valeri silogava

znakvis ucnobi warwerebi (XI s.)

znakva qvemo raWis, ambrolauris raionis sofelia1. igi ara marto raWis, aramedmTeli saqarTvelos erT-erTi Zveli istoriuli adgilia. znakva ramdenimegzisaamoxseniebuli iseT Zvel qarTul dokumentur werilobiT ZeglSi, rogoricaa XI s-issabuTi _ `dawerili nikorwmindis monastris winamZRvrisa~: `worbelman Semoswiraznakuas glexi b da miwani. da misTÂs aRapi gardaiÃdebodis juaris gamoCinebasa~, _wers znakvis pirveli dasaxelebisas sabuTSi nikorwmindis winamZRvari2; cota qvemoT,sabuTis im TavSi, romelsac hqvia _ `romel me miyidian glexni da miwani da maTTÂsgamicemia eklesiisagan ganZad da pirutyvad~, winamZRvari detalurad CamoTvlisznakvasTan dakavSirebul uZrav qonebas, masSi gadaxdil sxvadasxva saxis safasursda aRniSnavs Semdegs:

`znakuas Sevqmen sasawnaxelo qviTkiri a, da Sigan yurZnisa sawnexi b, da SeSisasawnaxeli a, [qviT]kirisa boseli a, da zed xerxuli boseli a, qviTkiri farexi a, dazeda qoreTi saxli a, da davhfal maransa Sina Wuri g.

da munve, znakuas, erisTavTa erisTavman miqel, worbelisagan da vaxtangisaganiyida miwa¡ tyiani da maT uboZa fasad jaWÂ b, da igi miwa¡ wmida nikolaozsSemoswira.

da munve, znakuas viyide agarasTan abulaTaÁs Zisagan venaÃi a, da yanaÁ a. misTÂsmivec cxeni kargi a. da mowameni arian kacni.

da munve, znakuas, vaxtangis glexisagan viyide yanaÁ a. da mivec xuarbali grivig. da mowameni arian kacni.

munve, znakuas, kepoÁs Zisagan viyide yanaÁ a. da mivec fari erTi,rkina¡ litra¡ rva¡ da qalamani b. da mowameni arian kacni.

da munve, znakuas, vaxtangis glexsa mivec saxli a. da misgan aviReT yana¡ a. damowameni arian kacni.

glexsa Cuensa cxeni mohpares munve, znakuas, da sazRavad aviReT miwa¡ nakveTi b.da mowameni arian kacni.

aqSemoisZisagan viyideT munve, znakuas, jurisas CamomarTebiT, yanaÁ a, da misTÂsmivec fasi sruli~3.

kidev erTxelaa sabuTSi znakÂsTavi naxsenebi da aRniSnulia, rom `znakÂs Tavsa¢dilianman Semoswira miwaÁ sanaxevroÁ. mowame arian kacni~4.

maSasadame, gamodis, rom znakva sabuTSi dasaxelebulia aTjer _ esaa erTi daigive geografiuli saxelis yvelaze metjer dasaxeleba toponimebiT erTob mdidaram werilobiT ZeglSi da amas Tavisi mizezi aqvs, razedac cota qvemoT SevCerdebi.

am SesaniSnavi sabuTis es da sxva monacemebi araerTxel yofila ganxiluli daSeswavlili Cvens istoriografiaSi5 da, cxadia, maT aq ar Sevexebi. magramzemoTmoyvanili vrceli amonaweridan yuradRebas iqcevs, Cvens sakiTxTandakavSirebuli ori garemoeba:

1 saqarTvelos ssr administraciul-teritoriuli dayofa 1987 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT,Tb., 1987, gv. 10.

2 qisk, I, gv. 39: 9-10.

3 iqve, gv. 40: 20-38.4 iqve, gv. 41: 24-25.5 T. Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, wigni II, tf.,1897, gv. 43-49; i. javaxiSvili, saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoria, wigni pirveli, misi,Txzulebani, t. IV, Tb., 1996, gv. 121-122; wigni meore, misi Txzulebani, t. V, Tb., 1986, gv. 108,638, 639, 651; m. berZniSvili, nikorwmindis `dawerili~, mski, nakv. 34, Tb., 1962, gv. 25-42; il.anTelava, nikorwmindis `dawerilis~ daTariRebisaTvis, misi, saqarTvelos saistorio-wya-roTmcodneobiTi Ziebani, Tb., 2002, gv. 382-387.

