VALUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

P02373

2009/2010

COURSE HANDBOOK

‘The Gates’, Christo and Jeanne Claude, New York City, 2005.

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Values and the Environment P02373, Core module, MSc Environment, Culture and Society Course organiser: Dr Emily Brady Geography Room 3.12, Drummond St Tel. 0131-650-9137 Email: Emily.Brady@ed.ac.uk Office hours: Tuesdays 14.00-15.30 Class meetings: Tuesdays 11.10 - 13.00, Semester 1, Old Library

Course description This course examines issues related to two important modes of human valuing of nature, the ethical and the aesthetic. The first part of the course covers key concepts and theories in environmental ethics including (normally): anthropocentrism and nonanthropocentrism; animal ethics; Leopold’s land ethic; deep ecology; and urban environments. In the second part, we examine aesthetic and landscape values in our engagement with wild nature, rural environments and other cultural landscapes. The course concludes with a look at conflicts between aesthetic, ethical and other values as they arise in conservation, ecological restoration and the climate change debate.

Course aims The aims of this course are:

• to provide a critical understanding of key concepts and theories in environmental ethics

• to explore aesthetic valuing of ‘wild’ environments as well as environments modified by humans

• to consider the role of values in engagement with a range of environments and to examine conflicts between values in conservation and policy-making

Outline of class meetings 1. Environmental Values 2. Extending Ethics Beyond Humans 3. The Land Ethic 4. Deep Ecology 5. Urban Environmental Ethics 6. Aesthetics and Environment 7. Science and Aesthetic Value 8. Environment, Nature and Art. 9. Aesthetics, Ethics and Ecological Restoration 10. Ethics and Climate Change

Learning outcomes By the end of this course, students should have achieved the following learning outcomes:

• a critical understanding of key concepts and theories in environmental ethics

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• a grasp of how aesthetic value relates to a range of environments, from the wild to the urban

• an understanding of the role of values in engagement with a range of environments and the conflicts that arise between values in conservation and policy-making

• expression of their own thoughts on environmental values in discussion and in writing

Teaching methods and learning styles Lectures and discussion We meet for one session weekly for two hours, with a short break in the middle. The first half is mainly lecture format, and, normally, mainly discussion in the second part of the session. The course incorporates various learning and teaching strategies, including: reading, writing, listening to lectures and participating in discussions. Discussion is an invaluable learning tool. It enables collaborative learning, sharing different perspectives in relation to the course material and an opportunity to express your own critical views. There will be discussions as a whole group, and sometimes in smaller groups. Reading and other resources The course material is conveyed through reading and lectures/presentations. You are asked to do two set readings each week from the course reader. Please come to class having already done the set reading. You may find it helpful to take notes while you are doing the reading – both to help you recall the ideas, but also to note any critical comments you may have in response. In any case, this will be useful for compiling your reading portfolio (see below). You may find some of the readings more difficult than others. Be patient and allow enough time to read through twice. Class powerpoint presentations will be available on WebCT after they have been delivered in class. Further reading is listed below, and it will also be helpful for writing your essays.

Course Assessment Assessment for this course consists of one essay of 3000 words. Course essay Writing essays gives you one way to demonstrate and express your understanding of the course material. It is an opportunity to develop critical skills in relation to what you read and hear, and it provides one forum, among others, to express your own critical reflection on a topic. You may choose from the essay titles below or choose your own topic. If you choose your own topic: (1) it needs to be closely tied to the course topics and readings; (2) you must run the title by me before proceeding. Essay titles 1. Critically discuss, in depth, one theory of animal ethics OR one topic in animal ethics.

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For theories, choose one from: utilitarianism; animal rights; virtue ethics; ethics of care/ecofeminism. For topics, choose one from: hunting; meat-eating and vegetarianism; companion animals/keeping pets; feral animals; animal experimentation; wildlife and conservation of wild animals; zoos; animals in entertainment (see session 2) NB: If you choose this question please run your title by me first. 2. Critically discuss environmental pragmatism as a new approach in environmental ethics. Make sure that your discussion (1) clearly sets out the main theses of this new approach; (2) sets out the advantages and disadvantages of this approach compared to wilderness-oriented approaches in environmental ethics. See session 5 reading and further reading. 3. Current philosophical work in environmental aesthetics is critical of past approaches to landscape and environment (e.g., the landscape model). Explore and assess the relevance of recent theories of environmental aesthetics for thinking through the relationship between human practice and the natural environments affected by them. Work for this essay should draw on readings from various sessions in the latter part of the course. 4. Critically examine conflicts between values in a current or very recent case of ecological restoration. You should choose a case study and draw on theoretical discussions in course reading and further reading from session 9. Reading There are no set readings for the course essay, but you should begin with the set readings relating to the topic (in the topics and set readings below) and refer to relevant further reading as appropriate. Please note that not all of the further reading is available in the library. Criteria for assessment and guidance The aim of the course essay is to present a convincing and well-informed argument in answer to the question you have chosen. Your essay will be assessed according to the following criteria:

