objectives of supercharging? Explain a method of supercharging with a

neat sketch.

10M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain why carburetors are replaced by petrol injection systems in almost all four wheeler automobiles.

6M

b) Describe briefly about Multi point fuel injection system (MPFI) for S.I engines with a neat sketch.

9M

4. a) Write a note on pollution norms prevailing in India. 7M b) Explain Electric fuel pump with a neat sketch.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain any one ignition advancing mechanism with a neat sketch. How does advancing affect the engine performance?

10M

b) Compare the battery and magneto ignition systems. Discuss to what kind of engines they are suitable and why?

5M

6. a) Comparing various engine cooling methods, comment on which is better and under which circumstances.

4M

b) With a neat sketch, explain the working of forced circulation system. Also explain how Thermostat valve operates with relevant sketches.

11M

Unit – IV

7. a) With a neat sketch explain the working of multi plate clutch. 8M b) With a neat sketch explain the construction and working of fluid flywheel.

7M

8. a) With a neat sketch explain the construction and working of master cylinder of hydraulic brake system.

8M

b) With a neat sketch explain the construction and working of Vacuum brakes.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) What is the condition for correct steering? List out the functions of steering system. 7M b) Discuss the effect of Castor and Camber on vehicle stability.

8M

10. a) Discuss the construction and working of shock absorber. 8M b) Explain the working of Independent suspension system. 7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/R11A) COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

(Aeronautical Engineering) Date: 15 November, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75


Unit – I

1. a) Find the missing velocity component and acceleration for the following velocity field 2 2 2 , , ?u x y a v xy yz xz w If it is divergence free.

5M

b)

Write the substantial derivatives of velocity and temperature at a point. What do they signify?

10M

2. a) Derive the continuity equation for a compressible fluid. 9M b) Explain the steps using CFD in problem solving process.

6M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the terms of shock fitting and shock capturing. 9M b) Explain the physical significance of parabolic and Elliptic partial differential equations.

6M

4. a) Explain how a first order PDE is classified by using method of characteristics. 7M b) Prove that 1D EULER equations form strictly hyperbolic equations.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) For a unsteady Convection diffusion equation derive the expression for a finite difference formulation for Forward Time Central Space (FTCS).

6M

b) Derive the Expression for the stability for FTCS for the above equation and discuss the stability conditions.

9M

6. The Governing equations for Compressible flow in conservative and primitive form are given by where U and V are respectively the conservative vector and Primitive variable vector given by:

, 0, 0,ij i

i i

FU V V UU V A Mt x t x V

E

2 2

12

uu vVv u v

Ep

Obtain the Jacobian of transformation given by the matrix M.

15M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – IV

7. a) What is a stretched grid? Why is it required in viscous flow of a fluid past a solid surface?

8M

b) A fluid is in laminar flow over a flat plate. The velocity profile is parabolic. Discuss the variable grid concept for this case.

7M

8. a) What is meant by grid generation? Explain various types of grid generation techniques. 5M

b) For the Fig.1 given below, Explain the transformation from , ,x y using elliptic grid generation technique:

Fig.1

10M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the concept of coordinate system control using adaptive mesh in the numerical solution of transient flow problems.

8M

b) How are the boundary fitted coordinate systems generated?

7M

10. a) Explain the difference between structured and unstructured grids. 8M b) How does parabolic grid generation differ from elliptic and hyperbolic grid generators?

Explain. 7M





VIBRATIONS AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (Aeronautical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) A harmonic motion is given by 3( ) 10sin(30 )x t t mm where t is in seconds and phase angle in radians. Find: i. Frequency and the period of motion ii. Maximum displacement iii. Velocity and acceleration

5M

b) Calculate the natural frequency of the system shown in Fig.1, if the mass of the rod is negligible.

Fig.1

10M

2. a) An instrument has a natural frequency of 10Hz. It can stand a maximum acceleration of 10m/sec2. Find the amplitude.

3M

b) Find the natural frequency of the system shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2

12M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain in detail co-ordinate coupling. 7M b) An automobile weights 20000 N and has a wheel base of 3.0m. Its centre of gravity is

located 1.4 m behind the front wheel axis and has a radius of gyration about its C.G. as 1.1m. The front springs have a combined stiffness of 60000N/cm and rear springs 65000N/cm. Find the principle mode of vibration of the automobile, and locate the nodal point for each mode.

