Vancouver Method2(2)

Information and Study Skills © University of Portsmouth

Bibliographic reference and citation

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Bibliographic reference and citationVancouver format



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BRV 0802

Information and study skills workbooks cover areas such as:

� navigation of and services offered by Frewen and Eldon Libraries� how to find information sources in a variety of media using a range of sources including

databases and the World Wide Web� referring efficiently and accurately to the information used (bibliographic reference and

citation)� evaluating sources you have found� how to take notes effectively� preparing for and sitting exams� how to work in groups� how to give presentations

For a full list of available titles visit the Information and study skills websitehttp://www.port.ac.uk/infoskills/

Or contact Martin HamptonTelephone: (023) 9284 5562Email: [email protected]

Written by Sarah BoyntonAcknowledgments and thanks are due to Andy Barrow and Victoria Edwards

Telephone: (023) 9284 3027Email: [email protected]@port.ac.uk

First Edition July 2001ISBN 1 86137 252 3Revised August 2002

All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be photocopied, recorded or otherwisereproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any electrical ormechanical means, without the prior permission of:

Learning Media DevelopmentUniversity of PortsmouthPortland BuildingPortland StreetPortsmouthPO1 3AHTelephone: (023) 9284 2462Email: [email protected]



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Contents

1 Learning outcomes .................................................................................................... 5

2 Using other people’s work .......................................................................................... 52.1 Why use other people’s work? ............................................................................. 52.2 How to use other people’s work ........................................................................... 5

3 The importance of referencing .................................................................................... 6

4 Citations and references ............................................................................................ 7

5 The Vancouver format ................................................................................................ 75.1 Which comes first: reference list or citations? ....................................................... 8

6 The reference list ........................................................................................................ 86.1 Elements required for an accurate reference ........................................................ 86.2 Style .................................................................................................................... 10

7 In-text citations .......................................................................................................... 127.1 Citing more than one piece of work at a time ....................................................... 13

8 Points to remember ................................................................................................... 13

9 Exercises ................................................................................................................... 14Key skills .................................................................................................................... 15Glossary .................................................................................................................... 16

Feedback form .......................................................................................................... 19



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Vancouver format

All of the exercises within this workbook are for your reference only. The benefit to you incompleting them is that you will remember more if you actively engage with the materialrather than just read through it. Your tutor may also ask to see the completed workbook.

1 Learning outcomes

The purpose of this workbook is to explain the use and importance of references andcitations as a key academic tool. At the end of the workbook, you should be able to:

� state the importance of using and referring to other people’s work� demonstrate the elements required for accurate reference to different types of

publication� demonstrate the essentials of the Vancouver format for citation and bibliographic

references

You should also know how to:

� compile footnotes using the Vancouver format� include citations in the written text

The workbook is intended as a basic introduction for first year students. Further guidance ondifferent reference styles is available in various guides produced by the Library.

For clarification on how to use the work of other people in your academic work see theskills workbook Using other people’s work.

2 Using other people’s work

2.1 Why use other people’s work?

The advancement of knowledge is a continual process within which individuals and groupscriticise, adapt and extend previous work. Your knowledge of your subject derives from abody of information and ideas previously developed by other people, about which you haveheard in lectures and read in books and journals. In your own written work, in which your aimis to show your understanding of the subject and demonstrate your ability to think criticallyabout it, it is therefore natural and proper that you will draw on the ideas of others. It iscrucial however, that in doing so you ensure that the work remains truly your own, and thatyour debt to other people is properly acknowledged.

2.2 How to use other people’s work

There is a vital difference between using other people’s work to inform your own, and usingthem as a substitute for your own. The most extreme form of substitution is known asplagiarism and is regarded as an extremely serious offence. When detected in student work -and tutors and examiners are adept as such detection - plagiarism carries severe penalties,



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including, in the most serious cases, the withholding of an award.

Even without becoming involved in deliberate plagiarism, however, it is possible to fall into thetrap of uncritically absorbing - and reproducing - other people’s ideas, for example by writingdown and absorbing everything a lecturer says or reading and reproducing extensive sectionsfrom a book without ever questioning arguments. Uncritical reproduction of other people’sideas is bad practice and will stop you from ever understanding a subject in any depth. Anessay constructed from lengthy quotations linked by a few of your own words will not behighly regarded even if cleverly done, because it contains few, if any, of your own ideas.