• grasp of the issues raised by the question

• use of relevant sources

• critical understanding of relevant sources

• logical structure

• quality of the argument presented

• clarity, fluency and succinctness of the written presentation

• accurate and appropriate citing of sources. I am not able to read drafts of essays but I am happy to discuss your essay plan or outline with you. Essay submission Submission deadline: 12 noon, Friday 27th November 2009. Please note that this deadline is final. Late work will be accepted only in exceptional circumstances (see below for information about extensions).

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Please submit TWO copies of your essay to the Postgraduate Secretary in the Geography Office, Drummond St. When submitting your essay:

• adhere to the strict word limit of 3000 words;

• essays should use 12 point font and include a list of references;

• include a cover page with paper title, your matriculation number ONLY (no names or examination numbers) and the title of the Option ‘Values and the Environment’;

• attach a Coursework Marking Sheet with each copy of the essay (see appendix of this handbook);

• attach an ‘own work declaration’ with each copy of the essay (see appendix of this handbook).

Extensions: All students must notify their Course Organiser and their Programme Director if any assessment submission is likely to be delayed. Extensions can be granted for good reason (e.g., medical) but must be arranged before the deadline. You will need to complete an extension form and hand it in with your essay. The penalty for late submission of work is severe and will be imposed as follows:

Delay / working days

Subtract (%)

1 5 2 10 3 15 4 20 5 25 >5 100

Coursework that is submitted more than 5 working days late is awarded zero marks. Work which is not presented at this time will be deemed not to have been undertaken. These penalties apply only to assignments and not to the dissertation, and do not apply to students who have informed the Course Organiser and the Programme Director of difficulties and have received permission to submit late. Extensions to the deadlines will only be allowed if there are good reasons beyond the student's control. Advice and training about effective learning is offered by the Centre for Teaching, Learning and Assessment. See their web site for further details: http://www.tla.ed.ac.uk/services/effect-learn/advice.htm. For further information about marking and examining procedures, see the MSc Environment, Culture and Society Handbook.

Plagiarism Plagiarism is the act of copying or including in one’s own work, without adequate acknowledgement, intentionally or unintentionally, the work of another, for one’s own benefit. Plagiarism is the antithesis of the university experience and will be punished to the full extent of University of Edinburgh regulations. For further guidance on the regulations and how to avoid plagiarism, please visit: http://www.aaps.ed.ac.uk/regulations/plagiarism/intro.htm

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Class work Reading portfolio

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It is all too easy to both let one’s schedule of reading slip and to read but not really ‘take in’ what you are reading. The task of keeping a reading portfolio helps to tackle both of these tendencies. To prepare this, you might begin by keeping an informal reading diary which serves as the basis of your reading portfolio. So for example, you might want to purchase a notebook, and then ensure that in your reading you are covering the material set and keeping notes that both summarise the key ideas and give your own critical thoughts and reflections on those ideas. The reading portfolio as such is formally presented as a typed up set of entries. The length is 2000 words maximum so you will have to be very careful in setting the word limit for each entry. Although you have three required readings for each week (see extra MSc component information below), because of the short length of the reading portfolio, in the version you submit you are only asked to write an entry for two readings per week. Submission of reading portfolio Reading portfolios must be submitted twice during the semester: once, halfway through so that I can check on how your reading is progressing, and finally, again, at the end of the semester. So, you should have completed half the portfolio by the end of week 5 and the full portfolio by the end of week 10. The reading portfolio will not be marked but you should use the criteria for assessment below for guidance about how to formulate your entries. Reading portfolio submission deadlines: First deadline (half portfolio): submitted in class, Tuesday, 20th Oct 2009 (week 5) Final deadline (full portfolio): submitted in class, Tuesday, 25th Nov 2009 (week 10). Please make your portfolio anonymous by using only your matriculation number; use 12 point font; and single spacing. These reading portfolios will be anonymously peer-assessed, and I will also review them myself. No mark is given, only assessment via feedback (brief comments). The following guidance applies for assessment: Criteria for assessment - reading portfolios

• grasp of the main issues or arguments in the readings

• critical discussion of readings (as space allows)

• structure and organisation

• clarity, fluency and succinctness of the written presentation

MSc students: extra component An extra component in the form of one extra reading per week beyond the set required readings below is expected for MSc students taking this course. Summaries of each extra reading should be included as part of your Reading Portfolio, within the relevant week. This extra reading should be chosen from the further reading list for each session (or you can choose a reading yourself, as long as it is tied to each week’s topic).

