Vakhsh River Basin (VRB), Tajikistan

Inom Sh. NormatovInom Sh. NormatovInstitute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology AS RT, 734002, Dushanbe, 12, Parvin Ecology AS RT, 734002, Dushanbe, 12, Parvin

street, street, e-mail: owp@tojikiston.come-mail: owp@tojikiston.com

Vakhsh River Basin is one of the main basins which Vakhsh River Basin is one of the main basins which

supports the life and livelihoods of several hundred supports the life and livelihoods of several hundred

thousands people in Tajikistan. From the beginning of thousands people in Tajikistan. From the beginning of

30s of the last century water resources development 30s of the last century water resources development

has been taking place in VRB. Since Vakhsh is a has been taking place in VRB. Since Vakhsh is a

transboundary river system- other downstream transboundary river system- other downstream

countries of the Central Asia also have strategic countries of the Central Asia also have strategic

interest on is water resources. interest on is water resources.

For example: Vakhsh have of all hydropower resources For example: Vakhsh have of all hydropower resources

of Amu Darya basin. Potential power resources of of Amu Darya basin. Potential power resources of

Vakhsh is about 28.6 mln.kWt, it can provide up to Vakhsh is about 28.6 mln.kWt, it can provide up to

250bln.kWt/hour of electric power per year.250bln.kWt/hour of electric power per year.

Present State-of -art methodologyPresent State-of -art methodology

Main issuesMain issuesa)a) Significant water losses together with ecological and economic Significant water losses together with ecological and economic

problems in VRB are connected with unsatisfactory condition of problems in VRB are connected with unsatisfactory condition of infrastructures, hydraulic structures such as irrigation canals infrastructures, hydraulic structures such as irrigation canals and drainage systems. Taking this account, it is necessary to and drainage systems. Taking this account, it is necessary to carry out restoration and maintenances of technical facilities carry out restoration and maintenances of technical facilities and improvement of water related structures and facilities. The and improvement of water related structures and facilities. The local irrigating systems worsened to the greater degree in local irrigating systems worsened to the greater degree in comparison with regional irrigating systems. The newly comparison with regional irrigating systems. The newly established organizations such as agricultural farms and water established organizations such as agricultural farms and water user associations are economically weak and do not have ability user associations are economically weak and do not have ability to operate and maintain irrigating systems properly. to operate and maintain irrigating systems properly.

Tajikistan can’t fully cover water resources expenses. This is due to an Tajikistan can’t fully cover water resources expenses. This is due to an inadequate tariff on water supply (0.15 cents per 1minadequate tariff on water supply (0.15 cents per 1m33, where as real , where as real price is 0.82 cents). Because of this 15-20% reductions in the price is 0.82 cents). Because of this 15-20% reductions in the irrigation network were observed, similarly the loss of pumping irrigation network were observed, similarly the loss of pumping system was about to 20-30%. The water losses and poor infrastructure system was about to 20-30%. The water losses and poor infrastructure have caused the increasing unreliable water supply system. Water have caused the increasing unreliable water supply system. Water supply system is not only affected by poor infrastructures but also supply system is not only affected by poor infrastructures but also because of poor management and governance. because of poor management and governance.

b)b) Ecology of the VRB is deteriorated in recent years. Drastic decline of Ecology of the VRB is deteriorated in recent years. Drastic decline of hydropower production and reduction of natural gas, coal and other hydropower production and reduction of natural gas, coal and other energy resources in 90s caused massive deforestations. From 1992 to energy resources in 90s caused massive deforestations. From 1992 to 2001, 100 thousand hectares of forest area have been destroyed. 2001, 100 thousand hectares of forest area have been destroyed. Desertification and soil erosion are everywhere in the upstream hilly Desertification and soil erosion are everywhere in the upstream hilly areas due to deforestation. areas due to deforestation.

c)c) There are more than 50 thousand registered land slides areas, 1200 of them There are more than 50 thousand registered land slides areas, 1200 of them pose a threat to settlements. humus losses are increasing. Annual soil wash out pose a threat to settlements. humus losses are increasing. Annual soil wash out is about 87 million tons, where as humus loss reaches 11-13 million tons each is about 87 million tons, where as humus loss reaches 11-13 million tons each year. The main environmental problems of VRB are: inadequate access to year. The main environmental problems of VRB are: inadequate access to potable water, land degradation (decrease in fertility) and degradation of potable water, land degradation (decrease in fertility) and degradation of ecosystem.ecosystem.