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

4. a) Explain the principle of vibration absorber. 4M b) Derive the characteristic equation for Dynamic vibration absorber.

11M

Unit – III

5. Determine the natural frequencies of the following system:

Fig.3

15M

6. a) Explain whirling speed of the shaft. 4M b) The rotor of a turbo super charger weighing 90N is keyed to a center of a 25mm

diameter steel shaft 40cm between bearings. Determine: i. The critical speed of the shaft ii. The amplitude of vibration of the rotor at the speed of 3200 rpm if the eccentricity is

0.015 mm iii. The vibratory force transmitted to the bearings at this speed. Assume the shaft to be

simply supported and that the shaft material has a density of 8000 kg/cm cube Take E=2.1x 107N/cm2.

11M

Unit – IV

7. Determine the natural frequency of the system shown in Fig.4 using matrix iteration and orthoganility conditions.

Fig.4

15M

8. a) Explain Rayleigh Ritz method for finding natural frequencies of a system. 7M b) Determine the first two natural frequencies of a fixed-fixed uniform string of mass

density ‘p’ per unit length stretched between 0x and 1x with an initial tension T. The deflection functions are given by 1( ) (1 )y x x x and 2 2

2 ( ) (1 )y x x x .

8M

Unit – V

9. Using matrix iteration method find lowest natural frequencies of the system:

Fig.5

15M

10. Explain the procedure for the determination of Eigen values and Eigen vectors. 15M





AVIONICS

(Aeronautical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Define Avionics systems. Explain briefly Flight Management System (FMS). 5M b) Explain briefly the essence of avionics systems. Enumerate the advantages by using

avionics in civil and military aircrafts.

10M

2. a) With a neat schematic diagram explain single element combiner Head up display. 7M b) Mention the main characteristics of touch screens. Explain CRT and its usage in aircraft

displays.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the basic principles of audio transmitter and receiver used in aircraft communication systems.

8M

b) Give an account of aircraft Audio systems and its effective use.

7M

4. a) Elucidate the working principle of VHF communication system and its need in aircraft communication systems.

8M

b) Elaborate in detail about UHF communication system and its need in aircraft communication systems.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain in detail about VOR receiver principles. 8M b) Explain the operation principles of the following:

i. Distance measuring equipment (DME) ii. Global Positioning System (GPS)

7M

6. a) Give the principles of operation of Instrument Landing System (ILS) with its construction features.

7M

b) Explain triangulation method using in Global Position System (GPS).

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain in detail about the components of Inertial Navigation System (INS). 8M b) Give in detail information about the role of accelerometers, gyros stabilized platform in

Inertial Navigation System (INS).

7M

8. a) Explain operation, interrogation and replay standards in ATC surveillance systems. 7M b) Clearly bring out the working principle of collision avoidance system, and ground

proximity warning system in aiding the navigation of an aircraft.

8M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain fly by wire and fly by light technologies in automatic flight control systems. 10M b) Elucidate in detail about Flight Director Systems (FDS).

5M

10. a) Elaborate the role of Integrated Data Transfer methodology in auto flight systems. 8M b) Explain the components of flight management system and its principle. 7M





HEAT TRANSFER




Unit – I

1. a) State and explain Fourier’s law for heat transfer. Mention the assumptions on which it is based.

6M

b) Derive the general heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates.

9M

2. a) Explain briefly the mechanism of conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer. 6M b) A carbon steel plate (k=45W/m 0C) 600mm X 900mm X 25mm is maintained at 3100C. Air

at 150C blows over the hot plate. If convection h=22W/m2 0C and 250W is lost from the plate surface by radiation, calculate the inside plate temperature.

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain how fin analysis is useful for measuring the temperature error of thermometer. 5M b) A 100mm diameter and length 20m steam pipe is covered with two layers of lagging.

The inside layer is 40mm thick and has a thermal conductivity of 0.07W/m-K. The oust side layer is 25mm thick and has a thermal conductivity of 0.1W/m-K. The pipe carries a steam at 2340C. The outside temperature of lagging is 240C. Determine: i. The heat lost per hour ii. The interface temperature

10M

4. a) What are Biot and Fourier numbers? Explain their physical significance. 6M b) An industrial freezer is designed to operate with an internal air temperature of -200C

when the external air temperature is 250C and the internal and external heat transfer coefficients are 12W/m2 K and 8W/m2 K, respectively. The walls of the freezer are composite construction, comprising of an inner layer of plastic (k=1W/m K, and thickness of 3mm) and an outer layer of stainless steel (k=16W/m K, and thickens of 1mm). Sandwiched between these two layers is a layer of insulation material with k= 0.07W/m K. Find the width of the insulation that is required to reduce the convective heat loss to 15 W/m2.