Topics and set readings **Especially useful books, on reserve in the library**:

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DesJardins, J. (2001) Environmental Ethics, Wadsworth. Jamieson, D. (2003) A Companion to Environmental Philosophy (London: Blackwell). Jamieson, D. (2008) Ethics and the Environment (Cambridge UP). Brady, E. (2003) Aesthetics of the Natural Environment (Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP). O’Neill, J. et al (2007) Environmental Values (Routledge). Callicott, J. B. and Palmer, C., eds. (2005) Critical Concepts on the Environment (London and New York: Routledge). ALL SET READINGS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE COURSE READER. Further reading: Please note that a key journal, Environmental Ethics, is not yet available electronically, but the library has paper copies of all issues. Session 1: Environmental Values In this first session the aim is to identify the diversity and nature of environmental values. We’ll do this by having a look at two classic nature essays which reflect on experiences of wild, and not so wild, nature, as well as a short critical essay on the social construction of nature. This will also be an opportunity to discuss some key concepts in environmental ethics, e.g., instrumental value and intrinsic value. Thoreau, Henry David (1862) Walking Muir, John (1894) A Near View of the High Sierra Peterson, Anna (2001) Environmental Values and the Social Construction of Nature (reprinted in: Armstrong, Susan J. and Botzler, Richard G. (eds) (2004) Environmental Ethics: Divergence and Convergence, 3rd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill) Classwork: please also read and complete the Values Exercise (in your reader), which we will discuss in class. Further reading: Palmer, Clare (2003) An Overview of Environmental Ethics. In Light, A. and Rolston, H. (eds) Environmental Ethics: An Anthology (Blackwell). Brennan, A. (2008) Environmental Ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. On-line at: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-environmental/ O’Neill, J., Holland, A. and Light, A. 2007. Environmental Values (Routledge). Rolston, H. (1988) Environmental ethics: duties to and values in the natural world (Temple UP). Whitt et al (2003) Indigenous perspectives. In Jamieson, D. (ed) A Companion to Environmental Philosophy (London: Blackwell). Elliot, R. (1993) Environmental Ethics, in Singer P. (ed) A Companion to Ethics (Blackwell). Nash, R. (1989) The Rights of Nature: A History Environmental Ethics (Wisconsin UP). Also, see several introductions to environmental ethics in the general further reading list below. Session 2: Extending Ethics Beyond Humans In this session we consider one way in which ethics has been extended beyond the human domain. Peter Singer and Tom Regan put forward two contrasting approaches to ethics which argue that we have moral obligations to non-human animals as well as to human ones. Deborah Slicer is critical of these approaches, working toward an alternative that puts care and relationship at the centre of animal ethics. Singer, Peter (1974) All Animals Are Equal Regan, Tom (1980) Animal Rights, Human Wrongs

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(reprinted in Zimmerman, M. et al (eds) (2001) Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. 3rd ed., Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall). Slicer, D (1991) Your Daughter or Your Dog? A Feminist Assessment of the Animal Research Issue’ (reprinted in Palmer, C. (ed) (2008) Animal Rights. Aldershot: Ashgate). Further reading: Gruen, L. (2003) The Moral Status of Animals. On-line at: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-animal/ Gruen, L. (2003) Animals, in Singer P. (ed) A Companion to Ethics (Blackwell). Midgley, M. (1983) Animals and why they matter (Penguin). Singer, P. (2003) Not for Humans Only: The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues, in A. Light and H. Rolston III eds. Environmental Ethics: An Anthology. Singer, P. (1975, 1990) Animal Liberation (Harper Collins). Regan, T. (1984) The Case for Animal Rights (Routledge). Regan, T. and Singer P. (eds) (1976) Animal Rights and Human Obligations (Prentice-Hall). Varner, G. (2003) Sentientism, in Jamieson, D. (ed) A Companion to Environmental Philosophy (Blackwell). Taylor, P. (1981) The Ethics of Respect for Nature. Environmental Ethics, vol. 3, pp.197-218; and his book (1986) Respect for Nature: a theory of environmental ethics (Princeton UP). Dale Jamieson on World Hunger and Animal Rights (video). On-line at http://ethics.sandiego.edu/video/Jamieson/index.html Session 3: The Land Ethic This week we turn to approaches to holistic environmental ethics. We read the work of the influential North American conservationist, Aldo Leopold, who argues for an ecocentric environmental ethics which brought together ecology and ethics, and envisioned humans holistically as ‘biotic citizens’, as part of the land community rather than superior to it or separate from it. Leopold, Aldo (1949) The Land Ethic, reprinted in VanDeVeer, D. and Pierce, C. (eds) People, Penguins and Plastic Trees: Basic Issues in Environmental Ethics Belmont: Wadsworth. Leopold, Aldo (1949) Marshland Elegy, reprinted in A Sand County Almanac with Essays on Conservation from Round River New York: Sierra Club/Ballatine. Further reading: Leopold, A. ( [1949] 2000) Sand County Almanac, New York: Oxford. Callicott, J. (1989) In Defense of the Land Ethic (SUNY Press). Ouderkirk, W. and Hill, J. (2002) Land, value and community: Callicott and environmental philosophy (New York: SUNY). Rolston, H. (2000) The land ethic at the turn of the millennium Biodiversity and Conservation 9: 1045-1058, 2000. Also, several of the introductions to environmental ethics in the general further reading list below will include discussions of the land ethic (for example, see Desjardins). J. Baird Callicott on The Ethical Legacy of Aldo Leopold (video). On-line at: http://ethics.sandiego.edu/video/ostu/Callicott/ Session 4: Deep Ecology Deep ecology represents a more radical form of ecocentric environmental ethics. This week we read the classic statement of this movement by Arne Naess, the Norwegian philosopher, as well as criticisms by the ecological feminist thinker, Val Plumwood.

