Value chain based livestock development in Tigray: Assessment and potential interventions

www.lives-ethiopia.org

Gebremedhin Woldewahid, LIVES-ILRIDawit Woldemariam, LIVES-ILRI

Gebreegziabher Hagos, Tigray, BoARDMulubirhan Kifle, TARI

Presentation outline

1. Introduction2. Selection of zones, commodities and districts3. Description of agricultural systems4. Assessment of livestock development 4.1 Potentials 4.2 Limitations5. Proposed potential interventions6. Further discussion

1. Introduction

• Project objective to transform smallholders to a more market oriented agriculture…

• How?

2. Selection of zones, commodities and districts

Selected Zone

Poultry(meat/eggs)

Beekeeping (Honey& wax)

Dairy (Milk, butter, heifer)

SR (meat/live animals)

Irrigated agriculture

Total

- Central √ - √ √ √ 4

- Eastern - √ √ √ √ 4

Total 1 1 2 2 2 8

Selected zones and associated high value commodities in Tigray, 2012.

Selection of action districts: Central zone

No District name in central Zone of Tigray

Poultry Dairy SR meat/live

animals

Irrigated agriculture

Total Rank

1 Ahferom 3 3 3 3 12 1

2 Adwa 3 3 1 2 9 5

3 Wer’eleke 2 2 3 2 9 5

4 Merebleke 2 2 3 3 10 2

5 Tahitay Maitchew 2 2 3 3 10 2

6 Laelay Maitchew 3 3 1 3 10 2

7 Kolla Tembien 3 2 3 1 9 5

8 Naeder-Adet 1 1 3 2 7 8

9 Tanka Abergelle 1 1 3 1 6 9

Districts commodity potential ranking matrix using a scale of 0 to 3 where 0 = no potential, 1 = limited potential, 2 = medium potential and 3 = high potential, 2012.

Selection of action districts: Central zone

Selection of action districts: Eastern zone

No District name in eastern Zone of Tigray

Honeyand bee

wax

Dairy SR meat/live

animals

Irrigated agriculture

Total Rank

1 Atsb-Womberta 3 2 3 3 11 1

2 Kilte-Awlaelo 3 3 1 3 10 3

3 Hausien 1 3 3 2 9 4

4 S/T/Emba 2 3 3 3 11 1

5 Ganta Afeshum 3 2 2 2 9 4

6 Gulo-Mekeda 2 1 2 1 6 6

7 Erob 1 1 2 1 5 7

Districts commodity potential ranking matrix using a scale of 0 to 3 where 0 = no potential, 1 = limited potential, 2 = medium potential and 3 = high potential, 2012.

Selection of action districts: Eastern zone

3. Description of agricultural systems

Central zone

3. Description of agricultural systems…

Eastern zone

Land use, human and livestock population in central and eastern zones of Tigray, 2012.

Description Central zone Eastern zone

Human population Unit Amount Amount

  male no 556,842 395,370  Female no 575,387 435,133  Total no 1,132,229 830,503

Land area

cultivated (rainfed) ha 193,000.2 94,859.4

cultivated (irrigated) ha 52,033 24,256.2grazing area ha 141,399.5 140,994.2others ha 587,657.5 344,934Total ha 974,090.2 605,043.8Livestock population

Cattle no 859,066 414,408Small ruminants no 949,130 1297203

poultry no 1,312,844 546,472Honeybee colonies no 98,910 83,624

Total no 3,219,950 2,341,707

4. Assessment of livestock development

Poultry

Dairy SR

Irriga

ted agricultu

re0

102030405060708090

Commodity type

PAs p

oten

tial f

or C

VD (%

)Central zone

Beekeep-ing

Dairy SR Irrigated agriculture

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Commodity type

Pote

ntial

PAs

for C

VD (%

)

Eastern zone

4.1 Potentials

4.1 Potentials: Recommendation domainsRecommendation domain areas (Peasant Association) selected zonal commodities in central Tigray. Degree of commodity potential can be expressed at Peasant Association (PA) level by indicating 0 = no potential, 1 = limited potential, 2= medium potential and 3= high potential by commodity and PA in Laelay Maitchew district.

Farming system type

PAs/FS Relative potential of the targeted commodities

Key target commodity

Poultry Milk SR meat/ live

animals

Irrigated agriculture

Midland mixed crop-livestock farming system

Lesalso 3 3 1 2 Poultry, dairy, sheep and irrigated agriculture

Hatsebo 3 3 2 3 Medego 3 3 2 3 Debre Birhan 3 3 2 2 Dura 3 3 3 3 Dereka 2 3 2 3 Mahibere Selam 3 2 3 3

Lowland mixed crop-livestock farming system

Edag Arbi 3 2 3 2 Small ruminant and poultry May Weini 2 2 3 1

Sagilamen 1 1 2 1 Adi Tsehafi 3 1 2 1 Ketema Dego 3 1 1 1 Mihe 1 1 3 1 Natika Bilae 2 1 3 1

Awlieo 1 1 3 1 Welel 1 1 2 1

Distribution of potential PAs for high value commodity development

Distribution of potential PAs for high value commodity development

4.2 Limitations

Value chain Dairy S. ruminants Poultry Honey

Production 2 2 2 2

Input service supply

1 1 1 1

Marketing Processing

3 3 3 3

Based on the existing situation vertically rank (1, 2, 3 – 1 highest ) need for production, input/service supply and processing interventions at district/ zonal level

4.2 Limitations

Beekeeping Poultry Dairy SR0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Commodity type