You must learn to read the works of other authors, but form your own opinions,arguments and style. You must be able to show that you have read widely, but that you

are capable of expressing ideas in your own words.

3 The importance of referencing

Bibliographic references and citations are crucial to academic work because they are themeans by which authors acknowledge and identify the sources of their ideas and information.It is important that you include references in your own written work because:

� they show the source of information gathered and direct the reader to furtherinformation

� they acknowledge someone else’s work; this is important to avoid charges of plagiarismand so that you can demonstrate the breadth of your reading and the origins of yourideas

� they provide support for your arguments

Without evidence, your ideas will lack credibility.

Decide which of the following paragraphs you would accept more readily:

Paragraph A.

Study skills are increasingly used by higher education institutions and are proving to bepopular amongst students. Some people think this is due to increasing class numberswhilst others feel that it is due to lower A level passes.

or

Paragraph B.

Research suggests that the number of study skills sessions that occur in highereducation institutions have increased significantly over the past five years (1). Avis (2),reporting on a survey of student attitudes to study skills sessions found that a significantproportion found the sessions useful and interesting. Rono (3) found that increased use ofstudy skills sessions emerged from a sharp rise in the number of students enrolling every year.However, Watson (4) suggested that lower A level passes were responsible for the developmentof study skills programmes in the South East.



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The second paragraph is clearly the more authoritative because it cites authors whose workmay be consulted as evidence for the point being made, rather than simply referring, as inparagraph 1, to the views of “some people” and “others”. As we will see, these citationswithin the text are linked numerically to bibliographic references which give full details of thework in question. In academic writing, all quoted material must be fully referenced in this way,as must other writers’ views or arguments. This should not be limited to literary sources, butshould include television programmes, webpages, personal interviews and so on. There aredifferent ways of referencing different types of material.

4 Citations and references

When referring to the work of other people, there are two elements required:

� a citation in the text which acknowledges the work and sets it within the context of yourown

� a reference which gives full details of the work in question

It is possible to include full details of the work from which the reference was taken within thetext citation, but this makes reading the text very cumbersome and is not usual practice.More commonly, some form of notation is given within the text which provides a link to the fullreference, given elsewhere. In some publications that you will come across, this is done bymeans of footnotes at the bottom of a page. Whilst this links the citation closely to thereference, it can be distracting to the reader and makes it difficult for anyone who wants anoverview of all the references used by the author.

The most usual practice is to collect all of the references together in a list at the end of thepaper and to link to the text citations by means of either:

� the use of author(s) names with dates or page numbers

or

� a numbering system

There are many different referencing systems used within the University and although somestyles appear very similar there are subtle differences and each aspect of the citation andreference has to be correct in your work.

5 The Vancouver format

In the School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences the preferred method of referencing is touse a format called Vancouver, in which in-text citations take the form of numbers inbrackets. The reference list is given in consecutive numerical order - as in the text - with theauthor and title of book or article being the first elements given. This format is referred to asVancouver as it originated at a meeting of medical journal editors in Vancouver (BritishColumbia) in 1978.



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5.1 Which comes first: reference list or citations?

The references in the list at the end of your text and the in-text citations are inseparablylinked; the numbers in brackets in the text much match the numbers in the reference list.This means that in writing the citation you must be aware of where the publication in questionwill be listed in the reference list. In some instances there will be more than one publicationcited at a time and this will be discussed further later on this workbook. Therefore whenusing the Vancouver format of referencing it is necessary to think about the reference list andin-text citations together, as any change in order of in-text citations will automatically affectthe reference list.

Strictly speaking a reference list is a list of all sources that you have cited within your text.Wheras a bibliography is a list of everything you have read or drawn upon whilst researchingyour piece of work, whether you have actually cited them in your text or not.

In reality, the distinction between the two is often not recognised and the terms are usedinterchangeably. Your tutor may well ask for a bibliography at the end of your work when inactual fact a reference list is all that is usually required for work completed at undergraduatelevel.

Although potentially confusing, the most important thing by far is to include a referencelist for your work which details full bibliographic references for each of the sources that

you have cited in your text.