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Naess, Arne (1986) The Deep Ecological Movement: Some Philosophical Aspects, reprinted in Zimmerman, M. et al (eds) Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. 3rd ed., Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Plumwood, Val (2000) Nature, Self, and Gender: Feminism, Environmental Philosophy, and the Critique of Rationalism, reprinted in Benson, J. Environmental Ethics London and New York: Routledge. Further reading: Naess, A. (1973) The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary Inquiry, 16. Naess, A. (1989) Ecology, Community and Lifestyle (Cambridge UP). Fox, W. (2003) Deep Ecology: a new philosophy for our time? In Light, A. and Rolston, H. (2003) Environmental Ethics: An Anthology (Blackwell). Fox, W. (1991) Towards a transpersonal ecology (Shambhala). Devall, B. and Sessions, G. (1985) Deep Ecology (Peregrine Smith Books). Light, Katz and Rothenberg (eds) (2002) Beneath the Surface: Critical Essays in the Philosophy of Deep Ecology (MIT Press). Guha, R. (1989) Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique, Environmental Ethics 11:1. Witoszek, N. and Brennan, A. (1999) Philosophical Dialogues: Arne Naess and the Development of Ecophilosophy (Rowman and Littlefield). Also, several of the introductions to environmental ethics in the general further reading list below include discussions of deep ecology. Session 5: Environmental Pragmatism and Urban Environmental Ethics guest lecture from Leslie Mabon Although cultural and social geographies have been interested in cities and rural landscapes for many years, environmental ethics, especially in Australia and North America, has focused its attention on wild environments. In this session we look at recent attempts to move the environmental ethics debate into urban environments. Light, Andrew (2001) The Urban Blindspot in Environmental Ethics Environmental Politics, 10:1, 7-35. Light, Andrew (2004) Elegy for a Garden Terrain.org: A Journal of the Built and Natural Environments, http://www.terrain.org/essays/13/light.htm. Lee, Jennifer B. (2004) Hawks Inspect Renovation New York Times, 29/12/04. Lueck, Thomas J. (2005) Hawks May Be Awaiting the Stork New York Times, 15/3/05. Further reading: NB: The Special Issue of the Journal of Social Philosophy: Urban Environmental Ethics, 34:1, 2003, is not available in the library. See individual articles from it posted on WebCT for session 5. Light, A. and Katz, E. ed (1996) Environmental Pragmatism (Routledge). Light, A (2003) Urban Ecological Citizenship Journal of Social Philosophy 34:1. Andrew Light interview (2009): http://in-english.blogsthema.marseille-provence2013.fr/archives/14 Gunn, A. (1998) Rethinking Communities: Environmental Ethics in an Urbanised World Environmental Ethics 20:4, pp. 341-360. Jamieson, D. (1984) The City Around Us, in Regan, T. (ed) Earthbound: New Introductory Essays in Environmental Ethics (Random House). King, Roger (2000) Environmental Ethics and the Built Environment Environmental Ethics 22:2, pp. 115-132.