d)d)Water supply and sewage systems are very important to maintain live and Water supply and sewage systems are very important to maintain live and livelihood of the population and economy. The main sources of potable water in livelihood of the population and economy. The main sources of potable water in VRB are open water sources. About 75 % of water comes to systems from VRB are open water sources. About 75 % of water comes to systems from such sources. About half of VRB population doesn’t have access to the such sources. About half of VRB population doesn’t have access to the centralized water supply system and use River and irrigational canals as a of centralized water supply system and use River and irrigational canals as a of source drinking water. Approximately 90% of urban VRB population is source drinking water. Approximately 90% of urban VRB population is provided with water supply system, but in rural areas this figure does not provided with water supply system, but in rural areas this figure does not exceed to 45%. Because of rapid population growth uncontrolled urbanization exceed to 45%. Because of rapid population growth uncontrolled urbanization is everywhere. People even use agricultural lands for settlements. This is everywhere. People even use agricultural lands for settlements. This increases pressure on water resources. increases pressure on water resources.

e)e)The organizational structure of water resources management in Tajikistan is a The organizational structure of water resources management in Tajikistan is a very complex with multiple structures. Water resources planning, irrigation very complex with multiple structures. Water resources planning, irrigation management are under Ministry of Melioration and Water Resources. There are management are under Ministry of Melioration and Water Resources. There are some overlapping with the Ministry of Energy, which is responsible for some overlapping with the Ministry of Energy, which is responsible for hydropower generation in the country. There are several layers and multiple hydropower generation in the country. There are several layers and multiple departments with overlapping responsibility for water resources monitoring departments with overlapping responsibility for water resources monitoring (data collection and analysis etc..). Water resources in Tajikistan are regulated (data collection and analysis etc..). Water resources in Tajikistan are regulated by its constitution and several articles: Water Code, Land Code, Civil Code, and by its constitution and several articles: Water Code, Land Code, Civil Code, and existing law related to natural resources, local self-management and a number existing law related to natural resources, local self-management and a number of other government decrees. Responsibilities of the ministries and the of other government decrees. Responsibilities of the ministries and the departments involved in planning and water resources management show that departments involved in planning and water resources management show that many functions are overlapped. Strictly centralized authority and multiple many functions are overlapped. Strictly centralized authority and multiple departmental interests do not allow the effective use of available human and departmental interests do not allow the effective use of available human and institutional resources.institutional resources.

Baseline condition in the basin:Baseline condition in the basin:

The Vakhsh River Basin (VRB) is a large basin with The Vakhsh River Basin (VRB) is a large basin with territory (31200 kmterritory (31200 km22) located in the highest part of ) located in the highest part of Central Asia. The upper part of VRB is located on the Central Asia. The upper part of VRB is located on the northern part of Pamir within the Pamir- Alay’s ridges, northern part of Pamir within the Pamir- Alay’s ridges, the medium and lower parts of this catchments are the medium and lower parts of this catchments are located in semi-arid zone of the Southern Tajikistan. located in semi-arid zone of the Southern Tajikistan. Vakhsh valley is located in the southwest part of Vakhsh valley is located in the southwest part of Tajikistan at an altitude of 329-445 m above sea level. Tajikistan at an altitude of 329-445 m above sea level.

(a)(a) Geographical Characteristics: Geographical Characteristics:

Geographical longitude and latitude of Geographical longitude and latitude of Vakhsh River Basin:Vakhsh River Basin:

At a source of the river Vakhsh: At a source of the river Vakhsh:

• 3838оо4242II 10 10IIII northern latitude northern latitude

• 7070оо0404II 00 00IIII east longitude east longitude

At downstream Vakhsh river outlet: At downstream Vakhsh river outlet:

• 3737оо0202II 00 00II II northern latitudenorthern latitude

• 3838оо2020II 05 05IIII east longitude east longitude

. In the Vakhsh valley the monthly average air reaches . In the Vakhsh valley the monthly average air reaches 28,4 28,4 ооС -31,4С -31,4ооС, and annual average is 15,7 С, and annual average is 15,7 ооС -16,7С -16,7ооС.С.There are about 569 mountain lakes with the total area There are about 569 mountain lakes with the total area of 17,37 kmof 17,37 km22 in the VRB. They are located at the height in the VRB. They are located at the height of 2800-3500 m and basically represent small of 2800-3500 m and basically represent small reservoirs of some square meters up to 1kmreservoirs of some square meters up to 1km22. VRB is . VRB is characterized by rather high silt and sediment load characterized by rather high silt and sediment load (2900 t/km(2900 t/km22). Average value of turbidity of the Vakhsh ). Average value of turbidity of the Vakhsh river exceeds 4000 g/mriver exceeds 4000 g/m22 . High values of the sediment . High values of the sediment and silt load are explained by loose mineral rock in the and silt load are explained by loose mineral rock in the water courses and lack of vegetation cover in the VRB.water courses and lack of vegetation cover in the VRB.

The Vakhash is the main river of Republic of Tajikistan, The Vakhash is the main river of Republic of Tajikistan, merging with Pyanj river it forms Amu-Darya - the biggest merging with Pyanj river it forms Amu-Darya - the biggest river of the Central Asia. The Vakhsh is 691km long. The river of the Central Asia. The Vakhsh is 691km long. The Vakhash has a basin area of 39160 kmVakhash has a basin area of 39160 km22-almost is a quarter of -almost is a quarter of Tajikistan. The Vakhsh River has 6276 tributaries and 20 lakes Tajikistan. The Vakhsh River has 6276 tributaries and 20 lakes covering the total area of 4 kmcovering the total area of 4 km22. Glacier and snow are the . Glacier and snow are the main source of Vakhash. More than 40 % of its flow comes main source of Vakhash. More than 40 % of its flow comes during July to September from thawed glaciers. Thawing of during July to September from thawed glaciers. Thawing of seasonal snows, springs and rains constitute Vakhash flow. seasonal snows, springs and rains constitute Vakhash flow. The mean discharge at the head structure of the Vakhsh main The mean discharge at the head structure of the Vakhsh main canal is 2273 mcanal is 2273 m33 per second, the maximum discharge is about per second, the maximum discharge is about 4500 m4500 m33 per second, and the minimum discharge is 1420 m per second, and the minimum discharge is 1420 m33 per second. March to October flow constitutes about 87 % of per second. March to October flow constitutes about 87 % of annual flow. annual flow.

Table 17. Sub basin charactersistics of VRB rivers

River inflowLength, km

Basin area,

level difference

, m

km2 source

silk

Kizilsu Surkhob(r)* 254 8380 3800183

5

Muksu Surkhob (l)* 88 7070 2714183

5

Surkhob Vaksha (r) 146 7286 1835116

3

Koksu Surkhob (l) 11 1294 1823170

8

Yarkhich Surkhob (r) 48 1170 3309157

0

Yasman Surkhob (r) 30 208 3400156

8

Sarbog Surkhob (r) 81 1780 3580124

6

Sangikar Surkhob (r) 42 291 3400124

2

Obikhingoy Vakhsh(l) 196 6660 2960116

3

Obimazor Obikhingoy (l) 38 1030 3200216

8

Rangov Obikhingoy (r) 62 781 3210195

8

Syrkhsu Obikhingoy (l) 36 266 3800144

6

Note: *(r) - right (l) - left

(b)(b) Demographical features: Demographical features: The basic demographic characteristics and agricultural production in VRB The basic demographic characteristics and agricultural production in VRB are presented in tables 3-15.are presented in tables 3-15.