6 The reference list

There are two essential requirements when compiling the reference list at the end of yourpaper:

� accuracy of content� consistency of style

6.1 Elements required for an accurate reference

The purpose of the reference is to enable your reader to identify the work to which you arereferring. It is therefore essential that references are complete (ie include all the necessaryinformation) and accurate.

When you write your reference lists the sources must be numbered from 1– and thesenumbers must correspond with the numbers of the in-text citations.

6.1.1Reference to a book

A full book reference should include the following elements:

Author(s). Title of book. Edition (only if 2nd edition or later). Place of publication:Publishers; date.



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Rinsgiven MK, Bond D. Gerontology and leadership skills for nurses. 2nd ed. Albany(NY): Delmar Publishers; 1996.

6.1.2Reference to a journal

A full journal reference should contain the following elements:

Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Date (and month). Volume number. (Issue number). Pagenumber(s).

Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased riskfor pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1; 124 (11): 980–3.

Month and issue numbers are not always included.

Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased riskfor pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124: 980–3.

6.1.3Reference to a chapter in a book

A full reference to a chapter in a book should contain the following elements:

Author(s). Title of chapter. In: Editor(s) of book, editors. Title of edited book. Edition (if 2ndor later). Place of publication: Publishers; Date. Page numbers.

Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, editors.Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven

Press; 1995. p. 465–78.

6.1.4Test your understanding

Look at the references in the following list and, in each case, indicate what type ofpublication you are looking for by writing in the space provided: A (journal article), B(book), or C (chapter in a book).

Colson JH, Armour WJ. Sports injuries and their treatment. 2nd rev ed. London:S Paul; 1986.

Goate AM, haynes AR, Owen MJ, Farrall M, James LA, Lai LY, et al. Predisposinglocus for Alzheimer’s disease on chromosome 21. Lancet, 1989;1:352–5.

Neal MJ. Medical pharmacology at a glance. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific; 1987.

continued



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Payne A. Health promotion in further education. In: Scriven A, Orme J, editors. Healthpromotion: professional perspectives. London: MacMillan, 1996. p.176–189.

Weinstein L, Swartz MN. Pathological properties of invading microorganisms. In:Sodeman WA Jr, Sodeman WA, editors. Pathological psychology: mechanisms ofdisease. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974. p.457–72.

You CH, Lee KY, Chey YW, Menguy R. Electropastrographic study of patients withunexplained nausea, bloating and vomiting. Gastroenterology 1980;79:311–4.

6.2 Style

There are various protocols with respect to punctuation and differences of opinion as to thestyle to be followed, even within what is supposed to be the same system. The reference listin section 5 and in the examples above follows the vancouver format.

Note that the format prescribes use of commas, full stops, brackets, etc.

In compiling your reference list, there are certain situations which can cause difficulty; someof these are outlined below.

6.2.1Reference to a book with editor(s) as authors

Editor(s) name(s), editors. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher; date.

Norman IJ, Redfern SJ, editors. Mental health care for elderly people. New York:Churchill Livingstone; 1996.

6.2.2Corporate authors/Government publication

Organisation (Country). Title. Place of publication: Publisher; date.

Institute of Medicine (US). Looking at the future of the Medicaid program. Washington:The Institute; 1992.

Occasionally in the case of corporate authors, the publisher will be the same as theauthor, this is perfectly acceptable.

Government department. Title of publication. Place of publication: Publisher; date(command paper number).

Department of Health. Saving lives: our healthier nation. London: The Stationery Office;1999 (Cm 4386).



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Strictly speaking, the department’s name should be preceded by Great Britain, since officiallyGreat Britain is the author of all official UK publications, but it is common and certainly simplerfor this to be omitted. Note that HMSO (Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, later re-named TheStationery Office, or TSO) is the Government’s official publisher; it should never be given asthe author.

6.2.3Multiple authors

List up to 6 authors names. Followed by the relevant details of either book/ journal etc.

When there are more than 6 authors List the first 6 authors names, followed by et al. andthen the relevant details of the book journal etc.

Parkin DM, Clayton D, Black RJ, Masuyer E, Friedl HP, Ivanov E, et al. Childhoodleukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl: 5 year follow up. Br J Cancer 1996; 73: 1006–12.