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Kirkman, Robert (2004) The Ethics of Metropolitan Growth: A Framework Philosophy and Geography, 7:2, pp. 201-218. Dagger, R (2003) Stopping Sprawl for the Good of All: The Case of Civic Environmentalism Journal of Social Philosophy 34:1. De Shalit, A. (2003) Philosophy Gone Urban: Reflections on Urban Restoration Journal of Social Philosophy 34:1. Palmer, C. (2003) Placing Animals in Urban Environmental Ethics, Journal of Social Philosophy 34:1. Michelfelder, D. (2003) Valuing Wildlife Populations in Urban Environments Journal of Social Philosophy 34:1. Session 6: Aesthetic Value and the Natural Environment In this session we turn to aesthetic value and natural environments. We begin by considering some recent work in environmental aesthetics from a philosophical perspective, especially criticisms of claims that: (a) aesthetic value is associated with appreciating nature as scenery; and (b) aesthetic value is a trivial and subjective environmental value. Saito, Yuriko (1998) The Aesthetics of Unscenic Nature Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism: Special Issue Environmental Aesthetics, 56:2. Brady, Emily (2003) Aesthetics, Ethics and Environmental Conservation. In Aesthetics of the Natural Environment Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Further reading: Carlson, A. (2007) Environmental Aesthetics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. On-line at: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/environmental-aesthetics/ Carlson, A. (2003) ‘Environmental Aesthetics’ in Lopes and Gaut (eds) Routledge Companion to Aesthetics (Routledge). Parsons, Glenn (2008) Aesthetics and Nature (Continuum). Parsons, Glenn (2007) The Aesthetics of Nature, Philosophy Compass, 2:3, 358-372. Hepburn, R.W. (1984) ‘Contemporary Aesthetics and the Neglect of Natural Beauty’ reprinted in Wonder and other essays (Edinburgh UP). Moore, R. (2008) Natural Beauty (Broadview). Berleant, A. (1992) Aesthetics of Environment (Temple UP). Berleant, A. (2005) Aesthetics and Environment, Themes and Variations on Art and Culture (Ashgate). Session 7: Science and Aesthetic Value As an alternative to the ‘scenery model’ of aesthetics of nature, some have argued that aesthetic judgment and appreciation ought to be grounded in scientific knowledge. This week we consider the strengths and weaknesses of this view. Carlson, A (1979) Appreciation and the Natural Environment Journal of Aesthetics and Art-Criticism, 37:3, 267-275. Reprinted in Carlson, A. (2000) Aesthetics and the Environment (Routledge). Lintott, S. (2006) Toward Eco-Friendly Aesthetics, Environmental Ethics, 28:2, 57-76. Further reading: Carlson, A. (2000) Aesthetics and the Environment: Nature, Art and Architecture (Routledge). These are mainly his collected essays which appeared previously as journal articles, e.g.: Carlson, A. (1979) Appreciation and the Natural Environment Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 37; Carlson, A. (1981) Nature and Positive Aesthetics Environmental Ethics, 6.

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Brady, E. (2003) Aesthetics of the Natural Environment, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, chapter 4. Rolston III, Holmes (1995) Does Aesthetic Appreciation of Landscapes Need to be Science-Based? British Journal of Aesthetics 35:4. Parsons, G. (2002) ‘Nature Appreciation, Science and Positive Aesthetics’, British Journal of Aesthetics, 42:2. Saito, Y. (1998) Appreciating Nature on its Own Terms, Environmental Ethics, 20, 1998, and reprinted in Berleant and Carlson (2004). Session 8: Environment, Nature and Art As in environmental ethics, much of the writing in the area of environmental aesthetics in philosophy has tended to focus only on natural environments. In this session we look at recent work that signifies a new interest in aesthetic value and environments modified by humans. Film in class: Andy Goldsworthy: Rivers and Tides: Working with Time. DVD film; Dir. Riedelsheimer, T.; Prod. A. Donop. 2004. Brady, E (2006) The Human-Nature Relationship in Environmental and Land Art. In Sigurjonsdottir, A. and Jonsson, O. (eds) Art, Ethics and Environment (Cambridge Scholars Press). Maskit, J (2007) Line of Wreckage: Towards a Postindustrial Environmental Aesthetics Ethics, Place and Environment: Special Issue: Environmental and Land Art,10:3, 323-337. Further reading: Carlson, A. (1986) Is Environmental Art an Aesthetic Affront to Nature? Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 16, 635-50, reprinted in Carlson, 2000, chapter 10. Crawford, D. (1983) Art and Nature: Some Dialectical Relationships. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, pp. 49-58. Brady, E. (ed) Ethics, Place and Environment: Special Issue: Environmental and Land Art,10:3, 2007. Simus J (2008) Environmental Art and Ecological Citizenship Environmental Ethics, 30:1. Matless, David and George Revill (1995) A solo ecology: the erratic art of Andy Goldsworthy Ecumene, 2:4, pp. 423-447. Heyd, T. (2002) Nature Restoration Without Dissimulation: Learning from Japanese Gardens and Earthworks. Essays in Philosophy. 2:1, pp. 1-13. Kastner J. and Wallis, B., eds. 1998. Environmental and Land Art. London: Phaidon. Spaid, S. (2002) Ecovention: current art to transform ecologies (greenmuseum.org et al.). Ross, Stephanie (1996) Gardens, Earthworks, and Environmental Art, in Kemal, S. and Gaskell, I. (eds) Landscape, Natural Beauty and the Arts Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thornes, J (2008) A Rough Guide to Environmental Art, Annual Review of Environmental Resources, 33:3, 391-411. Session 9: Aesthetics, Ethics, and Ecological Restoration Ecological restoration is a popular new environmental policy and practice, with the largest ever attempt to restore an ecosystem currently taking place in the Everglades in the US. In this session we consider some criticisms of restoration policy and conflicts of values that arise between different environmental values. Elliot, Robert (2000) Faking Nature, reprinted in Throop, W. (ed) Environmental Restoration: Ethics, Theory, Practice Amherst: Humanity Books.