Table 3, region, population density, and rural urban population

Name of territories

Territo

ry, th. k

m2

Pop

ula

tion

per k

m2

% o

f urb

an

pop

ula

tion

% o

f rura

l pop

ula

tion

Men

, th. p

erso

n

Wom

en

, th. p

erso

n

Nu

mb

er o

f se

ttlem

en

ts

Kumsangir region

1.0 92 2.287.8

42.9 42 42

Kolkhozabad region

0.9154

13.3

86.7

63.4 62.8 85

Jilikul region 1.2 68 6.493.6

36.7 36.5 54

Vakhsh region 1.0136

11.3

88.7

63.1 62.5 88

Bokhtar region 0.6316

7.292.8

87.3 87 127

Khuroson region

0.9 87 7.093.0

36.1 35.6 67

Jomi region 0.6196

8.391.7

53.7 52.6 72

Sarband city 0.1 33035.8

64.2 14.4 14.9 12

Yavan region 1.0 15017.1

82.9 68.1 66.4 69

Nurek region 0.4 11147.0

53.0 35.7 36 28

Danghara region 2 5318,9

81,4 47,5 48,9 73

Kurgant Tube   107 100 - 29.9 30.6  

Roghun city 0.5 6150.5

49.5 14.4 13.6 28

Tavildara region 6.0 2   100.0

6.5 6.2 70

Nurabad region 0.9 66 2.0 98 27.7 26.7 94

Rasht region 4.6 1912.1

87.9 41.2 39.3 81

Tajikabad region 0.7 48 - 100 15.8 14.8 45

Jirgatol district 4.6 12   100 25.2 24.4 48

Total on basin 22.0

62.716.0

84.0662.

7651.

91010

Average per capita income

 

1998 y.

1999 y.

2000 y.2001

y.2002

y.Somon

iSomon

iSomon

iSomon

iSomon

i

Total7.25

100

11.3

100

16.9

100

24.3

100

29.7

100

labour income2.1

729.

63.1

832.

55.7

033.

79.9

240.

812.

943.

2pensions, prize, scholarship

0.1 1.40.1

71.5

0.20

1.2 0.3 1.2 0.5 1.7

compensation, charity

0.04

0.6 0.3 0.30.0

50.3

0.06

0.2 1.0 3.7

property income

0.01

0.10.0

10.1

0.10

0.10.0

10.1

0.02

0.1

income generated by property sale

0.6 0.80.0

20.2

0.04

0.20.0

90.4 0.1 0.3

other cash flow

1.93

26.6

1.13

9.62.4

314.

32.6

510.

92.5

78.7

Gross domestic product

  1998 y.

1999y.

2000y.

2001y.

2002y,  

GDP in acting prices mln. somoni

1025.2

1345.0

1806.7

2528.8

3365.5  

Temp of height in year %

105.3 103.

7 108.

3 110.

2 109.

5  

Per capita, somoni 169.6220.

5 292.

1 398.

7 522.

8  

In dollar of USA 139.5 144.

7 156.

7 172.

3 189.

0  

Structure of GDP production (%)  Production of goods 50.0 52.8 54.6 53.6 52.5  Service 42.4 39.9 37.1 37.3 37.6  Taxes 17.6 7.3 8.3 9.1 9.9  

Structure of GDP uses (%)  Charges of the

end use 90.9 81.1

79.0

85.2 81.6  

Gross accumulation

18.2 17.4 11.2 16.8 17.6

The clean export -9.1 1.5 9.8 -1.9 0.8 Production of GDP on filed of economy

GDP in acting prices, mln. somoni

1025.2

1345.0

1806.7

2528.8

3365.5

Production of goods

513.2 710.8 986.51354.

91767.6

Service 437.5 540.8 675.2 943.5 1265.1Subsidies 12 8.0 4.5 6.1 7.9

Gross domestic product [continued]

  1998 y.

1999 y.

2000 y.

2001y.

2002y.

Volume of industrial production (in prices 2002, th. somoni)

  1998 1999 2000 2001 20022002 in

% to 1998

Khatlon region 4348364322

274438

9851536

557469

4132.1

Kumsangir region

99791005

91020

010863 11119 111.4

Jilikul region - - - - - -

Vakhsh region 143551336

51828

318758 23353 162.6

Bokhtar region 200961869

2 11882

319068 23991 119.3

Khuroson region

113701157

59179 9656 11553 101.6

Sarband city 174361529

11998

514969 23517 134.8

Danghara region

3115 5473 6015 6141 7515 2,4

Nurek region 1141501228

261109

1211279

712215

0107.0

Kurgant Tube 10024 7718 6398 9220 19322 192.7

Total 2218552223

992257

4326320

529531

0133.1

DRD 6731358314

029887

0111083

6911826

85175.6

Volume of industrial production (in prices 2002, th. somoni) [continued]

  1998 1999 2000 2001 20022002 in

% to 1998

on DRD of VRB industrial production not carried outRoghun city - - - - - -Tavildara region

