Values and EthicsValues and Ethics

What do you believe in?What do you believe in? Who do you care about?Who do you care about? What motivates you?What motivates you? Are you a spiritual person?Are you a spiritual person? Why are you really in college?Why are you really in college? How do you tell the How do you tell the difference between right and wrong? difference between right and wrong?

Let’s take a look at

what really matters to

you.

What are values?What are values? They are the ideas and beliefs about life They are the ideas and beliefs about life

that guide us to do what we do and be that guide us to do what we do and be what we are…what we are…

They can be about:They can be about:PoliticsPolitics FamilyFamily

SexSex FriendsFriends

ReligionReligion DishonestyDishonesty

Being of serviceBeing of service Taking RisksTaking Risks

EducationEducation RespectRespect

MoneyMoney LeisureLeisure

CareerCareer And so on…And so on…

Different kinds of Values Different kinds of Values

Moral Values:Moral Values:• Values you hold for yourself but Values you hold for yourself but

don’t force on others such as right don’t force on others such as right vs. wrong, honesty vs. dishonesty, vs. wrong, honesty vs. dishonesty, being of service to othersbeing of service to others

Aesthetic Values:Aesthetic Values:• Personal standards of beauty as Personal standards of beauty as

seen in nature, art, music, personal seen in nature, art, music, personal appearanceappearance

Performance Values:Performance Values:• Benchmarks you set for yourself Benchmarks you set for yourself

such as accuracy, speed, reward for such as accuracy, speed, reward for achievement, self-discipline and achievement, self-discipline and overall accomplishmentoverall accomplishment

Means & Ends ValuesMeans & Ends Values

Instrumental Values (the means):Instrumental Values (the means):• Objectives used to reach goals such as Objectives used to reach goals such as

being responsible, obedient, loving, being responsible, obedient, loving, ambitious, independent, honestambitious, independent, honest

Intrinsic Values (the end):Intrinsic Values (the end):• Personal happiness, a comfortable life, Personal happiness, a comfortable life,

personal freedom, true friendship, a personal freedom, true friendship, a successful careersuccessful career

Values ChecklistValues Checklist Having good friendsHaving good friends Having a positive relationshipHaving a positive relationship Having self-respect & the Having self-respect & the

respect of othersrespect of others Being financially secureBeing financially secure Being spiritualBeing spiritual Making a meaningful Making a meaningful

contribution to mankindcontribution to mankind Being a moral personBeing a moral person Being a great athleteBeing a great athlete Being physically attractiveBeing physically attractive Being creativeBeing creative Being personally responsibleBeing personally responsible Getting along well with people Getting along well with people

in generalin general

Having freedom and Having freedom and independenceindependence

Being well educatedBeing well educated Serving othersServing others Having peace of mindHaving peace of mind Getting recognition (being Getting recognition (being

famous)famous) Being a good citizenBeing a good citizen Being healthyBeing healthy Being intelligentBeing intelligent Having strong family tiesHaving strong family ties Being honest & having Being honest & having

integrityintegrity Being dedicated and Being dedicated and

committedcommitted

Values for College SuccessValues for College Success Connecting your personal values to being Connecting your personal values to being

successful in college:successful in college:• Clarify your values to be sure you really understand Clarify your values to be sure you really understand

them-them- As strange as it may seem, many people operate on values As strange as it may seem, many people operate on values

without thinking them through.without thinking them through. Truly understanding your values is key to applying them Truly understanding your values is key to applying them

successfully in college, in a career, or in life.successfully in college, in a career, or in life.

• Make a forthright self-evaluation-Make a forthright self-evaluation- Are your values workable in college? Are your values workable in college? Do you need to change or re-figure them?Do you need to change or re-figure them?

• If necessary, change your values to make them more If necessary, change your values to make them more productive and effective…productive and effective…

Forging Academic Values:Forging Academic Values:Participate FullyParticipate Fully

College takes much more time and work College takes much more time and work than high school.than high school.

You also have much more freedom which You also have much more freedom which requires much more personal responsibility.requires much more personal responsibility.

Avoid being unnecessarily frivolous, make Avoid being unnecessarily frivolous, make yourself stay “on-task”!yourself stay “on-task”!

And, unless you honestly have no choice, And, unless you honestly have no choice, DON’T SKIP CLASS!DON’T SKIP CLASS!

Forging Academic Values:Forging Academic Values:Participate Honorably #1Participate Honorably #1

Let’s be frank: If you cheat or plagiarize, you are Let’s be frank: If you cheat or plagiarize, you are side-stepping the real reason you came to side-stepping the real reason you came to college: to get an education.college: to get an education.