‘et.al.’ means ‘and others’, You must always ensure that there is a full stop after et al.

6.2.4Anonymous works

When no author is given, begin the reference with the title of the book, article or chapterfollowed by the relevant details.

Cancer in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr Med J 1994;84:15.

6.2.5Secondary citations

You must only list publications that you have actually read in your reference list. However,there will probably be occasions when you wish to cite a piece of work that is referred to in apublication you are reading. This is a secondary citation. You must list the secondary sourcein the reference list ie if Brown’s work is cited in Smith and you did not read the original, listonly the publication by Smith.

Smith P. Mind games. London: Routledge; 1970.

6.2.6Electronic Sources

It is increasingly common for information to be published in electronic form: for example,electronic journals, email bulletins, World Wide Websites etc. These should be referenced ascarefully as any other source. There is however, some debate on the correct way to do thisand therefore you are advised to visit the following websites which are updated regularly andcontain the most up to date information regarding the referencing of electronic sources.

http://www.le.ac.uk/library/teach/irsm/irsm71.html

http://lisweb.curtin.edu.au/guides/handouts/vancouver.html



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6.2.7 Ibid and Op Cit

There are certain instances when it is acceptable to use abbreviations in reference lists, oneas we have already seen is for titles of journals, which are commonly abbreviated.

If you are unsure of what the abbreviations for journal titles stand for ask a member oflibrary staff.

The other most common abbreviations that you can use when writing your reference lists arethe Latin abbreviations of “Ibid” and “Op Cit” and these are used to avoid repeating a fullreference several times.

Ibid means in the same place and is used in the reference list when making further referenceto the last work cited. You must ensure that you use Ibid for the immediately preceedingwork.

1 Goresky CA, Bach GG, Schwab AJ. Distributed- in-space product formation in vivo:linear kinetics. Am J Physiol 1993; 264: 2007–2028.

2 Ibid: 2029–2050.

Op Cit means already cited and is used when referring back to a work cited earlier in thepaper. You must ensure that you are referring to the same piece of work cited earlier and thatthe author(s) do not have more than one piece of work cited in the list.

1 Garrat AM, Ruta DA, Abdalla MI, Buckingham JK, Russell IT. The SF-36 health surveyquestionnaire: an outcome measure suitable for routine use within the NHS? BMJ1993; 306: 1440–4.

2 Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J Roy Stat Soc B 1972; 34: 187–202.

3 NHS Executive. Health service cost index. Leeds: Department of Health, 1996.

4 Garrat AM, Ruta DA, Abdalla MI, Buckingham JK, Russell IT. Op Cit: 1440–4.

7 In-text citations

In-text citations always take the form of a number in brackets, which causes minimal break-up in the flow of the text that you are writing. For example, look at the following text:

In clinical practice, up to 2.5-L of fluid has been administered in one infusion (1). Anumber of studies have quantified subcutaneous absorption kinetics of solutes fromsmall volumes of solutions. Many of these studies have been concerned with themodelling of insulin absorption. The modelling of the latter is suggested to becomplicated by the factors such as local diffusion rates in tissue, insulin binding intissue, local blood flow (2)...

The numbers in the brackets will link directly to the reference list at the end of the piece of



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work. For example, the reference list for this piece of text would look like this:

1. Schen RJ, Singer-Edelstein M. Subcutaneous infusions in the elderly. J Am GeriatSoc. 1981; 29: 583–85.

2. Kraegen EW, Chisholm DJ. Pharmacokinetics of insulin: Implications for continuoussubcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. Clin Pharmacokin. 1985; 10: 303–314.

7.1 Citing more than one piece of work at a time

Often when writing text, you will need to refer to more than one piece of work at a time, this isdone by putting all the relevant numbers in the brackets in the text. For example, look at thefollowing examples:

The modelling of the later is suggested to be complicated by the factors such as localdiffusion rates in tissue, insulin binding in tissue, local blood flow (2), multimeric forms ofinsulin, and degradation (3,4).

Arterial sampling is especially important immediately following the intravenous injectionwhen arteriovenous differences are most significant (13,17,18).

. . . these two muscle relaxants were consistently longer than thosereported elsewhere after a short infusion administration (1–4).

As you can see from these examples, citations do not necessarily have to be numericallyconsecutive, but must relate to all of the works from your reference list that you have drawnfrom in the previous piece of text.