1) yoveli Sewiruleba eklesiisa Tu monastrisadmi, miT umetes, uZravi qonebisa(miwa, yana, tye, venaxi...), rogorc wesi, werilobiT formdeboda. rogorc Cans, amkonkretul SemTxvevaSi amas yovelTvis ar hqonda adgili. SedarebiT mcireSewirulebis Sesaxeb zepiri codna arsebobda, romelic Taobidan Taobasgadaecemoda da cnobili iyo pirTa im wrisaTvis, romelsac es unda scodnoda daromelic pasuxismgebeli da garanti iyo am Sewirulebis iuridiul mxareze. rogorcCans, swored amas aRniSnavs yoveli konkretuli Sewirulebis bolos warmodgeniliformula _ `da mowame arian kacni~.

2) sam SemTxvevaSi znakvasTan mimarTebaSi dasaxelebulia konkretulimikrotoponimi: `znakuas agarasTana~, `znakuas juarisas~ da `znakÂs Tavsa~. amaTgan,znakvis agaris mdebareoba daadgina q-ma m. berZniSvilma _ es unda iyos naagarevi,romelic amJamad sofel znakvas ekuTvnis, xolo gvianfeodalur xanaSi calkesofeli iyo6. es Tvalsazrisi gaziarebulia istoriografiaSi7.

rac Seexeba znakvas jvarisas, igi specialur literaturasa da samecnierowreebSi, gansakuTrebiT xelovnebaTmcodneTa Soris, farTod cnobilia imstavroTekis gamo, romelsac gasuli saukunis 20-ian wlebSi mis eklesiaSi miakvliag. boWoriZem, manve gamosca pirvelma (orgzis)8 da Caabara quTaisis saxelmwifoistoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi, sadac amJamadac inaxeba (# 3089)9. esaa 10×19 smzomis vercxliT SeWedili xis kolofi, romelSic moTavsebulia jvari 6×16 smzomisa. kolofi ixureba vercxlis saxuraviT, romlis zeda nawilSi warmodgeniliawm. grigol sakvirvelTmoqmedi pirdapir da mTeli taniT, xolo mis qvemoT _ rvastriqonad Sesrulebuli reliefuri asomTavruli warwera: `wmidao grigol sak-rvelTmoqmedo, Senda Sevedrebuli mÃevali Seni sahakduxt daÁcev yovlisaganborotisa~. es erT-erTi uZvelesi Cvenamde moRweuli siwmidea 886 w-is zarzmisferiscvalebis xatTan10 erTad.

jvarisas stavroTekas sxvadasxva droiT aTariReben: V s-iT _ g. boWoriZe, p.ingoroyva, S. amiranaSvili11. g. boWoriZis cnobiT, i. javaxiSvili da s. janaSiawarweraSi moxsenebul `mÃeval sahakduxts~ vaxtang gorgaslis dedad miiCnevdnen12. Xs-iT aTariRebs Zegls g. CubinaSvili13. warweris paleografias Seexo g. wereTeli,romelsac am ZeglTan dakavSirebiT konkretuli TariRi ar warmoudgenia, magram aR-niSna, rom `paleografiuli niSnebis safuZvelze Zeglis TariRi aqeT undagadmoiwios (Tumca, arc ise gvian, rogorc amas g. CubinaSvili fiqrobs)~14. mec mqondaSemTxveva warwera paleografiuli niSnebis mixedviT dameTariRebina. vfiqrob, amniSnebis mixedviT warwera VII-VIII s-isa. am niSnebis detaluri ganxilvis adgili aqar aris, amitom aRvniSnav mxolod qveda da zeda paleografiuli maCveneblebisSesaxeb _ Â-s muclis maryuJis gaxsna samive SemTxvevaSi. es movlena pirvelad

6 m. berZniSvili, nikorwmindis `dawerili~, gv. 33-38.7 T. beraZe, raWa feodalur xanaSi (istoriul-geografiuli mimoxilva), sigk, V, Tb., 1975, gv.137.

8 g. boWoriZe, jvarisas Zegli, sa, III, tf., 1927, gv. 206-208, sur. I-III; statiis inglisuriTargmani _ georgika, I, 2/3, ondon, 1936, t. 50-52; misive, raWis istoriuli Zeglebi, smm, I, tf.,1928, gv. 173-179.

9 m. nikoleiSvili, quTaisis muzeumis epigrafikuli Zeglebi, qsmS, krebuli XIII, quTaisi, 2001,gv. 11-12, foto 1.

10 Г. Н. Чубинашвили, Грузинское чеканное искусство, Текст, Тб., 1959, с. 27-42; Иллюстрации, Тб., 1959 1-4а; T.sayvareliZe, g. alibegaSvili, qarTuli Weduri da ferweruli xatebi, Tb., 1980, tab. 1.

11g. boWoriZe, jvarisas Zegli, gv. 108; Ш. Я Амиранашвили, История грузинского искусства, М., 1963, с.131.