9M

Unit – III

5. a) Define Reynolds, Nusselt, and Prandtl numbers. Explain their importance in convective heat transfer.

6M

b) The crankcase of an I.C engine measuring 80cm X 20cm may be idealised as a flat plate. The engine runs at 90km/h and the crankcase is cooled by the air flowing past it at the same speed. Calculate the heat loss from the crank surface maintained at 850C, to the ambient air at 150C. Due to road induced vibration, the boundary layer becomes turbulent from the leading edge itself.

9M

6. a) Explain the concept of velocity and thermal boundary layers. 5M b) Air at 250C flows past a flat plate at 2.5m/s. the plate measures 600mm X 300mm and is

maintained at a uniform temperature at 950C. Calculate the heat loss from the plate, if the air flows parallel to the 600mm side. How this heat loss would be affected if the flow of air is made parallel to the 300mm side.

10M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – IV

7. a) Distinguish between film wise and drop wise condensation. Which of the two gives higher heat transfer coefficient? Why.

6M

b) Hot chemical products (Cph=2.5 kJ/kg K) at 6000 C and at a flow rate of 30kg/s are used to heat cold chemical products (Cp=4.2kJ/kg K) at 2000 C and at a flow rate 20kg/s in a parallel flow heat exchanger. The total heat transfer is 50W/m2 and the overall heat transfer coefficient may be taken as 1500W/m2 K. Calculate the outlet temperatures of the hot and cold chemical products.

9M

8. a) Sketch the temperature variation in parallel flow and counter flow heat exchangers. Which of the two gives is more efficient? Why?

6M

b) A vertical tube of 60mm outside diameter and 1.2m long is exposed to steam at atmospheric pressure. The outer surface of the tube is maintained at a temperature of 500C by circulating cold water through the tube. Calculate: i. The rate of heat transfer to the coolant ii. The rate of condensation of steam

9M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the following laws relevant to radiation heat transfer: i. Lambert law ii. Wien’s displacement law iii. Planck’s law

6M

b) Calculate the net radiant heat exchange per m2 area for two large parallel plates at temperatures of 4270C and 270C. Є (hot plate)=0.9 and Є (cold plate)=0.6.If a polished aluminium shield is placed between them, find the % reduction in the heat transfer Є(shield)=0.4.

9M

10. a) What is a shape factor and explain its significance in heat transfer. 5M b) Two black discs of diameter 50cm are placed directly opposite at a distance of 1m apart.

The discs are maintained at 1000K respectively. Find heat flow between discs: i. When no other surfaces are present ii. When discs are connected by right cylindrical black no flux surface

10M





NANO TECHNOLOGY




Unit – I

1. a) What are the challenges faced by researchers in nanotechnology? 8M b) Why [surface area/volume] ratio is very large for nanoparticle compared to bulk

materials? Explain with a simple example.

7M

2. a) What are the differences between top down approach and bottom up approach in synthesis of nano powders? Which approach is applicable for fabrication of thin film by thermal evaporation technique?

8M

b) What is quantum dot? Explain the quantum confinement effect in quantum dot.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Define Bucky ball. List any three methods for producing Bucky balls. List any two applications of Bucky balls.

7M

b) Discuss one method of preparation of CNT. Write its electrical properties.

8M

4. a) Why C-60 molecules are called as Bucky balls? Give reasons. 6M b) Write a brief note on growth mechanism of single walled CNT.

9M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain about any two physical methods that are used for fabrication of Nano materials. 8M b) Explain about Molecular beam Epitaxy and Chemical Vapour deposition method in brief.

7M

6. a) Explain the working principle of the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with a neat sketch. 9M b) Write few differences between AFM and STM.

6M

Unit – IV

7. a) What is drug delivery? Discuss briefly any two types of drug delivery. 7M b) State the advantages of Lab on a chip for bio analysis over conventional analysis

method.

8M

8. a) Mention the factors considered for the selection of materials for cancer treatment. 8M b) List out the advantages of using nanoparticles over conventional medicines.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain about Coulomb Blockade in Nanostructures. 7M b) What is meant by Giant magneto resistance and Tunneling magneto resistance in Nano

Electronics? Explain.