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Lee, Keekok (1995) Beauty Forever? Environmental Values 4. Further reading: Elliot, R. (1997) Faking Nature, London and New York: Routledge. Katz, E. (1996) The Problem of Ecological Restoration Environmental Ethics, 18. Katz, E. (2003) The Big Lie: Human Restoration of Nature, Nature as Subject. Reprinted inn Light and Rolston, ed Environmental Ethics: An Anthology Light, A. Ecological Restoration and the Culture of Nature. In Light and Rolston, ed. Environmental Ethics Throop, W. (ed) (2000) Environmental Restoration: Ethics, Theory, Practice Amherst: Humanity Books. Gobster, P. and Hull, B. (eds) (2000) Restoring Nature: Perspectives from the Social Sciences and Humanities (Island Press). Jordan, W (2003) The Sunflower Forest: Ecological Restoration and the New Communion with Nature (California UP). Attfield, R. (1994) ‘Rehabilitating nature and making nature habitable’, in R. Attfield and A. Belsey (eds) Philosophy and the Natural Environment. Session 10: Ethics and Climate Change Gardiner, S (2006) A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics and the Problem of Moral Corruption, Environmental Values 15:3, 397-413. Singer, P. One Atmosphere. In Singer (2004: 2nd ed) One World: The Ethics of Globalization (Yale UP). Further reading: Singer, P (2006) Ethics and Climate Change: A Commentary on MacCracken, Toman and Gardiner, Environmental Values 15:3, 415-422. Garvey, J. (2008) Ethics of Climate Change (Continuum). Shue, Henry (2001) Climate. In A Companion to Environmental Philosophy, ed. Dale Jamieson, 449-59. (Blackwell) Hood, R (2003) Global Warming. Companion to Applied Ethics, eds. R. G. Frey and Christopher Wellman (Blackwell) pp. 674-84. Sinnott-Armstrong, W. and Howarth, R. ed. (2005) Perspectives on Climate Change: Science, Economics, Politics, Ethics (Elsevier). White Paper on Ethics and Climate Change, at Penn State University’s Rock Ethics Institute, http://rockethics.psu.edu/climate/whitepaper/edcc-whitepaper.pdf Davidson, M (2008) Wrongful Harm to Future Generations: The Case of Climate Change Environmental Values, 17:4, 471-488. Gardiner, S (2004) The Global Warming Tragedy and the Dangerous Illusion of the Kyoto Protocol, Ethics and International Affairs, 18:1, 23-39. Jamieson, D (2001) Climate Change and Global Environmental Justice. In Changing the atmosphere : expert knowledge and environmental governance Clark A. Miller and Paul N. Edwards (eds) (MIT Press). Lomborg, B (2001) "Global Warming. In The Skeptical Environmentalist. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Light, A. (2008) ‘Climate Ethics After Bali’ lecture podcast available at: http://www.lectures.iastate.edu/lecture/15109

General further reading NB: Not all further readings listed here and above are available in the library.