12g. boWoriZe, jvarisas Zegli, gv. 207-208.13Г. Н. Чубинашвили, Грузинское чеканное искусство, с. 421-422; amis mixedviT, aseve X s-iT aTariRebsznakvis stavroTekis warweras m. nikoleiSvili (ix. misi, quTaisis muzeumis epigrafikuliZeglebi, gv. 11).

14g. wereTeli, uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi palestinidan, Tb., 1960, gv. 41.

mcxeTis jvrisa da wyisis warwerebSi gvxvdeba epizodurad; xolo isini, Sesabamisad,595/605 da 616-119 ww. TariRdebian15. zeda zRvari _ VIII saukunea, radgan IX s-idanxuTeuls (e,v,g,l,h) damatebiTi ganivi xazebi uCndeba16, rasac aq adgili ara aqvs.garda amisa, IX saukunidanve Semodis nusxuri moxazulobis `lasi~ asomTavrulwarwerebSi17, rac aq mxolod Canasaxis formiTaa warmodgenili. erTi sityviT, znakviserT-erT uban jvarisasTan dakavSirebulia erT-erTi uZvelesi qarTuli siwminde _ Ze-li cxorebisa, anu wm. jvris sanawile, romelmac misca, ueWvelia, saxeli, rogorcmTlianad am ubans, ise im eklesias, romelic iq dgas da romelSic es jvariinaxeboda18.

garda nikorwmindis winamZRvris dawerilSi aRniSnuli da zemoT dasaxelebuliznakvis sami ubnisa, 1925-1926 ww. raWaSi siZveleTa aRricxvisa da Seswavlis mizniTmogzaurobisas, g. boWoriZem znakvis kidev ori ubani _ saSindia da motyiaridaafiqsira da maTi siZveleebi _ xatebi da xatebis fragmentebi da erTi xelnaweriaRwera19.

amrigad, irkveva, rom istoriuli znakva sakmaod vrcel dasaxlebul teritoriasmoicavda da igi Semdegi ubnebisgan Sedgeboda: agara, juarisa, znakvisTavi, saSindia,motyiari da araa kidev gamoricxuli sxvac, romelTa saxelebma Cvenamde ver moaRwia.am ubnebidanac, zogma saxeli Seicvala (agara< naagarevi), zogi Tanamedrove znakvasSeerwya (saSindia, motyiari), xolo zogic calke saxelad Camoyalibda (jvarisa).TiToeul am ubans Tavisi samlocvelo-eklesia gaaCnda, zogierTs araerTi,romlebmac Cvens dromdec moaRwies _ Tavdapirveli an Secvlili da gadakeTebulisaxiT. erT-erTi maTgania znakvis motyiaris wm. giorgis eklesia, romelSic 2003 wliszafxulSi Catarebuli sarestavracio-aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis dros aRmoCnda qvazeamokveTili ori SesaniSnavi warwera _ Cveni amJamindeli Seswavlis obieqtebi.

pirvelad motyiaris eklesiis siZveleebi aRwera g. boWoriZem 1925-26 wlebSiraWaSi mogzaurobis dros, magram es masala gvian _ 1994 wels gamoqveynda20. manamde,rogorc cnobilia, orgzis _ 1919 da 1920 wlebSi raWaSi imogzaura e. TayaiSvilma21,magram znakvis siZveleebi, da maT Soris motyiarisa, mas aRwerili ara aqvs.

g. boWoriZes motyiaris eklesiaSi oriode siZvele daxvedria _ vercxlze naWediwm. giorgis xati, sakmaod mozrdili (39X23 sm), isic ficridan aglejili _ aSiebisgareSe. aq wm. giorgi warmodgenili yofila fexze mdgomared. xats g. boWoriZe XII-XIV ss. aTariRebs. aqve mas upovia `romeliRac xatidan ayrili dabali (xarisxis)vercxlis aSiebi~ _ `sul xuTi naWeri~ da kidev `sxva romeliRac xatidan darCeniliaSia, 1 cali~. es masala mas quTaisis muzeumisTvis Caubarebia (#1891, 1892)22.

Cvens dReebamde motyiarSi idga XIX s-is eklesia, romelic yvela niSnismixedviT Zvel naeklesiarze iyo aSenebuli, aseve, adgil-adgil Zveli eklesiis qvebisgamoyenebiT. 2003 wlis ivnisSi arqiteqtor-restavratoris b-n murad andriaZisxelmZRvanelobiT XIX s-is eklesia daSlil iqna, calke gadairCa Zveli qvebi da imave