8M

10. a) What is meant by E-beam Lithography? Explain the steps involved in SEM based Nanolithography.

8M

b) Write short notes on X-ray based and Deep Ultraviolet (UV) Lithography. 7M




(Regulations: VCE-R11/ R11A)

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS

(Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the concept of remote sensing and also explain the various elements involved in remote sensing along with a neat sketch.

8M

b) Give a brief account of atmospheric windows.

7M

2. a) Explain briefly about the various interactions of electromagnetic energy with earth surface features.

7M

b) List out the differences between unsupervised and supervised classification techniques in digital image processing.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain various types of photographs along with their applications. 9M b) Differentiate map and mosaic.

6M

4. a) Discuss parallax measurements for height. 8M b) Define GIS. Discuss fundamental operations of GIS.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the salient features of Raster data model and Vector data model. 8M b) What do you understand by manual digitization of data in GIS? Mention the limitations of

manual digitization.

7M

6. a) Write explanatory notes on: i. Attribute data ii. Layer based GIS

8M

b) Write about the advantages and disadvantages of vector data and raster data. 7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss about CAM and VAM. 8M b) Discuss about integrated analysis of spatial data and attribute data.

7M

8. a) Discuss about the attribute data storage. 8M b) Explain network analysis with suitable examples.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the procedure for mapping surface water features using Remote Sensing and GIS. 8M b) Explain how to interpret land use-land cover using remote sensing and GIS?

7M

10. a) What is reservoir sedimentation and explain how to do sedimentation analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS?

8M

b) Explain how to monitor and mitigate the floods using Remote Sensing and GIS. 7M





FINITE ELEMENTS METHODS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

(Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Find the deflection at the center of a simply supported beam of length ‘l’ subjected to a concentrated load ‘p’ at its mid span by Rayleigh-Ritz Method. Use a trial function y = a sin (πx/L)

9M

b) Write various elements to be used in FEM for discretization with neat sketch.

6M 2. a) Write the short note on the following:

i. Concept of FEM ii. The merits and demerits of FEM

10M

b) Explain the mathematical modeling of physical problem with example.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the stress strain relationship and strain displacement relations in case of a three dimensional stress system.

8M

b) Explain axisymmetric bodies of revolution with axisymmetric loading.

7M 4. A thin plate of uniform thickness 20mm, as shown in Fig.1. below is subjected to a point load

of 400N at its mid-depth in addition to its self-weight. Analyze the plate with two elements and find stress in each element. Assume E=2×105N/mm2 and unit weight ρ=0.8×10-4 N/mm3

15M

Fig.1

Unit – III

5. a) Explain natural coordinate systems used in Finite element method. 5M b) Evaluate the shape functions for the triangular element at the point P (4, 6).

Fig.2

10M

6. a) Explain about ‘geometric invariance’. 7M b) Write the shape functions in terms of area coordinates for a three-noded Triangular

element. 8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) Define Isoparamatric, Subparametric and Superparametric elements with neat sketches. 5M b) In the isoparametric quadrilateral element, P is the point whose parent element

coordinates (=0.424, =0.288), on this point the load components in x and y directions are 10kN and 15kN respectively. Determine its nodal equivalent forces.

10M

8. a) Using isoparametric approach derive the Jacobian matrix for a three noded triangular element.

10M

b) What are the advantages of Isoparametric elements?

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the basic principle of Axi symmetric Analysis. 6M

b) Evaluate the integral 1

2 31 2 3 4

1

I a a x a x a d dx

using the three point Gauss

Integration.

9M

10. For an axisymmetric triangular element shown in Fig.3. below, evaluate the stiffness matrix. Take E=210GPa and Poisson’s ratio =0.25. All dimensions are in mm.

15M

Fig.3





ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-II

(Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Define and explain Air Pollution. Distinguish between primary and secondary air pollutants.

7M

b) Name the equipment by which particulate matter can be removed from the flue gases? Explain the working process of Electro Static Precipitator in detail with neat sketch.

8M

2. a) What are the harmful effects of following air pollutants on human health and plants: i. Carbon monoxide ii. Oxides of Sulphur

8M

b) What are the sources and effects of noise pollution explain in detail?

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Write a brief explanatory notes on Ion-Exchange process with example. 7M b) Define Adsorption. What is the role of Adsorption in waste water treatment, explain in

detail.