Prop

ortio

n (%

) of i

mpr

oved

stoc

k 1.1• Input supply/services

• Production

• Processing/marketing

4.2 Limitations…: Processing & marketing

Butter Milk0

20

40

60

80

100Central zone

Eastern zone

Dairy product type

Prop

ortio

n so

ld (%

)

Butter Milk0

20

40

60

80

100

Central zoneEastern zone

Dairy product type

Reve

nue

prop

ortio

n (%

)

4.2 Limitations …: Feed

Cultivated (rainfed)

Cultivated (irrigated)

Grazing area Others 0

20

40

60

Central zone Eastern zone

Land use

Land

pro

porti

on (%

)

4.2 Limitations…: Gender

Dairy Beekeeping Shoat Irrigation0

10

20

30

40

Commodity type

Prop

ortio

n of

FHH

s (%

)

Dairy Poultry Shoat Irrigation0

10

20

30

40

Commodity type

Prop

ortio

n of

FHH

s (%

)Central zone

Eastern zone

5. Proposed potential interventions5.1 Dairy

Category of producers

Production technologies

Input supply/services/credit

Processing and marketing

Market linkages

Specialized dairy producers

Vet, feed and breed

- Forage development (schools, clinic and others), linkages with other forage suppliers.- Private vet and AI services, link with heifer suppliers.

-Ensure quality fluid milk supply and quantity.- Quality testing and packaging standards.

-Establishment of milk shops-Milk selling in small quantity during feasting.

Non-specialized dairy producers

-Technological orientation: fluid milk, butter or heifer. - Oxen replacement by mechanization.

- reliable forage supply- vet and AI services- supply of packaging containers

-Group milk/butter/heifer marketing.-Quality testing and packaging standards.

- Linking milk/butter/heifer producers with traders, dairy producers or consumers.

Traditional dairy producers

-Breed, feed, Vet, and management-Oxen replacement by mechanization.

-Supply of public AI and vet services- Community and private based forage supply

-quality supply of milk/butter/heifer-packaging using standard containers

- Linking milk/butter/heifer producers with traders, dairy producers or consumers.

5. Proposed potential interventions…5.2 Beekeeping

Category of beekeepers (BB)

Production technologies

Input supply/services/credit

Processing and marketing

Market linkages

Specialized BB (>50 colonies)

-pest/diseases identification and control.-seasonal bee forage availability-protection from pesticide spray.

-drug supply-supply of bee forage seeds.-supply of KTB-supply of safe pesticides for vegetables and fruits.

-harvesting of mature honey and stored each harvest separately.-storage using proper container.-group marketing for local and export market.

-linking beekeepers with actual honey traders.

Mixed beekeepers (10-50 colonies)

-alternative beehives-KTB or local.-improved colony handling and colony split.-protection from enemies.

-supply of KTB, starter hives and accessories.-access to specialized credit for women group.-honey presser.

-Improved honey harvesting and storage.-enhance women and landless honey collectors.

-direct linkage with honey traders.

Traditional BB -improved colony split and wax collection- KTB.

-supply of KTB, accessories and honey presser.

-enhance women honey processors and shoppers, wax collectors.

-linking honey processors and wax collectors with beneficiaries.

5. Proposed potential interventions…5.3 Poultry

Category of poultry producers (PP)

Production technologies

Input supply/services/credit

Processing and marketing

Market linkages

Specialized PP -health-feed-breed

-specialized supply of drugs-group supply of feeds and improved breeds.

-processing of chicken meat into parts and sell in supper markets-packaging and transport facilities

Establish direct linkage between PP and consumers.

Mixed PP -feed-breed-health

-group supply of feeds and improved breeds. -access to drug supply -special access to credit supply for women

-establish women group traders-establish improved waiting houses for live chicken.

Establish linkages between PP, traders and consumers.

Traditional PP -feed-health-breed

-feed supply and health services

-targeting special holidays

5. Proposed potential interventions…5.4 Small ruminants (SR)Category of SR producers (SRP)

Production technologies

Input supply/services/credit

Processing and marketing

Market linkages

Improved SR fattening

-stall feeding-health-breed selection

-supply of ram group-private vet and drug suppliers.

-market at the right age and weight.

Not a major problem.

Improved SR breeding and fattening

-stall feeding-health-breed selection-male and female selective management

-feed supply-health services-community based breed selection- Pod collection and supply during feed shortage

-targeting of male animals for special holidays and unproductive females for restaurants and hotels.

Not a major problem.

Traditional SR breeding and fattening

-stall feed-health-breed

-feed supply-health services-community based breed selection- Pod collection and supply during feed shortage

-targeting of male animals for special holidays and unproductive females for restaurants and hotels.

Not a major problem.

5. Proposed potential interventions…

Watershed resources gradient

High value commoditiesDairy Beekeeping Poultry SR

Hilly sides +++ ++ +++

Backyard + +++ +++ ++

Bottomlands/gullies ++ +++ ++ +++

Irrigated sites +++ +++ ++ +++

5.5 Forage development

5. Proposed potential interventions…5.5 Forage development

Forage development sites

Production technologies

Input supply

Processing and marketing

Market linkages

Hilly sides

Backyards

Bottomlands and gulliesIrrigated sites

Cultivated (rain...

Cultivated (irrig

...

Grazing area

Others

0

20

40

60

Central zone Eastern zone

Land use

Land

pro

porti

on (%

)

6. Further discussion

Your innovative ideas on the potential intervention of livestock commodities to bring real changes in the income of producers and other value chain actors are welcome.

Dairy value chain based developments: proposed potential interventions

Category of producers

Production technologies

Input supply/services/credit

Processing/marketing

Linkages

Thank you

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