15qwk, I, # 32, 70.16iqve, gv. 32.17iqve, gv. 33.18vfiqrob, sakuTriv toponim `znakvis~ etimologia SeiZleba daukavSirdes raWaSigavrcelebul marcvleulis mosakref xelsawyos `Snakvis~ saxelwodebas. i. javaxiSvilisaRweriT, `Snakvi~ es 20-30 sm. sigrZe da kalmistaris sisxo ori erTmaneTTan moZravad erTTavSi gadabmuli joxia. es martivi xelsawyo Tavisufal TavebSi iSleba da TavTavebiSeikvreba joxis gaswvriv xelis moWeriT, Semdeg odnav gverdze gadaweviT TavTavi tydebaZirSi~ (i. javaxiSvili, Txz., t. IV, gv. 365). misive aRniSvniT, `aseTi xis xelsawyo, exlac kiaraWaSi daculi da axlac zanduris jiSis mosavlis mosakrebad ixmareba... am wesis siZvelesTviT xelsawyos primitiuloba... sakmao sicxadiT amJRavnebs~ (misive, Txz., t. V, gv. 92).

19g. boWoriZe, raWa-leCxumis istoriuli Zeglebi da siZveleebi, Tb., 1994, gv. 79-80.20iqve, gv. 80.21e. TayaiSvili, arqeologiuri mogzauroba raWaSi 1919 da 1920 ww., Tb., 1963.22g. boWoriZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 80.

wlis agvistoSi am qvebisa da axali samSeneblo masalis gamoyenebiT, Zveli eklesiisadgilze agebul iqna axali darbazuli eklesia dasavleTis karibWiT.

XIX s-Si amoyvanili kedlebis daSlis dros aRmoCnda e. w. xurdad gamoyenebuliqvis ori mozrdili naWeri, romlebic sxvadasxva adgilas Casmuli iyo axali kedlisperangebs Soris da, amdenad, isini garedan ar ixilveboda. erT-erT qvaze (misi zomaa:92×46 sm) warmodgenilia wm. giorgis reliefuri gamosaxuleba da misgan marjvnivwarweris fragmenti. meore qvaze, romelic zeda marcxena kuTxeSi CaWrilia, aseveamokveTili iyo samstriqoniani warwera, oRond srulad Semonaxuli (am qvis zomebia:48-50×25 sm). pirveli qva, rogorc Cans, savsebiT sworad, miCneul iqna arqitravisnawilad da igi Caisva eklesiis dasavleTis karibWis Sesasvlelis zemoT (sur. 1, 2),xolo meore warweriani qva Caisva eklesiis samxreT kedelSi _ iq, romlis ZirSic isiqna napovni. orive qvis fotoebi, warwerebis Seswavlisa da Semdgomi gamocemismizniT, Tavazianad gadmomca b-ma murad andriaZem, risTvisac gulwrfel madlobasmovaxseneb. manve gadmomca eklesiis aRdgenili karibWis Sesasvlelis foto,zogierTi teqnikuri cnoba warweriani qvebis Sesaxeb da Cemi konsultaciiT daamzadawarwerebis paleografiuli aslebi.

pirveli, arqitravis qvidan da misi warweridan SemorCenilia marcxena nawili damarjvena nawilis ori mcire natexi, romlebic calke iqna aRmoCenili. SemorCenilnawilze (sur. 3), arqitravis centrSi warmodgenilia wm. giorgi, mTeli taniT,pirdapir, marjvena xelSi grZeli, msxviltariani SubiT, romelic tanis gaswvriv,odnav daxriTaa aRmarTuli, xolo marcxena xeliT momcro zomis e. w. romauli fariuWiravs, romlis zedapiri kidis gaswvriv dayolebuli msxvili grexili ornamentisada centrSi moTavsebuli ori koncentruli wrisa da wertilebis meSveobiTmxatvruladaa damuSavebuli. wm. giorgis gamosaxuleba TiTqmis dauzianeblad,Tavdapirveli saxiTaa Semonaxuli _ momtvreulia mxolod niSis nawili marjvenamxares da, rogorc Cans, zurgs ukan afrialebuli mosasxami, Tu igi imaze met zomazeiyo gamosaxuli, vidre dResaa darCenili. wm. giorgis acvia grZeli kaba, romelicwelis odnav qvemoT ganieri sartyliTaa SemoWerili da amis gamo tanis zeda nawiliufro wagrZelebulia. kaba gadaxsnilia gulispirTan, xolo win mTel sigrZeze,orive nawilis SeerTebis adgilas, orive kideze, SuaSi wertildasmuli wreebis rigidauyveba. wels qvemoT kaba gofrirebulia, pliseebis ganier naWrebadaa dakecil-dayofili, xolo wels zemoT da mklavebze xuT rigad dawyobili javSnis saxiTaagadmocemuli. gamosaxulebis fexebi mimarTulia sxvadasxva mxares. wm. giorgis acviamokle, wawvetebuli Ceqmebi, romlis yeli gverdze Caxsnilia. xelebi dafaruli aqvsviwrod morgebuli javSniT, romelic majebTan mWidrod ikvreba. SemorCeniliamosasxamis nawili, romelic kisris marcxniv ganaskvulia, xolo yelTan tablioniTikvreba. wm. giorgis saxe uwveroa, magram ulvaSebi gadmocemulia ori viwro zolissaxiT. mTlianad saxe axalgazrda da Wabukuria, xolo Tavi dafaruli aqvs xSiri,magram kisris doneze mokled SeWrili TmebiT. Tavis ukan gamosaxulia ganieri nimbi,romlis marjvena nawili, rogorc aRiniSna, motexilia. saerTod, gamosaxulebisyoveli detali guldasmiTaa damuSavebuli da mTlianad gamosaxulebas SesrulebismaRali xarisxi axasiaTebs.