- - - - - -

Nurabad region

- - - - - -

Rasht region - - - - - -Tajikabad - - - - - -Jirgatol

district - - - - - -

Total6731

3583140

298870

1ГИ083

6911826

85175.6

Total on basin

894990

1053801

1214444

1371574

1477995

165.1

Production of grain (thous. tone)

  1998 1999 2000 2001 20022002 to1998 %

Khatlon region 277,8 276,9 330,7 249,7 377 135,7

Kumsangir region

12,8 8,7 16,2 15 12,8 100

Kolkhozabad region

16,2 14 15 17,5 31,3 193,2

Jilikul region 13,5 12,4 15 11,5 11,5 85,1

Vakhsh region 15,1 10,4 14,2 12,1 12,8 85,3

Bokhtar region 17,3 13 17,1 15,9 16,3 94,8

Khuroson region 16,1 14,8 17 9,7 10,7 66.4

Jomi region 10,9 10,3 14,8 11,2 16,6 152,2

Sarband region 2,8 1,4 3,2 3,8 1,9 68.5

Yavan region 13,3 18,9 14,5 13,7 19,1 143,9

Nurek region 1,9 1,8 3,6 2,2 0,6 31,5

Danghara region 21,6 23,2 28,6 11,6 40,2 186,1

Kurgant Tube - - - - - -

Total 119.9 105.7 130.6 112.6 133.6 111.4

Production of grain (thous. tone) [continued]

  1998 1999 2000 2001 20022002 to1998 %

DRD 78,4 85,2 97,9 96 136,9 174,6Roghun city

1,5 2,1 1,2 1,6 2,3 153,3

Tavildara region

0,6 0,8 0,7 0,5 1,2 2р

Nurabad region 3,9 3,5 1,9 2,6 2,7 69,2Rasht region 5 5,6 3,1 2,9 5,7 114Tajikabad

region 2,9 2,7 1,9 2,7 5,6 193,1

Jirgatol district 3,7 4,4 2,8 2,1 4,8 129,7Total 17,6 19,7 11,6 12,4 22,3 126,7Total on basin 137.5 125.4 142.2 124.6 155.9 113.3

Cotton production (thous.tone)

  1998 1999 2000 2001 20022002 in % to

1998

Khatlon region

217.7

174.4

178.0

255.1

305.8 140.4

Kumsangir region

18,5 13,4 10,2 12,9 18,9 102,1

Kolkhozabad region

17,2 14,5 14,9 23,6 23,7 137,7

Jilikul region 14,3 10,5 7,8 20 17,3 120,9

Vakhsh region 15,5 16,4 14,2 18,9 25 161,2

Bokhtar region 23,3 19,1 17,4 24,7 27,9 119,7

Khuroson region

7,6 5,1 2,8 5,8 9,2 121,9

Jomi region 13,2 9 6,7 11.7 12,1 91,6

Sarband city 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,9 116

Yavan region 23,2 16,2 21,2 28,2 33,9 146,1

Nurek region - -   - - -

Danghara region

3,6 2,7 2,5 3,9 4,5 125

Kurgant Tube - - -   - -

Total135,

3104,

797,7

148,3

160,9 118,9

DRD 37,3 26,4 36,5 52,3 54,8 146,9

TOTAL172.

6131.

1134.

2200.

6215.7 124.9

Irrigation in VRB

№ Name of regions of VRB

Area of regions,

ha

irrigated land,

ha

Mechanized

irrigation, ha

1 Dzhirgatalskyi 456147 7567 742 Tajikabad 74785 3971 - 3 Rasht 353704 6398 14964 Tavidara 478135 1444 - 5 Nurobad 82830 2620 8756 Ragunsikyi 63265 630 - 7 Nureksikyi 30773 574 2708 Yavansikyi 93185 26979 13411

9Khodzhamastonsi

kyi 90199 19036 1379

10 Sarbandsikyi 13986 2380  

Irrigation in VRB [continued]