8M

4. a) Explain the principle of Reverse Osmosis also elaborate the fallowing as applicable to Reverse Osmosis: i. Fouling ii. Scaling iii. Chemical attack

7M

b) List out various Special Treatment Methods. Write the merits and demerits of Adsorption and Ultra Filtration.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) What are the undesirable properties of Industrial Waste Water? Explain in detail. 7M b) Explain methods of Strength Reduction of industrial waste water in detail.

8M

6. a) What are the different methods to treat ACID and ALKALINE wastes? Explain in detail. 7M b) What is meant by Proportioning? What are the two general methods of discharging

industrial waste with Domestic waste explain in detail?

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) How do you classify the Municipal Solid Waste based on characteristics of the various components?

7M

b) What is solid waste management? Explain its importance briefly.

8M

8. a) What is meant by Segregation, write about Segregation of Solid Waste briefly. 7M b) What is meant by Incineration? When Incineration is used in solid waste disposal?

Explain in detail.

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – V

9. a) What are ‘hazardous wastes’? Discuss about land disposal of Hazardous wastes. 7M b) Why is ‘Colour Coding’ used in Biomedical waste and how does it help in safe disposal of

biomedical waste?

8M

10. a) Name the characteristics also explain in detail by which hazardous wastes can be identified.

7M

b) How Radioactive wastes are classified depending upon their level of radioactivity? How are they disposed off?

8M





TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

(Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the highway development plans in India. Briefly bringing out their salient feature. 8M b) What are the factors that affect the highway alignment?

7M

2. a) Define and derive expression for SSD. Find the SSD for a design speed of 65kmph. What will be the SSD if 3% of up gradient is introduced on that location? Assume data suitably.

8M

b) A valley curve on rolling terrain formed by a descending gradient of 1 in 30 which meets the descending gradient of 1 in 40. Design the length of curve for comfort condition, head light SD and lowest point on the curve. Take centrifugal acceleration as 0.6m/sec3.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain various types of At–grade intersections with neat sketches and also mention the merits and demerits of each.

8M

b) Discuss the advantages of channelized intersection and un-channelized intersection showing the conflict areas.

7M

4. a) What are the design elements of a rotary intersection? 8M b) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of rotary intersection.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the different methods of on and off street parking, its advantages and disadvantages with diagram.

7M

b) Enumerate different methods carrying out traffic volume studies. Indicate principle of each.

8M

6. a) What are traffic signs? Describe with sketches the categories of traffic signs. 8M b) The average normal flow of traffic on two cross roads A and B are during design periods

are 400 and 250PCU /hr. The saturation flow values on these roads are estimated as 1250 and 1000PCU/hr respectively. The all red time for pedestrian carrying is 12 seconds. Design the two phase traffic signal approach by Webster method and draw the phase diagram.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Derive the expression for super elevation in a railway track. 8M b) Explain various types of Ballast materials stating their advantages and disadvantages in

detail.

7M

8. a) Write a descriptive note on creep of rails. 8M b) What is Permanent way? List the components and draw a neat sketch of it. 7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the elements to be considered in the Geometric design of runways. 8M b) Explain the steps in the determination of proper orientation for runway.

7M

10. a) What are the factors considered for selection of an airport? 8M b) Explain the aircraft characteristics in detail. 7M





PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT (Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Define an Event in a project? Write Fulkerson’s rules for numbering the events. 7M b) What is Milestone chart? Explain with an example how to draw milestone chart.

8M

2. a) How does a CPM network differ from a PERT network? What are the circumstances under which one is preferred over the other?

8M

b) Define Dummy activity. Explain its importance in the project network.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the following terms: i. Earliest start time ii. Latest start time iii. Earliest finish time iv. Latest finish time

8M

b) A project consists of 7 events having predecessor relationships as given below. Construct the network.

Event Immediate predecessor 1 None 2 1 3 1 4 3, 2 5 3 6 4, 5 7 4, 6

7M

4. a) Explain the following terms: i. Total float ii Free float Under what circumstances do you consider an activity as a critical activity?

7M

b) A project consisting of the activities A to I have relations as under; construct the network diagram.

Activity Preceded by Followed by A None B B A C, D C B E D B F, H E C H F D G G F I H E I I H, G None

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the terms ‘Direct cost’ and ‘Indirect cost’. 5M b) Explain with a neat sketch the cost duration curve. Show on it the optimum duration and

minimum project cost.