8 Points to remember

� when reading and taking notes, write down the full details of your sources; you willneed them for your reference list and if you miss relevant details you will have to goback and find them later

� accurate and consistent citations will protect you against accusations of plagiarism

� effective use of citations and references helps to demonstrate your understanding ofthe relationship between your own thought and that of others whose work you haveread

� every citation that appears in your text must have a full reference in the reference list

� plagiarism could lead to lower marks or ultimately to your degree being witheld



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9 Exercises

Shown below are partly-completed lists showing what information is required when referringto a book, an article and a chapter within an edited book.

Complete the following lists referring, if necessary, to the information and examples inthis workbook.

Book Journal article Book chapter

a)Author(s) a) a)Author(s)b)Title of book b) b)c) c)Journal title c)In:d)Place of publication d) d)e)Publishers e)Volume number e)Editors f) f)Month/Issue number f)Title of edited book

g) g)h) i)Publishers j)Datek)

Construct a reference list for a subject related to your course. You should include: 2books, 2 journal articles and 1 chapter from an edited book; all publications should beavailable in the Frewen Library. Make sure you give a full reference for each item.



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Key skills

this material will help you to develop your key skills in:

� Communication 3.4 - writing different types of document about complex subjects.

and will help consolidate your key skills in:

� Communication 3.3 - reading and synthesising information from two extendeddocuments about a complex subject.

For further information on Vancouver referencing, consult the Scientific Style and FormatHandbook which you will find in the second floor Subject Reference Collection at

shelfmark 808.0665/SCI, or consult the following websites:

http://www.le.ac.uk/library/teach/irsm/irsm71.html

http://lisweb.curtin.edu.au/guides/handouts/vancouver.html



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GlossaryBelow is a glossary of terms used in the Information skills workbooks and the Informationskills website. If you are still unsure of the meaning of any terms after reading through thisglossary - please talk to a member of library staff.

Abstracts - an abstract is a short summary, usually of an article or report.Bibliography - a bibliography is a list of references. Your written work should usuallyinclude such a list (normally at the end of a piece of work). Some lecturers distinguishbetween a bibliography, defined as a list of everything you have read whilst researching the pieceof work regardless of whether or not you have referred to the material in your work, and areference list, which includes only those works actually referred to. Most lecturers will ask for areference list only and not a bibliography at undergraduate level.Boolean operators - link words used to join search terms. The three Boolean operators areAND, OR and NOT.Browser - a piece of software that allows you to view the World Wide Web, the mostpopular browsers are Netscape Navigator (which the University uses) and Internet Explorer.CD-ROM - a read-only compact disc used as a digital storage medium containingmultimedia information, including many databases.Citation - a citation is a referral to the work of another. It appears within the text of a piece ofwork and is connected directly to the reference list at the end of the piece of work. Thecitation and reference list are linked by either author names, dates or page numbers or by anumeric system.Classification system (see Dewey).Classmark/class number/shelfmark - classmarks are the numbers at which books are shelvedin libraries. The numbers relate to the subject of books and also have a three letter suffix whichrelate to the author or title. Within the Frewen Library, classmarks are taken from the Deweyclassification system.Contents - the contents section of a book or journal is a structured list, usually at the front of thepublication, indicating the subject matter included in the work.Cookies - a cookie is a small piece of information sent by a Web server to store on a Webbrowser so it can be read back from that browser. Every now and then whilst you are using theWeb, these small messages will pop up on the screen saying that a site wishes to set a cookieand it will ask you to click OK or Cancel. You should click OK, this will not affect your searches.Database - a database is a searchable collection of information held in electronic form.Default - is the pre-set selection of an option offered by a system.Dewey - a numerical system for classifying subjects which is also used to determine the librarylocation of books and other materials. See also classmark.Download - to download a record, document or webpage means simply to save it todisc. Downloading enables you to transfer the information to a local computer on which you canhandle the information in various ways including printing.ELC - Electronic Learning Centre, ground floor Frewen Library. Has 72 computers, black andwhite and colour printing facilities and a scanner.Field-specific searching - limiting a database search to a particular area within the datastructure. Used to specify a more precise search: eg ‘freud in AU’ retrieves all recordscontaining Freud in the AU (author) field.Free-text search - an unstructured database search which looks for the search termanywhere in the database. This will produce more hits than a field-specific search but with lessrelevance.General Reference Collection - this contains reference works of general nature, includingbibliographies, general encyclopaedias and a wide range of directories.