№ Name of regions of VRB

Area of regions,

ha

irrigated land,

ha

Mechanized

irrigation, ha

11 Gozmaliksikyi 88499 10533 285112 Vakhshsikyi 168878 21507 203413 Kolkhozabadsikyi 133742 22972 1563714 Dzhilkulsikyi 104536 19744 1000115 Kumsangirsikyi 110845 22450 854216 Bakhtarsikyi 59766 26010 343817 faizabadsikyi     14018 Dangarinskyi     169119 Kabodianskiyi     711  Total on VRB 2404375 194815 62550

(c)(c) Land Forms and Land uses: Land Forms and Land uses:

Areas and percentages of principle land uses in the VRB

Land use type

Area (m2)

Percentage (%)

Irrigation land20230000

006.48

Pasture 88000000

0028.20

Resident24043750

00077.06

Reservoir62000000

01.99

Lake 17370000 0.06

Glaciers31500000

0010.10

Mountains18720000

00060

Forests31200000

01.0

Average glacier contribution to Vakhsh river and its tributaries (1990s)

River Area , km2

Area of glaciations, km2

Degree of

glaciation, %

Annual average

flow, mln. m3

Glacier contribution,

Volumemln. m3

1 3 4 5 6 7

Muksu 6550 2088 31.9 3244 1685

Vakhsh2000

03138 15.7 10277 3065

Vakhsh3120

03850,4 12.3 19097 5040

Yarkhich 1170 106,8 9 1588 302

Sorbog 1760 105,6 6 2180 338

Sangikar 291 8,9 3 378 19

Pitaukul 531 61,8 12 960 221

Tamdikul 398 90,8 22.5 507 198

Obikhingoy

1880 398,2 21.2 1568 685

Obikhingoy

6600 712,4 10.8 6883 1522

Obimazor 1030 171,5 16.7 832 283

Hydrochemical regime of Vakhsh river

Year Mineralization, mg/l

Oxygen regime, %

Nitrate,мg/l

1984312-951

(“Tigrovaya balka”)

55-880,05

(Kalininabad)

1985342,7-946 (Kurgan -

Tube)52-83

0,042 (“Tigrovaya

balka”)

1986 260,6-2177,4 50-1000,97

(Kalininabad)

1987 194,1-1798,2 44-1290,028

(Nurek)

1988259,9-14806

(Kurgan Tube)55-107

0,09

(Kalininabad)

For all

period

194-2177,4 44-129 0,097

The main sources of drinking water in VRB are open water The main sources of drinking water in VRB are open water sources (rivers, irrigational canals, small reservoirs). sources (rivers, irrigational canals, small reservoirs). Approximately 75 % of water in the supply systems comes Approximately 75 % of water in the supply systems comes from such sources. The quantity of water consumed for from such sources. The quantity of water consumed for industrial needs (normative) is 13633,8 mindustrial needs (normative) is 13633,8 m33 / day. The / day. The amount of water consumed for residential needs amount of water consumed for residential needs (normative) is 119,25m(normative) is 119,25m33/day or 38947,9 m/day or 38947,9 m33/year. Waste /year. Waste water production from residential area is 75,4 mwater production from residential area is 75,4 m33 /daily and /daily and is collected through sewage system of Kurgan -Tube city. is collected through sewage system of Kurgan -Tube city. The water volume used for household needs makes about 6 The water volume used for household needs makes about 6 % of the total water supply which is about 1.2 billion m% of the total water supply which is about 1.2 billion m33. . Approximately the ratio is typical for VRB. The main Approximately the ratio is typical for VRB. The main environmental problems for VRB are: lack of access to good environmental problems for VRB are: lack of access to good quality water, soil degradation (reduction in fertility) and quality water, soil degradation (reduction in fertility) and ecosystems degradation. Water quality deterioration is ecosystems degradation. Water quality deterioration is connected with the absence of necessary treatment connected with the absence of necessary treatment facilities, and inappropriate and inadequate management of facilities, and inappropriate and inadequate management of water resources for rapidly growing population. water resources for rapidly growing population.

(b)(b) Environmental Characteristics : Environmental Characteristics :

It is observed that VRB rivers are highly It is observed that VRB rivers are highly mineralized with chlorides and sulfates. mineralized with chlorides and sulfates. VRB rivers are polluted with minerals VRB rivers are polluted with minerals fertilizers and pesticides from the irrigated fertilizers and pesticides from the irrigated land. land.