fexze mdgomare wm. giorgis gamosaxuleba qarTul sinamdvileSi mravladmoipoveba, gansakuTrebiT Weduri xelovnebis Zeglebs Soris23. SedarebiT iSviaTiaqvaze Sesrulebul reliefSi, Tumca, vfiqrob, erTi analogi motyiaris wm. giorgisam reliefur gamosaxulebas mainc moepoveba. esaa wm. giorgis marmarilos xati

23davasaxeleb umTavres, adrindeli xanis (XIs.) nimuSebs: erisTavTa erisTavis vardan vardanisZis Sewiruli jumaTis wm. giorgis xati, laSTxveris, xidisTavis da sujunis wm. giorgisxatebi (Г. Н. Чубинашвили, Грузинское чеканное искусство, Иллюстрации, Тб., 1959, таб. 151-153, џ156); wm.giorgis xati uSgulis (zemo svaneTi) sofel CaJaSidan (r. yenia, v. silogava, uSguli, Tb.,1986, tab. 39, 42, feradi tab.-14) da sxv.

vanidan, romelic gamoaqveynes e. TayaiSvilma (orjer)24, r. Smerlingma25, xolo misiktitoruli warwera RoRaÁsZeebisa _ erisTavTa erisTavis zviadisa da, rogorc Cans,misis Zmis giorgisa, a. SaniZem26. misi teqsti aseTia: `wmidao giorgi mTavromowameo,guioxe winaSe RmrTisa RoRaÁsZeTa _ erisTavTa erisTavsa zÂadsa da uRirssagiorgis~. ratomRac, `mTavromowameos~ ak. SaniZe `mTavarmowameod~ ar asworebs, maSin,rodesac aq aSkarad Secdomaa, rac damaxasiaTebeli Cans warwerisSemsruleblisaTvis _ amave teqstSi nacvlad oRrsa `oRrsa~, e. i. `uRirssa~,amokveTilia oRZsa `oRZsa~, e. i. asomTavruli Z Z, nacvlad r raesi.

vanis marmarilos qva-xatzec wm. giorgi aseve warmodgenilia frontalurad,SubiT (marjvena) da romauli fariT (marcxena) xelSi (sur. 4). igi sxva niSnebiTacemsgavseba motyiaris wm. giorgis reliefur gamosaxulebas, razedac aq verSevCerdebi. vanis qva-xats r. Smerlingi XI s.-iT aTariRebs, xolo ak. SaniZe,warweraSi dafiqsirebul erT orTografiul movlenas _ `onis daweras unisnacvlad~, XI-XIII ss. farglebSi aTavsebs. amrigad, vanis marmarilos qva-xati wm.giorgisa, qronologiuradac axlos dgas motyiaris reliefTan.

aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom wm. giorgis tansacmlis morTulobis elementebi_ wre SuaSi Casmuli wertiliT, mravlad gvxvdeba X-XI ss. reliefur ZeglebSi. maTgandavasaxeleb joisubnis reliefebs, romlebic X s-iT TariRdebian da sadac es ele-menti uxvadaa warmodgenili27. aseTive elementebiTaa morTuli gabrielmTavarangelozis tansacmeli IX-X ss. daTariRebul sxieris kankelis reliefze28 dasxv.

filis Tavisufal nawilze, wm. giorgis garSemo, amokveTilia ori warwera _pirveli erT da meore _ marcxniv sam da marjvniv oTx striqonad. warwerebikidurwaisrulia. pirveli warwera ganmartebiTia, misi mxolod marcxena nawiliaSemonaxuli, xolo marjvena nawilis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi igi ase ikiTxeba: w˜Á || [g˜i]`w(mida)Á || [g(iorg)i]~.