Academic dishonesty myths:Academic dishonesty myths:• The risk of getting caught is small.The risk of getting caught is small.

It only takes getting caught once and you could be out.It only takes getting caught once and you could be out.• There is no other way to be “successful.”There is no other way to be “successful.”

No? Then dishonesty should be the hallmark of all human No? Then dishonesty should be the hallmark of all human endeavor.endeavor.

• It doesn’t matter in the long run.It doesn’t matter in the long run. Not if you don’t have a conscience.Not if you don’t have a conscience.

• The penalty for getting caught won’t be severe.The penalty for getting caught won’t be severe. Is this something you want to find out the hard way?Is this something you want to find out the hard way?

Forging Academic Values:Forging Academic Values:Participate Honorably #2Participate Honorably #2

If, on the other hand, you honestly give it your If, on the other hand, you honestly give it your “best shot”:“best shot”:• Practicing academic integrity builds moral character.Practicing academic integrity builds moral character.

There’s nothing like having your conscience tell you did it There’s nothing like having your conscience tell you did it right!right!

• Choosing moral actions builds others’ trust in you.Choosing moral actions builds others’ trust in you. Having people believe in you is a major plus.Having people believe in you is a major plus.

• Making bogus grades masks real feedback about Making bogus grades masks real feedback about learning.learning.

How will you ever know what you are really capable of?How will you ever know what you are really capable of?• Improving integrity in the classroom can rebuild national Improving integrity in the classroom can rebuild national

character.character. The college classroom is an excellent place to begin The college classroom is an excellent place to begin

stemming the tide of corporate greed and corruption.stemming the tide of corporate greed and corruption.

The Eleventh CommandmentThe Eleventh Commandment

Thou shalt not get caught!

Challenges to your ValuesChallenges to your Values At college, you are going to meet new people whose values At college, you are going to meet new people whose values

may be quite different, if not totally opposite, to your own.may be quite different, if not totally opposite, to your own.• You may be politically liberal and find yourself You may be politically liberal and find yourself

befriending a staunch conservative.befriending a staunch conservative. Are you going to pass judgment and walk away?Are you going to pass judgment and walk away? Or are you going to be tolerant and try to see the person in Or are you going to be tolerant and try to see the person in

a new way?a new way? Tolerance is a very positive trait, but even it can be carried Tolerance is a very positive trait, but even it can be carried

too far.too far. If you see your new friend show a really self-destructive If you see your new friend show a really self-destructive

tendency, like excessive drinking, it is probably best not to tendency, like excessive drinking, it is probably best not to aid and abet them in their weakness, but rather to tell them aid and abet them in their weakness, but rather to tell them what you really think.what you really think.

Your challenge is to balance your personal welfare, your Your challenge is to balance your personal welfare, your tolerance for diversity and your freedom of choice.tolerance for diversity and your freedom of choice.

Values in Conflict: DualismsValues in Conflict: Dualisms Values of a society are often in conflict:Values of a society are often in conflict:

• Poverty vs. “Rugged Individualism”Poverty vs. “Rugged Individualism”• The Death Penalty vs. Deterrence of Major CrimesThe Death Penalty vs. Deterrence of Major Crimes• And so on…And so on…

An individual’s values can also be in conflict, often An individual’s values can also be in conflict, often personal values reflect the two-sided nature of our personal values reflect the two-sided nature of our culture’s unresolved contradictory values.culture’s unresolved contradictory values.

Who is right? Who is wrong? – These are a matter of Who is right? Who is wrong? – These are a matter of individual choice, based on both conscience and individual choice, based on both conscience and careful critical thinking.careful critical thinking.

Think on this duality:Think on this duality:• Earning excellent grades in college is critical to Earning excellent grades in college is critical to

success in life.success in life.• The most important decision you make in college The most important decision you make in college

is about the kind of person you want to be.is about the kind of person you want to be. ““Grades?” Or “Who do you want to be?” How do you Grades?” Or “Who do you want to be?” How do you

resolve this enigma?resolve this enigma?

Changing Society, Changing ValuesChanging Society, Changing Values American values are changing, caused by:American values are changing, caused by:

• Demographic changes caused by much immigration Demographic changes caused by much immigration from other countriesfrom other countries

• Globalization of the world economyGlobalization of the world economy• Growing environmental concernsGrowing environmental concerns• Political polarizationPolitical polarization• Breakup of the familyBreakup of the family• Computer technology and the InternetComputer technology and the Internet• The Feminist movementThe Feminist movement• Federal intervention in state’s rightsFederal intervention in state’s rights• TerrorismTerrorism• And on and on…And on and on…

All of these, and many more, will greatly affect the values All of these, and many more, will greatly affect the values of the individual.of the individual.