Results of chemical analyses Vakhsh river (dates carrying out of analyses May - June, 2004)

Name of ingredients

Lim

it perm

issible

con

cen

tratio

n(L

PC

)

Up

to N

ure

k w

ate

r rese

rvoir

Mixin

g o

f Vakh

sh Y

ava

n tu

nn

el

Sarb

an

d (V

akh

sh m

ag

isteria

l can

al )

Ku

rgan

Tu

be (u

p m

erg

ing

with

Yava

nsu

river)

Yava

nsu

(up

merg

ing

with

Vakh

sh rive

r)

Vakh

sh (1

km

. afte

r merg

ing

with

Yava

nsu

)

Ph6,5-8,5

8,1 8,2 6,5 7,2 7,6 7,2

Color, degree 20 0   42 49 144096

0Mineralization,

mg/l 1000   83

040

040

01290

700

Chloride, mg/l 35051,

986,

772

72,4

93,2**

72,8

Nitrogen ammonia , mg/l

20,0

50,2

40,0

10,2

40,96 0,7

Results of chemical analyses Vakhsh river (dates carrying out of analyses May - June, 2004)

[continued]Nitrogen nitrate,

mg/l 45

0,62

0,15

2,5 0,8 1,4 1,1

Nitrogen nitrite , mg/l

10,0

90,0

20,0

20,0

20,06

0,04

Fluoride, mg/l 1,5     0,58

0,09  0,1

2Phosphor, general,

mg/l 0,1     0,0

20,0

80,06

0,04

Sulfate, mg/l 50015

3  19

528 36 30

Copper, mg/l 1 0,3   0,74

0,46

0,540,4

2

Iron general, mg/l 0,30,0

4  0,0

80,0

50,06

0,11

Iodides, mg/l 0,2     0,17     

Chromium 6-th valiant, mg/l

0,01     0,01     

Characteristics of waste water Vakhsh Nitrogen plant

NameUnit

s LPC

pure water flow (industrial)

Nitrogen ammonia

Mg/l 0,5 22

Nitrogen nitrate Mg/l 0,02 0,02

Nitrogen nitrite Mg/l 9,1 1,2

Oil production’s Mg/l 0,05 0,2

Water quantity of Vakhsh river (area located of Vakhsh Nitrogen plant)

Name of ingredients

Units

LPC Before sewage

system

after sewage mixing

The stratum substance

mg/l 15 13,5 13,5

General mineralization

mg/l 1000 245 251

Nitrogen ammonia

mg/l 0,5 0,206 0,21

Nitrogen nitrate

mg/l 0.02 0,02 0,02

Nitrogen nitrite mg/l 9,1 2,6 2,7Oil

production’s mg/l 0,05 0,13 0,13

The swampy area in irrigated land of VRB covered 13,444 ha in The swampy area in irrigated land of VRB covered 13,444 ha in 2003 an increment of 958 ha is observed in comparison with 2003 an increment of 958 ha is observed in comparison with 1990. Area affected by salinization (salinity) covers 7,426 ha.1990. Area affected by salinization (salinity) covers 7,426 ha.Salinity is observed in both groundwater and irrigated areas Salinity is observed in both groundwater and irrigated areas covering 1182 ha. Presently 22,052 ha of irrigated area is not in covering 1182 ha. Presently 22,052 ha of irrigated area is not in satisfactory condition with an increment of 261 ha from 1990. In satisfactory condition with an increment of 261 ha from 1990. In VRB, 1,375 ha of irrigated land was not used in 2003, which VRB, 1,375 ha of irrigated land was not used in 2003, which includes 328 ha affected by salinity and water logging, 410 ha due includes 328 ha affected by salinity and water logging, 410 ha due to water shortages and 160 ha because of soil erosion. In 2003 to water shortages and 160 ha because of soil erosion. In 2003 168,9 thousand ha irrigated area (85%) required improvements in 168,9 thousand ha irrigated area (85%) required improvements in irrigations systems. Drainage system was necessary for 2,736 ha, irrigations systems. Drainage system was necessary for 2,736 ha, where as improvements in collectors and drainage required for where as improvements in collectors and drainage required for 12,011 ha of irrigated area. It is necessary to wash out 11,618 ha 12,011 ha of irrigated area. It is necessary to wash out 11,618 ha of heavily salted area. Similarly 95 ha needs protection from of heavily salted area. Similarly 95 ha needs protection from flooding. The potential pasture area in VRB is equal 24 % the flooding. The potential pasture area in VRB is equal 24 % the Tajik Pasture land (880 thousand ha), 60% of which is located in Tajik Pasture land (880 thousand ha), 60% of which is located in the mountain region. Water insufficiency is the greatest barrier the mountain region. Water insufficiency is the greatest barrier for maximum utilization of available mountain pastures. for maximum utilization of available mountain pastures.