meore, mTavari warwera (sur. 3), amokveTilia wm. giorgis gamosaxulebis orivemxares da, rogorc Cans, igi filis mTel Tavisufal zedapirs avsebda. warwerismarcxena nawili moRweulia srulad. aq ikiTxeba:

w˜o g˜i w(mida)o g(iorg)i [. . . ]wy˜le c˜d wy(a)le c(o)d [. . . ]i˜e lozii(ovan)e lozi [. . . ]aqedan aSkaraa, rom teqstis yoveli striqoni wm. giorgis gamosaxulebis

marjvniv gadadioda. marjvena mxares, me-3 striqonis gaswvriv, wm. giorgis farisagandacilebiT, filaze SerCenilia m-ani. b-n murad andriaZis cnobiT, eklesiis daSlisSedegad mopovebul qvis natexebSi, aRmoCnda erTi fragmenti, romelzedac asoebi iyoamokveTili da romelic ise moergo mTavar filas marjvnidan, rom aq amokveTili ma-nis qvemoT moTavsda. am qvis natexze amokveTilia sami aso _ mis (mis). am fragmentmaisic gaarkvia, rom, radgan igi mesame striqonis gaswvriv amokveTili manis qvemoTmoTavsda, e. i. am mxares warwera oTx striqonad iyo ganlagebuli. moRweulfragmentebze dakvirvebiT gairkva, rom teqstis marjvena nakluli nawili, gardaerTi SemTxvevisa, yovel striqonSi marcxniv gadadioda, anu moRweul nawilSi dawye-

24e. TayaiSvili, arxeologiuri mogzaurobani da SeniSvnani, I, tf., 1908. gv. 8; Е. С. Такайшвили,Церковь в Ване, в Имерети, и ее древности, ИКИАИ, том II, 1917-1925, Ленинград, 1927, с. џ88-89, таб. XIII.

25r. Smerlingi, marmarilos qandakeba sof. vanidan, smam, t. XVII, #2, Tb., 1956, gv. 187-188.26a. SaniZe, vanis marmarilos qandakebis warweris wakiTxva-gagebisaTvis, smam, t. XVIII, # 9, Tb.,1956, gv. 857-859; qwk, II, gv. 158-159, #185; m. nikoleiSvili, quTaisis muzeumis epigrafikuliZeglebi, gv. 14-15, @4a; bolo publikaciaSi, ratomRac, gaTvaliswinebuli araa warweris ak.SaniZisa da qwk-s gamocemebi da teqsti arasworadaa wakiTxul-gaSifruli.

27n. aladaSvili, joisubnis reliefebi, sabWoTa xelovneba, 7, 1978, gv. 68-76; qwk, II, sur. 22, 26.28qwk, II, sur. 7, 8.

buli trafaretuli formulebis sityvebis gagrZelebebs Seicavda. amisgaTvaliswinebiT, warweris mTliani teqsti aRdga Semdegi saxiT:

w˜o g˜i [Sei]wy˜le c˜d[vili]i˜e lozim[e da S(vil)ni]mis[ni, a˜n].

w(mida)o g(iorg)i, |[Sei]wy(a)le c(o)d[vili]|i(ovan)e lozim[e da S(vil)ni] | mis[ni,a(me)n].

is erTi aratrafaretuli sityva, romelic zemoT vaxsene da romelic marcxenanaxevridan marjvniv gadadis, aris anTroponim iovanes Semdeg amokveTili lozi,romlis gagrZelebis mania darCenili marjvena nawilis me-3 striqonis dasawyisSi; e.i. aq ikiTxeba `lozim~. am sityvis dasasruli, misi SemorCenili nawilis zomisa dafilaze marjvniv darCenil nawilze moTavsebuli formulis [`Svilni | misni~] da-sawyisi sityvis gaTvaliswinebiT, albaT, erTi an ori asosagan Sedgeboda. faqtiaisic, rom es aso, rogorc qarTuli sityvis dasasruli, xmovani unda iyos. vfiqrob,am adgilas sxvaze meti upiratesoba e-s aRdgenas unda mieces da sityva undawavikiTxoT, rogorc `lozim[e].~ ras niSnavs es lozime, igi iovanes meore saxelia,metsaxelia Tu epiTetia, gaugebaria. vfiqrob, aq iovane-zosimes msgavs analogiasTanunda gvqondes saqme. gansxvaveba imaSia, rom anTroponomi `lozime~ ucnobia dasxvagan ar gvxvdeba29.

warweris paraduli xasiaTi, misi moTavseba eklesiis TvalsaCino adgilas,eklesiis mfarveli wmindanis gamosaxulebis garSemo, gvafiqrebinebs, rom es iovane-lozime eklesiis ktitoria. samwuxarod, igi sxva wyaroebiT ucnobia.