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Abram, David (1996) The Spell of the Sensuous (New York: Vintage). Animal Studies Group (2006) Killing Animals (Indiana UP). Armstrong, S. and Botzler, R. (eds) (2003) The Animal Ethics Reader (Routledge). Attfield, R. (2003) Environmental ethics: an overview for the twenty-first century (Polity). Attfield, R. (1999) The Ethics of the Global Environment (Edinburgh UP). Attfield, R. (ed) (1991) The ethics of environmental concern (U. Georgia Press). Attfield, R. (1981) The Good of Trees Journal of Value Inquiry 15: 35-54. Beardsley, J. (1998) Earthworks and Beyond (Abbeville). Benson, J. (2000) Environmental Ethics: An Introduction with Readings (London: Routledge). Berleant, A. and Carlson, A. (eds) (1998) Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism: Special issue on environmental aesthetics 56:2. Berleant, A. (2002) Environment and the Arts: Perspectives on Environmental Aesthetics, (Ashgate). Berleant, A. and Carlson, A. (eds) (2004) Aesthetics of Natural Environments (Broadview). Berleant, A. and Carlson, A. (eds) (2007) Aesthetics of Human Environments (Broadview). Berleant, A. (1997) Living in the Landscape (Kansas UP) Brady, E. (2006) ‘The Aesthetics of Agricultural Landscapes and the Human-Nature Relationship.’ Ethics, Place and Environment. 9:1, 1-19. Brennan, A. (1995) The Ethics of the Environment (Aldershot). Budd, M. The Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature, Oxford, 2002. Callicott, J.B. (1994) Earth’s insights: a survey of ecological ethics from the Mediterranean basin to the Australian outback (U. California Press). Callicott, J.B. and Ames, R.T. (eds) (1989) Nature in Asian traditions of thought: essays in environmental philosophy (SUNY UP). Callicott, J. B. and Palmer, C., eds. (2005) Critical Concepts in the Environment (London and New York: Routledge). Carlson, A. (1984) On Appreciating Agricultural Landscapes Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 43 (and reprinted in his book). Chappell, T.D. (ed) (1997) The philosophy of the environment (Edinburgh). Cooper, David and Palmer, Joy eds. (1992) The Environment in Question: Ethics and Global Issues. (New York: Routledge). Cooper, D. and James, S. (2005) Buddhism, virtue and environment (Ashgate). Cosgrove, D. and S. Daniels (eds) (1988) The Iconography of Landscape. DesJardins, J. (2001) Environmental Ethics, Wadsworth. Jamieson, D. (2003) A Companion to Environmental Philosophy, London: Blackwell. Elliot, R. & Gare, A. (1983) Environmental Philosophy (Milton Keynes: Open UP). Elliot, R. (ed) (1995) Environmental ethics (Oxford UP). Fox, W. (ed) (2000) The Ethics of the Built Environment (Routledge). Gardiner, S. (2004) Ethics and Global Climate Change Ethics 114, 555-600. Godlovitch, S. (1994) Icebreakers: Environmentalism and Natural Aesthetics Journal of Applied Philosophy, 11. Guha, R. (1989) Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique, Environmental Ethics 11:1. Hargrove, E. (1996) Foundations of Environmental Ethics (Prentice-Hall). Hay, P. (2002) A Companion to Environmental Thought (Edinburgh UP). Hepburn, R.W. 2001. The Reach of the Aesthetic: Collected Essays on Art and Nature. (Ashgate). Heyd, Thom. After Nature (Ashgate). Humphrey, P. (1985) ‘The Ethics of Earthworks’, Environmental Ethics, 7, pp. 22-30. Jamieson, D. (ed) (2003) A Companion to Environmental Philosophy (Blackwell).

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Jamieson, D. (2005) Morality’s Progress, Oxford UP. Katz, E. (1997) Nature as subject: human obligation and natural community (Rowman and Littlefield). Kemal, S. and I. Gaskell (eds) (1993) Landscape, Natural Beauty and the Arts (Cambridge UP). Light, A. and Rolston, H. (eds) (2003) Environmental Ethics: An Anthology (Blackwell). Light, A. and Katz, E. ed (1996) Environmental Pragmatism (Routledge). Lomborg, B. ed (2008) Cool It! (Vintage Press). Mannison, M. McRobbie and R. Routley Environmental Philosophy. Matless, D. (ed) (2003) Landscape, in Anderson, Domosh, Pile and Thrift (eds) Handbook of Cultural Geography (Sage). Passmore, John (1974) Man's Responsibility for Nature (Duckworth). Porteous, J.D. (1996) Environmental Aesthetics: Ideas, Politics, Planning. (Routledge). Plumwood, V. (1996) Feminism and the Mastery of Nature (Routledge). Pratt, V. with J. Howarth and E. Brady (2000) Philosophy and environment (Routledge). Regan, T. (1982) All that dwell therein: animal rights and environmental ethics (U. California Press). Rolston, H. (1989) Philosophy Gone Wild: Environmental Ethics (Prometheus). Ross, S. (2006) Paradoxes and Puzzles: Appreciating Gardens and Urban Nature, Contemporary Aesthetics, 4, http://www.contempaesthetics.org/index.html. Routley R. (2003) 'Is There a Need for a New, an Environmental Ethic?' in A. Light and H. Rolston III (eds) Environmental Ethics: An Anthology. Routley, R. and Routley V. (1980) 'Human Chauvinism and Environmental Ethics' in D. Schmidtz and Willott (2002) Environmental Ethics: What Really Matters, What Really Works (New York: Oxford UP). Sessions, G. (ed) 1995. Deep Ecology for the 21st Century, Boston: Shambhala. Singer P. (1993) Practical Ethics (Cambridge UP). Soper, K. (1995) What is Nature? (Blackwell). Thompson, P. (1995) The spirit of the soil: agriculture and environmental ethics (Routledge). Sterba (ed.), Earth Ethics: Environmental Ethics, Animal Rights, and Practical Applications. Tuan, Y-F. (1974) Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Values. Tuan, Y-F. (1995) Passing Strange and Wonderful: Aesthetics, Nature and Culture, (Kodansha). Warren, Mary Anne 'The Rights of the Non-Human World' in Elliot, R and Gare, A (1983) Environmental Philosophy. White, L. (1967) ‘The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis’, Science, 55:1203-1207 ; reprinted in Schmidtz and Willott 2002. Wylie, J (2007) Landscape (Routledge) Zimmermann, M. et al. (2001) Environmental Philosophy: from animal rights to radical ecology (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall).