List of Hydropower stations (HPS) in use and under construction in the VRB

№ Name

Parameters

Capacity, MWt

Production,

TWt.h/year

Head,m

Useful Volume of

reservoir,km3

Cascade of HPS on Vakhsh river1 Roghun** 3600 13,3 300 8,6

2 Shurabad 800 3 55 0,02

3 Nurek* 3000 11,2 250 4,5

4 Baypazin* 600 2,5 54 0,08

5Sangtuda- 1**

670 2,7 58 0,02

6Sangtuda- 2

220 1 19 0,005

7 Golovnaya* 240 1,3 26 0,004

8Perepadnaya*

30 0,25 39 0

9Centralnaya*

18 0,11 22 0

Total 9178 35,36   13,229

List of Hydropower stations (HPS) in use and under construction in the VRB [continued]

№ Name

Parameters

Capacity, MWt

Production,

TWt.h/year

Head,m

Useful Volume of

reservoir,km3

Cascade HPS on Obikhingoy river

1 Sangvor 800 2 268 1,5

2 Urfatin 850 2,1 280 0,01

3 Shtienskaya 600 1,5 150 0,01

4 Evtachskaya 800 2 185 0,02

5Kaftarguzarskaya

650 1,7 140 0,01

Total 3700 9,3   1,55

Cascade of HPS on Surkhob river

1 Dzhadbulak 600 2 200 1,4

2 Sayronak 500 2,2 135 0,01

3 Gorgenskaya 600 2,7 138 0,02

* - working, ** - building 14978 53,36   16,229

- observation networks;observation networks;One of the primary goals of the hydrometeorology One of the primary goals of the hydrometeorology agency is to provide information on current and agency is to provide information on current and expected hydro meteorological conditions and climate expected hydro meteorological conditions and climate changes, the level of pollution of the natural changes, the level of pollution of the natural environment, and the information on hydro hazards in environment, and the information on hydro hazards in the country.the country.« The hydrometeorological agency » provides « The hydrometeorological agency » provides information to various sectors and populations on information to various sectors and populations on current and future conditions of the natural current and future conditions of the natural environment and climate: expected changes of environment and climate: expected changes of hydrometeorological conditions. The information hydrometeorological conditions. The information provided by agency is used for taking decisions for provided by agency is used for taking decisions for the agricultural planning and crop plantation.the agricultural planning and crop plantation.

Baseline information availability:Baseline information availability:

forecast and notification the hydro-hazard (flood, avalanches, forecast and notification the hydro-hazard (flood, avalanches, frosts, heavy rainfall) and sharp weather changes;frosts, heavy rainfall) and sharp weather changes;

decadal review of the hydrometeorological informations and decadal review of the hydrometeorological informations and publications of agrometeorogical bulletin, hydrological publications of agrometeorogical bulletin, hydrological bulletin, bulletin,

monthly review (the review hydrometric condition for monthly review (the review hydrometric condition for previous month), seasonal agro-meteorological review;previous month), seasonal agro-meteorological review;

seasonal cumulative precipitation (autumn-winter) and snow seasonal cumulative precipitation (autumn-winter) and snow reserves in mountains;reserves in mountains;

information dissemination to public and private sectors, information dissemination to public and private sectors, industry and agricultural authorities;industry and agricultural authorities;

weather forecasts for 1-5 days, which are published in daily weather forecasts for 1-5 days, which are published in daily hydrometeorological bulletin,hydrometeorological bulletin,

monthly weather forecast;monthly weather forecast; Agricultural water management and crop water requirement Agricultural water management and crop water requirement

forecast;forecast; agricultural production forecast etc;agricultural production forecast etc; Flow forecast in rivers;Flow forecast in rivers;

The agency provides following The agency provides following

informationinformation::

Thank You!Thank You!