marTalia, warweras TariRi ar uzis, magram misi daTariReba paleografiuliniSnebiT iolia, _ rogorc zemoTac aRiniSna, misi damwerloba kidurwaisrulia,Tanac igi am damwerlobiT Sesrulebuli werilobiTi Zeglis klasikuri nimuSia. amismixedviT, warwera XI saukunes ganekuTvneba.

radgan warweris paleografiuli TariRi damwerlobis xasiaTis mixedviTTavisTavad garkveulia, calkeul grafemaTa paleografiul aRwera-daxasiaTebas daTariRiani paraleluri masalis moyvanas ar Sevudgebi, oRond, aRvniSnav warweraSidadasturebuli kidurwaisrulobis erTi Taviseburebis Sesaxeb. kidurwaisrulidamwerlobiT Sesrulebuli werilobiTi Zeglebis daxasiaTebisas me mqonda SemTxvevaaRmeniSna, rom isini or kategoriad iyofa _ warwerebi, romelTa grafemebs waisrulikideebis wvetebi tanis SigniT aqvs mimarTuli da warwerebi, romelTa grafemebSi eswvetebi asos tanis gareTaa mimarTuli30. rogorc erTi, ise meore kategoriis ZeglebisaqarTvelos mTel teritoriazea gavrcelebuli _ rogorc aRmosavleTSi, isedasavleTSi da axla ukve SegviZlia vTqvaT, radgan bolo xanebSi maTi SeswavlissaSualebac mogveca, aseve _ samxreTSic. ufro meti, zogierT werilobiT ZeglSiorive kategoriis grafemebi SeiZleba erTdroulad dadasturdes. znakvis motyiariswm. giorgis eklesiis am warweraSi aseT aRrevas adgili ara aqvs da aq yoveli

29toponimi `lozi~||`lozni~, rogorc soflis saxeli, dasturdeba iSxnis taZris (istoriulklarjeTSi, amJamad TurqeTSi) 1155 wlis erT warwera-sabuTSi _ igi xelaxla Seuwiravsdemetre I (1125-1156) iSxnis taZrisTvis (e. TayaiSvili, 1917 wlis arqeologiuri eqspediciasamxreT saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1960, gv. 26-27; v. silogava, tao-klarjeTi (kaTedrebi, monastrebi,siwmindeebi), iSxnis eparqia, wgn.: `naTeli qristesi saqarTvelo~, wigni I, Tb., 2003, gv. 278).veWvob, rom mas raime kavSiri hqondes znakvis am warwerasTan, Tu am naklul nawilSi`iovane lozim[eli]~ ar ewera.

30v. silogava, dasavleT saqarTvelos X-XVIII ss. qarTuli lapidaruli warwerebi, rogorcsaistorio wyaro, sakandidato-sadisertacio naSromi, Tb., 1972, gv. 60-83 (manqanazegadabeWdili teqsti).

grafemis kiduris waisruloba mkacradaa erTian wess daqvemdebarebuli _ wvetebiyovelTvis asos tanis SigniTaa mimarTuli, rac damaxasiaTebelia, ZiriTadad, dasav-lur-qarTuli werilobiTi ZeglebisaTvis, romelTac ganekuTvneba es warwerac.

aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi faqti. warweraSi qaragmis niSani, moRweuli teqstissamive SemTxvevaSi, ganivi klaknili xazis saxiTaa gadmocemuli. qaragmis ganiviklaknili xazebi ufro ganviTarebuli da gviani Sua saukuneebis werilobiTiZeglebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. magram am warweraSi es ganivi xazebi kidurwaisrulia,zemoT da qvemoT mimarTuli boloebiT, da rac mTavaria, maT zusti analogi moepovebaTsamTavisis taZris, gansakuTrebiT misi aRmosavleT fasadis 1032 wlis sazeimo, paraduliwarwerebis klaknili da kidurwaisruli qaragmis niSnebis saxiT31.

znakvis motyiaris eklesiis meore warwera amokveTilia qvis sada filaze (sur.5), romelic, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, amJamad eklesiis samxreT fasadSia Casmuli.warwera asomTavrulia, Sesrulebulia sam striqonad; misi teqsti, miuxedavaddasawyisSi mcired dazianebisa qvis zedapiris atkecvis gamo, Tavisuflad ikiTxebada igi aseTia:

q w˜o g˜i, S˜e v˜Saym˜Á kalat˜zi, amis eklesi˜sa moqm˜di. q w(mida)o g(iorg)i, S(eiwyal)e v(a)Sa|ym(a)¡ kalat(o)zi, | amis eklesi(i)sa moqm(e)di.