10M

6. a) Define ‘Normal time’ and ‘Crash time’. 2M b) Table gives the information about various activities of network shown in Fig.1.

Activity Normal duration (days)

Normal cost (Rs.)

Crash duration (days)

Crash cost (Rs.)

1-2 2-3

9 5

8000 5000

6 3

9500 5500

The project overhead costs are @Rs.300 per day. Determine: i. Direct cost-duration relationship ii. Total cost-duration relationship iii. Corresponding least cost plan (network)

Fig.1

13M

Unit – IV

7. a) What are the qualities of a good Project manager? Explain his role in scheduling of project activities.

7M

b) Explain the process of Resource leveling. When is it required?

8M

8. a) With the help of an illustrative example, explain the Resource smoothening method. 8M b) What is the role of project management in Resource optimization of a project?

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Sketch the following types of organization structures: i. Line structure ii. Line and Staff structure iii. Matrix structure iv. Team structure

8M

b) List out any four labour problems in construction industry. How are they managed?

7M

10. a) What are the provisions of ‘minimum wages Act of 1948’? What are the subsequent amendments?

9M

b) What are the different methods of wage payments? What are their advantages? 6M



(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech VII Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016


PAVEMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

(Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Determine ESWL by equivalent vertical stress criteria. 8M b) The gross weight of a truck is 10 tons. The front axle has single wheel on each side,

whereas it carries a pair of dual wheels on each side of the rear axle. The centre to centre spacing of tires and clear span between wheels of dual load assembly are 30cms and 10cms respectively. Find the wheel load for the design of a road pavement assuming its thickness as: i. 8cms ii. 20cms

7M

2. a) Explain the principle of Burmister’s theory of pavement design and mention the advantages of the elastic single layer theory for the analysis of flexible pavements.

7M

b) Calculate the stress and deflection at the bottom of pavement using Bossiness single layer theory. Wheel load=5100kg, thickness of pavement=30cms, E=1000kg/cm2 and tyre pressure=7kg/cm2.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Write the significance of Modulus of subgrade reaction and radius of relative stiffness. 7M b) Determine the edge warping stress of a CC pavement of 240mm thick for the following

data: i. Lx=10m ii. Ly=3.6m iii. Modulus of elasticity=3x104 N/mm2 iv. Modulus of subgrade reaction=15 N/mm3 and Poisson’s ratio=0.15 v. Temperature differential=20°C

8M

4. a) Discuss Westergaard’s concept of temperature stresses in concrete pavements. 8M b) Calculate the wheel load stresses at interior, edge and corner regions of a cement

concrete pavement by: Westrgaard’s stress equations IRC stress charts Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 3.0 x 105 kg/cm2

Poisson’s ratio of concrete = 0.15 Thickness of concrete slab = 22 cm Modulus of subgrade reaction = 8.0 kg/cm2 Wheel load = 5100 kg Radius of loaded area = 15 cm

7M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – III

5. a) Discuss the methods and objectives of soil stabilization. 8M b) Design a two lane single carriageway road having initial traffic of 500 CVPD in both

directions. Assume 15 years design life of the pavement and VDF of 2.5. CBR of subgrade soil is 4%.

7M

6. a) Explain the design of flexible pavements as per IRC recommendations. 7M b) The initial traffic after completion of a four lane divided highway is estimated as

3500cvpd. Design the flexible pavement for a life of 15 years using the following data. Design CBR=8%, Growth rate of commercial vehicles=6.5%, Average VDF=4.0.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) What are the various tests carried out on bitumen? Briefly mention the principle and uses of each test.

8M

b) Mention the specifications of materials and construction steps for water bound macadam base course.

7M

8. a) Explain with sketches the effect of: i. Compacting moisture content ii. Amount of compaction

8M

b) Write a note on importance and construction of: i. Drainage layer of cement concrete pavement ii. Dry lean concrete sub-base course

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the characteristic deflection and the method of determining the deflection from Benkelman beam method data.

7M

b) What are the different types of overlays that may be considered for strengthening existing flexible pavements? Mention their relative advantages.

8M

10. a) Classify different types of highway maintenance works and mention the functions of each in brief.

7M

b) List out the various types of structural distresses that develop even in well designed and constructed cement concrete pavements. Mention the features and causes of these distresses.

8M

Documents

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING...8. a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of eager versus lazy classification. 7M b) What is boosting? State why it can improve the accuracy