Service Learning and ValuesService Learning and Values Service Learning is a teaching method that Service Learning is a teaching method that

combines meaningful service to the combines meaningful service to the community with curriculum-based learning.community with curriculum-based learning.• Serving:Serving: To be effective, it should serve a genuine To be effective, it should serve a genuine

community need, seen by a student-led community need, seen by a student-led assessment and it should serve a real need.assessment and it should serve a real need.

• Linking: Linking: The program needs to have a strong link The program needs to have a strong link between the community need and classroom between the community need and classroom goals.goals.

• Learning: Learning: Reflection is a key element in service Reflection is a key element in service learning. The instructor sets time and methods for learning. The instructor sets time and methods for students to reflect on and analyze their service students to reflect on and analyze their service experience.experience.

• It includes the best of both worlds into one: It includes the best of both worlds into one: community service and internships into one community service and internships into one learning experience.learning experience.

Think about your legacy…Think about your legacy… In order to aid you to understand if you are truly In order to aid you to understand if you are truly

living up to your values, Stephen Covey, author of living up to your values, Stephen Covey, author of the bestseller the bestseller The 7 Habits of Highly Successful The 7 Habits of Highly Successful People,People, suggests you ask yourself this question: suggests you ask yourself this question:• Imagine that you are attending your own funeral, looking Imagine that you are attending your own funeral, looking

down at yourself in the casket.down at yourself in the casket.• After you sit down, four people:After you sit down, four people:

A family memberA family member A friendA friend A co-workerA co-worker Someone from your church or community organizationSomeone from your church or community organization

give a eulogy for you.give a eulogy for you.• What would you want them to say about you?What would you want them to say about you?

Value Assessment Web ResourcesValue Assessment Web Resources College Success Factors IndexCollege Success Factors Index

• http://www.csfi-wadsworth.comhttp://www.csfi-wadsworth.com Steps to Successful Career PlanningSteps to Successful Career Planning

• http://career.asu.edu/S/careerplan/selfdiscovery/ValuesAssessment.htmhttp://career.asu.edu/S/careerplan/selfdiscovery/ValuesAssessment.htm

Journal of College and CharacterJournal of College and Character• http://collegevalues.org/center.cfmhttp://collegevalues.org/center.cfm

Rutgers Value AssessmentRutgers Value Assessment• http://careerservices.rutgers.edu/OCAvaluesassessment.htmlhttp://careerservices.rutgers.edu/OCAvaluesassessment.html

Ohio Learning Network: Values AssessmentOhio Learning Network: Values Assessment• http://www.oln.org/student_services/plan_your_education/assess_values.phphttp://www.oln.org/student_services/plan_your_education/assess_values.php

Values & EthicsValues & Ethics In the preceding presentation about values, the In the preceding presentation about values, the

words morals and morality came up regularly.words morals and morality came up regularly. Is there a connection between morality and Is there a connection between morality and

ethics?ethics? Generally, the words are used interchangeably. Generally, the words are used interchangeably.

There is, however, a difference:There is, however, a difference:• Morality is usually more Morality is usually more theoreticaltheoretical; it is a philosophical ; it is a philosophical

concept.concept.• Ethics are the Ethics are the practical applicationpractical application of morality in daily of morality in daily

life.life. The difference is that of The difference is that of theorytheory and and practice.practice. If a person has a moral character, he or she will If a person has a moral character, he or she will

generally deal with other people in an ethical generally deal with other people in an ethical manner.manner.

A 28 Day ProjectA 28 Day Project In order to determine what you believe is the most In order to determine what you believe is the most

important personal value of all, here is a method originally important personal value of all, here is a method originally developed by the ancient Greeks for determining developed by the ancient Greeks for determining something really important.something really important.

At the same time every day (for instance, upon rising in the At the same time every day (for instance, upon rising in the morning or at bedtime) for 28 days, keep a journal and morning or at bedtime) for 28 days, keep a journal and write down: “The personal value I consider most important write down: “The personal value I consider most important is ______” Try to keep it to as few items as possible. One is ______” Try to keep it to as few items as possible. One thing is best, but if you have several items, write them thing is best, but if you have several items, write them down. Limit yourself to no more than three.down. Limit yourself to no more than three.

At about the 25At about the 25thth or 26 or 26thth day of the procedure, one day of the procedure, one particular value should emerge as the predominant one.particular value should emerge as the predominant one.

Enjoy, learn and grow!Enjoy, learn and grow!