warweris damwerloba kidurwaisrulia, magram nawilobriv da mxolod pirvelistriqonis farglebSi. pirvel warwerasTan SedarebiT, grafemebi ramdenadme uSnoa daulazaTo, gansakuTrebiT mesame striqonis dasawyisSi. aq asoebi nacvlad orxazova-nisa, rogorc pirvel striqonSia, oTxxazovan badeSia ganlagebuli. ufro meti, lasi,nacvlad asomTavrulisa, rogorc es meore striqonSia, aq nusxuri moxazulobisaa.araerTgvarovania qaragmis niSnebic _ pirvel striqonSi, Tu isini kidurwaisrulia,meore da mesame striqonebSi martivi ganivi xazis saxiTaa gadmocemuli. uTuodyuradRebas iqcevs isic, rom pirveli striqonis erTnairad kidurwaisruli qaragmisniSnebic sxvadasxva moxazulobisaa _ pirvel SemTxvevaSi igi gadmocemulia sworixazis saxiT, romlis kidurebze isrebi wvetebiT gareTaa mimarTuli, xolo meoreSemTxvevaSi ganivi klaknili xazia, romlis boloebSi dasmuli isris wverebisxvadasxva mxares, zemoT da qvemoTkenaa mimarTuli.

amrigad, aSkaraa, rom warwerebi sxvadasxva xelosnis mieraa Sesrulebuli.vfiqrob, pirveli warwera, Tavisi daxvewili grafikiT, moxdenili da lamaziasoebiT, wm. giorgis reliefuri gamosaxulebis Semqmneli ostatis namuSevaria, xolomeore warwera _ masSi dasaxelebuli vaSayma kalatozis avtografia. marTalia, isinisxvadasxva piris mieraa Sesrulebuli, magram maTi Tanadrouloba eWvs ar iwvevs.paleografiuli niSnebis mixedviT, rogorc es, ise pirveli warwera XI s-esganekuTvneba.

vaSayma iSviaTi, naklebgavrcelebuli anTroponimia. al. Rlonti mas metsaxeladmiiCnevs da, savsebiT samarTlianad, dRes mxolod gvar vaSaymaZeSi SemorCeniladTvlis32. Tumca, garda znakvis am warwerisa, vaSayma, rogorc damoukidebeli, calkesaxeli dasavleT saqarTvelos kidev erT epigrafikul ZeglSi dasturdeba. esaa XI s-is warwera Terjolis r-nis s. Tuzis midamoebis kakabouris eklesiidan, romelic1967 wlidan Cxaris mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi inaxeba33. am xuTstriqoniani warweristeqstSi oTxi sxvadasxva piri ixsenieba, Tu wm. miqaels da wm. gabriels ar CavTvliT,da erTi maTganis saxelia vaSaymai _ `ganusueneT sulsa mamisa vaSaymaisasa~, naTqvamiamasSi erTgan. `mama vaSaymai~ aq niSnavs, rom igi sasuliero piria _ eklesiis moZRvari

31g. soxaSvili, samTavisi (masalebi taZris istoriisaTvis), redaqtori S. amiranaSvili, Tb.,1973, tab. 10, 51, 52; qx, 11, Tb., 2001, gv. 208-209.

32al. Rlonti, qarTveluri sakuTari saxelebi. anTroponimTa leqsikoni, Tb., 1986, gv. 122.33qwk, II, gv. 86-87, # 74.

an rigiTi mRvdeli. ar mgonia, igi am SemTxvevaSi monastris winamZRvars aRniSnavdes,radgan aseTi rame Tuzis axlo-maxlo ar Cans da, garda amisa, monastris winamZRvariase ordinalurad ar iqneboda moxsenebuli sxva pirebs _ ivais, vardansa da kidev meoreivais Soris.

vaSayma kalatozi warweraSi dasaxelebulia, rogorc `eklesiisa moqmedi~.termini `moqmedi~ Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikis kuTvnilebaa. z. sarjvelaZisganmartebiT, igi aRniSnavs muSas, xelosans34, xolo il. abulaZis ganmartebiT,`moqmedi qvisa¡~_ xuroTmoZRvaria, kalatozia35. vfiqrob, miuxedavad niuansurisxvaobisa, orive ganmarteba sworia, maTi gamoyenebis konkretuli SemTxveviskonteqstidan gamomdinare. Tumca, am terminis gamoyenebis areali, rogorc Cans,gacilebiT vrceli iyo da mxolod mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobisaRniSvniT ar Semoifargleboda. magaliTad, sayovelTaod cnobilia daviTkurapalatis jvris ostati asaTi, romelic jvris warweris teqstSi moxseniebulia,rogorc `moqmedi~36. maSasadame, es termini oqromWedlis mimarTac gamoiyeneboda.

34z. sarjvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis sityvis kona, Tb., 2001, gv. 146.35il. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni (masalebi), Tb., 1973, gv. 281.36Г. Н. Чубинашвили, Грузинское чеканное искусство, Текст, с.163.

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