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Hit - the successful outcome of a database search. Searches are said to produce a number of‘hits’, ie records which match the search criteria. The term is also sometimes used to refer to thenumber of occurrences of search terms within the retrieved records.Homepage - a frontpage set up by organisations and individuals on the Web in order toprovide a starting point for people who wish to explore their site.Icon - a small onscreen image representing any application, document or directory in a graphicinterface.Index - alphabetical lists which analyse contents; they include details of authors, titles andkeywords.Interlibrary Loan - a system of borrowing books from other libraries worldwide. This service iscostly and is not encouraged except in support of dissertation work.Internet - a global communications network which connects computer networks.Journals - journals are academic magazines where articles are reviewed by subject experts.Also known as periodicals and serials they are published either weekly, monthly or quarterly.Library catalogue (formerly called OPAC) - is a database which records material in all of theUniversity’s Libraries. It includes book titles, journal titles (but not individual articles within them)and other material such as videos.Network - a collection of computers linked together (see also stand-alone).Plug-in - an addition to a piece of software which enhances its functionality.Record - a single entry in a database, describing an individual document or other item ofinformation. Usually divided into separate sections known as fields.Reference list - see bibliography.Reference - a reference is a full note of another person's work. See also citation,bibliography.Server - a computer used for the storage and distribution of information via a network. A Webserver provides documents for access via the World Wide Web.Stand-alone - a computer which is not networked. In the Frewen Library older or lesspopular databases are sometimes loaded on stand-alones rather than on the network.Stem - first part of a word that may have different endings, eg child is a stem of children,childless, childs etc. See also truncation.Subject Reference Collection - there is a Subject Reference Collection on each floor of theFrewen Library. Each of these collections contains reference material of a specialist naturecovering the subjects housed on that floor.Synonym - a synonym is a word which has the same meaning as another word. Forexample humorous is a synonym for funny (and vice versa).TalisWeb OPAC - Web based version of the library catalogue.Truncation - a way to enable you to search (in certain databases) for words which have thesame stem but different endings: eg child* would retrieve children, childless, childs etc (in thosedatabases which allow truncated searches using the * character). See also wildcards.Web - see World Wide Web.Webpage - these are individual pages within the site.Website - a whole site put on the Web, usually for the purpose of giving information.Anyone who wants to put up a website can do so as long as they have a small amount oftechnical ability and an Internet connection.Wildcards - a way to deal with the problem that certain words are spelt differently according tocountry of origin: eg col??r retrieves both colour and color in databases where the ? characterenables wildcards to be used (use the ‘Help’ section to ascertain the wildcard character for eachdatabase/search engine you use).World Wide Web - a method of merging and organising information across the Internet.



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Information Study Skills Service feedback form (tear off)

Workbook name: BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE AND CITATION (VANCOUVER)Date used:Your course: Your level (year):

1. Have you (tick as appropriate):

(a) Been required to use this workbook as part of a compulsory session?(b) Used this workbook as part of an optional led session?(c) Used this workbook independently?

2. Please rate this workbook for the overall usefulness of the contenet to you

1 2 3 4 5 Not at all useful Very useful

Please explain briefly why you gave that score

____________________________________________________________________________

3. If you completed the exercises, how helpful would you say they were?

1 2 3 4 5 Not at all helpful Very helpful


____________________________________________________________________________

4. Was the level of this workbook suitable for your level of experience?

1 2 3 4 5 Not at all suitable Very suitable


____________________________________________________________________________

THANKYOU FOR COMPLETING THIS FORM

If you have any further comments, please email [email protected] or see theInformation and Study Skills website at www.port.ac.uk/infoskills.

PLEASE RETIRN THIS FORM TO YOUR SESSION LEADER OR TO A LIBRARY ENQUIRYDESK, OR SEND IT TO: Information and Study Skills Co-ordinator, 3.27 Nuffield Centre, St.Michaels Way, Portsmouth PO1 2ED

Documents

Vancouver Method2(2)