Other resources Web resources A few helpful websites in the context of this course: Center for Environmental Philosophy: You can find helpful bibliographies, an index for all articles in Environmental Ethics here, and many other resources. http://www.cep.unt.edu/ On environmental art: www.greenmuseum.org Scottish Natural Heritage: www.snh.org.uk

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A great source on environmental research: http://environmentalresearchweb.org/cws/home Journals All of the following are available through the university library and/or the university’s electronic journals: Environmental Values; Ethics and Environment; Ethics, Place and Environment. The well-established and extremely useful journal, Environmental Ethics, is available in the library but not yet available electronically.

Note to Disabled and Dyslexic Students We welcome disabled students (including those with specific learning difficulties such as dyslexia) and are working to make all our courses accessible. If you wish to talk to a member of academic staff about the course requirements and your particular needs please contact your Director of Studies or the Disability Office, in the first instance, so that they can assess your situation and advise the course organiser accordingly. They will only pass on information with your consent. You can also contact the Disability Office, 6 - 8 South College Street, telephone 650 6828 and an Advisor will be happy to meet with you. The Advisor can discuss possible adjustments and specific examination arrangements with you, assist you with an application for Disabled Students' Allowance, give you information about available technology and personal assistance such as note takers, proof readers or dyslexia tutors, and prepare a Learning Profile for your School which outlines recommended adjustments. You will be expected to provide the Disability Office with evidence of disability - either a letter from your GP or specialist, or evidence of specific learning difficulty. For dyslexia or dyspraxia this evidence must be a recent Chartered Educational Psychologist's assessment. If you do not have this, the Disability Office can put you in touch with an independent Educational Psychologist.'

APPENDIX FOLLOWS

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School of GeoSciences Coursework Feedback Sheet Matriculation Number:____________________________________________ Assignment:____________________________________________________ Course: _________________________________ Date Marked:___________

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Pa

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Go

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Ex

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No recognition of the demands of the task Recognition of nature & extent of task

Poorly chosen topic with little or no relevance to the programme.

Well chosen topic. Clear justification of relevance.

Serious lack of knowledge. Irrelevant or erroneous material. Limited scope.

Comprehensive range of up-to-date material handled in a professional way.

No evidence of understanding. Confused. Shows a command of the subject and current theory.

Does not address the subject. Clear and analytical. Fully explores the subject.

Extremely limited. May be no coherent discussion. Confused.

Evidence of deep thinking. Rigorous approach in critical evaluation and integration of evidence and ideas.

Extremely limited or omitted. Comprehensive grasp of the up-to-date literature used in a professional way.

Confusing or no attempt to order material in a systematic way.

Clear and coherent showing logical, ordered thought.

Unacceptable writing style and presentation. Clear and professional with few flaws. Correct referencing. Appropriate figures

NB: These check boxes are for guidance and feedback only. They may be used to aid in the allocation of a final mark, but note that this mark is always an overall assessment by the marker and you should not always expect a direct correlation between the checked boxes and the final mark.

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School of GeoSciences

Own Work Declaration

This sheet must be filled in (each box ticked to show that the condition has been met), signed and dated, and attached to each assessment you submit. This sheet will be

removed from the assessment before marking.

Name: ……………………………………… Matriculation Number: ………………… Programme:……………………………………………………………………................ Course & Assignment:………………………………………………………………..........

I confirm that all this work is my own except where indicated, and that I have:

• Clearly referenced/listed all sources as appropriate �

• Referenced and put in inverted commas all quoted text (from books, web, etc) �

• Given the source of all pictures, data etc. that are not my own �

• Not made any use of report(s) or essay(s) of any other student(s) either past or present �

• Not sought or used the help of any external professional academic agencies for the work �

• Acknowledged in appropriate places any help that I received from others � (e.g. fellow students, technicians, statisticians, external sources)

• Complied with any other plagiarism criteria specified in the Programme handbook �

I understand that any false claim for this work will be penalised in accordance with University regulations �

Signature …………………………………….

Date …………………………………………..

Please note: If you need further guidance on plagiarism, you can

1. Consult your programme handbook

2. Speak to your programme director

3. Check out http://www.acaffairs.ed.ac.uk/Administration/index.htm